Bradford is a town in Orange County, Vermont, United States. The population was 2,790 at the 2020 census.[3] Bradford is located on the county's eastern border, bordering both the Connecticut River and New Hampshire, and is a commercial center for some of its surrounding towns.
History
View of library in c. 1915
The earliest name of the settlement was Wait's River Town or Waitstown,[4] in honor of Joseph Wait, a member of Rogers' Rangers.[5] The town was originally part of Gloucester County in the Province of New York before becoming part of Vermont.[4] In 1770, the town was established by New York patent: 3,000 acres (1,200 hectares) were granted on May 3, 1770, and the town was named Mooretown after Sir Henry Moore, 1st Baronet, then the royal governor of New York.[4][5] On October 23, 1788, at the request of town's residents, the town was renamed Bradford by the Vermont General Assembly,[4] likely after Bradford, Massachusetts.[5] According to the Vermont Encyclopedia, Bradford "has always been an industrial and commercial center for the surrounding rural towns and villages."[5]
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 29.9 square miles (77 km2), of which 29.8 square miles (77 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) (0.20%) is water. The Waits River flows through Bradford in a southeasterly direction to its confluence with the Connecticut River, which forms the eastern boundary of the town.[4][6] The town rises from the river's meadows through low hills and river valleys and finally Wright's Mountain (at an elevation of 1,822 feet) close to the border with Newbury to the north.[4]
Bradford is bordered by the towns of Newbury to the north, West Fairlee and Fairlee to the south, and Corinth to the west.[7]
As of the census of 2010,[10] there were 2,797 people, 1,281 households, and 692 families residing in the town. The population density was 87.8 people per square mile (33.9 people/km2). There were 1,217 housing units at an average density of 40.8 units per square mile (15.8 units/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.71% White, 0.46% Black or African American, 0.46% Native American, 0.23% Asian, 0.15% Pacific Islander, and 0.99% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.61% of the population.
There were 1,028 households, out of which 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them. 51.8% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 26.2% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 25.5% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 15.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.3 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $37,270, and the median income for a family was $42,128. Males had a median income of $30,865 versus $28,857 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,452. About 7.9% of families and 11.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 15.5% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Bradford has two public schools: Bradford Elementary School for kindergarten through grade 6 and Oxbow High School for grades 7–12. Attached to Oxbow High School is the Riverbend Career and Technical Center for adults, a vocational center. Total school enrollment for fiscal year 2017–2018 was 242 at Bradford Elementary[11] and approximately 373 at Oxbow/Riverbend.[12] While Bradford Elementary serves only the Town of Bradford, Oxbow/Riverbend is part of a supervisory union, and so has students from the surrounding area as well.[13]
The central office for the Orange East Supervisory Union is located in Bradford.
A branch of Central Vermont Basic Education, which provides curricula for learning basic skills (reading, writing, math and computer literacy), English language that prepares the student for U.S. citizenship, credential programs for high school diplomas and GED, and college and career readiness, is also located in Bradford.[citation needed]
Stagecoach Transportation bus service also serves Bradford, with commuter service to points south including Hanover, N.H., Lebanon, N.H., and White River Junction, Vt., along its River Route. Stagecoach also provides a "Circulator Route" to shopping and service destinations in the Lower Cohase Region, and provides individual rides to health care and other approved appointments.
Bradford Academy/Woods School Building at 172 North Main Street—an 1893 building (with a 1935 addition) that has been held by the town under a 99-year lease. The building houses the town government offices, town police department, and Bradford Historical Society.[16]
Bradford Public Library—designed by architect Lambert Packard and constructed in 1895.[17]
Old Church Theater—Permanently located in a 1793 building behind the Congregational Church on Main Street, the Old Church Theater has presented over 28 years of summer productions geared for family entertainment. The organization moved to temporary quarters adjacent to the Orange East Senior Center in November 2017, while the permanent building undergoes restoration. The actors are local residents from various backgrounds and some have gone on to make a career in the theater world. The theater is open to anyone wishing to act, direct, work backstage, help with set design, ticket sales and more.[18][19]
Wright's Mountain/Devil's Den Town Forest - Contains more than 500 contiguous protected acres and more than 10 miles of interconnected trails open to all non-motorized recreation. The area was named a National Scenic Trail in 2018.
The Space on Main—Nonprofit co-working, maker, conference, event, and gallery space opened in 2017 in former Hill's 5 & 10 department store.
Waits River Falls—also known as Bradford Falls and Bradford Dam. Scenic waterfall over rocky cascade on Waits River along U.S. Route 5 National Scenic Byway, abutting Boch Park picnic area.
Elizabeth's Park—Playground with classic wooden castle/maze structure, charcoal grills and ice skating rink.
^Chaim M. Rosenberg, Yankee Colonies across America: Cities upon the Hills (Lexington Books, 2015), p. 74.
^Spencer C. Tucker, ""Clark, Charles Edgar" in The Encyclopedia of the Spanish–American and Philippine–American Wars: A Political, Social, and Military History, Vol. 1 (A-L) (ed. Spencer C. Tucker).
United States
Vermont
