Sir

Brian Clarke

Hon FRIBA FRSA CF
Brian Clarke in his studio, 2015
Born
Brian Ord Clarke

(1953-07-02) 2 July 1953 (age 70)
Oldham, Lancashire, England
EducationOldham School of Arts and Crafts; Burnley School of Art; North Devon College of Art and Design, Bideford
OccupationArtist
Years active1975–present
Known forPainting, stage design, stained glass, Gesamtkunstwerk,[1] tapestry, mosaic, ceramics
Notable workArchitectural Stained Glass; Royal Mosque, KKIA; Victoria Quarter, Leeds;[2] Holocaust Memorial Synagogue, Darmstadt;[3] Paul McCartney New World Tour; Pyramid of Peace and Reconciliation[4]
Spouses
Liz Finch
​
​
(m. 1972; div. 1996)​
​
​
(m. 2013)​
Websitewww.brianclarke.co.uk

Sir Brian Clarke Hon FRIBA FRSA CF (born 2 July 1953) is a British painter, architectural artist and printmaker, known for his large-scale stained glass and mosaic projects, symbolist paintings, set designs, and collaborations with major figures in Modern and contemporary architecture.

Born to a working-class family in Oldham, in the north of England, and a full-time art student on scholarship by age 13, Clarke came to prominence in the late 1970s as a painter and figure of the Punk movement[5][6][7] and designer of stained glass. By the early 1980s he had become a major figure in international contemporary art,[8] the subject of several television documentaries and a café society regular. He is known for his architectonic art, prolific output in various media,[9] friendships with key cultural figures,[10][11][a] and polemical lectures and interviews.

His practice in architectural and autonomous stained glass, often on a monumental scale,[12] has led to successive innovation and invention in the development of the medium.[b] This includes the creation of stained glass without lead and the subsequent pioneering of a 'dramatically enhanced Pointillism'[15] in glass, as well as the creation of sculptural stained glass works, analogous to collage, made primarily or entirely of lead. The latter two advances are described as having taken stained glass as an art form to its zero-point in each direction: absolute transparency and complete opacity.[c]

A lifelong exponent of the integration of art and architecture, his architectural collaborations include work with Zaha Hadid,[17] Norman Foster,[18] Arata Isozaki, Oscar Niemeyer, I. M. Pei, César Pelli, and Renzo Piano.[19] He served a seven-year term as chairman of The Architecture Foundation[20] and served on the Design Review Committee of the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment.[21] His artistic collaborations have included work with David Bailey, Hugh Hudson, Malcolm McLaren, and with Linda McCartney and Paul McCartney.

Early life and education

Brian Clarke was born in Oldham, Lancashire, to Edward Ord Clarke, a coal miner, and Lilian Clarke (née Whitehead), a cotton spinner. Raised in a family familiar with Spiritualism – his maternal grandmother was a notable local medium – Clarke attended a Spiritualist Lyceum throughout his childhood[22] and was considered a 'sensitive', gaining a reputation locally as a 'boy medium'.[d]

Aged 12, he applied for a place in the last intake of an education scheme existing in the north of England to enable artistically promising children to leave their secondary school and become full-time art students,[22][23] and was awarded a scholarship to the Oldham School of Arts and Crafts.[24] In place of a standard curriculum, he principally studied the arts and design, learning drawing, heraldry, pictorial composition, colour theory, pigment mixing and calligraphy, among other subjects.[22] Considered a prodigy, by the age of 16 Clarke had mastered the orthodoxies of academic life drawing. In 1968, he and his family moved to Burnley and, too young at 15 to gain entrance to Burnley College of Art, he lied about his age and was accepted on the strength of his previous work.[22]

In 1970, Clarke enrolled in the Architectural Stained Glass course at North Devon College of Art and Design, graduating from the Diploma in Design with a first class distinction.[22] In 1974, he was awarded a Winston Churchill Memorial Travelling Fellowship[25] to study religious art in Italy, France, and West Germany. He was inspired by the post-war German school of stained glass artists, and in particular the artist Johannes Schreiter. In 1976, Clarke received the Churchill Extension Fellowship to study art in architecture and contemporary painting in the United States, where he connected with the art of, and later befriended, Robert Rauschenberg, Jasper Johns, and Andy Warhol.

Work

In his career, Clarke has advanced new approaches across a range of mediums including stained glass, mosaic, collage, painting and drawing. He is recognised as being instrumental in bringing critical attention to the medium of stained glass and revealing its relevance to the present day through both his practice of the medium and through exhibitions and writings on the subject.

From the beginning of his career, Clarke has had an architectural vision for stained glass. Always responsive to the building and surrounding context, this vision came to fruition in his later collaborations with world-renowned architects.

1970s

Baptistery windows designed and fabricated in 1976 by Clarke for F. X. Velarde's 1932-1934 Art Deco church of St Gabriel, Blackburn.[26][27]

Clarke received his first commission for a stained glass at age 17. However, his suite of 20 windows for the Church of St Lawrence, Longridge (1975)[28] is considered his first mature work. Here, the use of transparent glass has a Pop Art sensibility; the 'see through’ panes embrace the everyday by letting the real world in. In 1976, Clarke received a large-scale commission from the University of Nottingham to produce 45 paintings, vestments, and a series of stained glass windows for a multi-faith chapel in the Queen's Medical Centre. One of the largest public art commissions of the decade, the process of design and installation was filmed by the BBC as material for a documentary.[29]

In the early years of his career, most of Clarke's work was for religious buildings. However, by 1978 his relationship with the Church had become untenable, as his designs were constantly being modified. The ending of this relationship freed Clarke to create stained glass for secular contexts and advance the medium as social art. Throughout this period, Clarke was active in bringing attention to stained glass and promoting it as a modern medium. In 1975, he organised the travelling exhibition Glass Art One, which featured secular, autonomous stained glass panels inspired in part by Japanese-landscape painting.[30] Later, he co-curated GLASS/LIGHT, an extensive survey of twentieth-century stained glass, with British war artist John Piper and art historian Martin Harrison,[31] in collaboration with the artist Marc Chagall as part of the 1978 Festival of the City of London.[32] Clarke also produced the book Architectural Stained Glass,[33]a polemical collection of essays.

In his painting, Clarke developed a strictly abstract Constructivist language of geometric signs; often his work had an underlying grid structure made from repetitions and variations on the cross. In later years, he would disrupt the grid with free-flowing amorphic forms. In 1977 Punk hit the UK, which had a deep impact on Clarke. He connected with Vivienne Westwood and Malcolm McLaren and later collaborated as a designer on their aborted zine Chicken, whose creation was funded by EMI and filmed by BBC's Arena.[34] He also expressed Punk's nihilistic energy in the 1977 series of paintings, ‘Dangerous Visions’ (1977). Around the same time, Clarke became friends with the physical chemist Lord Snow. After Snow's death, he made a tributary portfolio of screenprints; their title, The Two Cultures referenced Snow's influential 1959 Rede Lecture on the perceived gulf between the humanities and sciences. In 1983 the Tate acquired an edition of The Two Cultures.[35]

Between 1978 and 1979, the BBC filmed Clarke's studio practice and life for an hour-long BBC Omnibus documentary,[36] Brian Clarke: The Story So Far.[37] Millions watched the documentary in the UK, and the BBC recorded multiple viewer complaints. The programme and subsequent press coverage, including Clarke's appearance on the cover of Vogue, photographed by Robert Mapplethorpe, brought him to broader public attention. Later in 1979, Clarke became a presenter on the BBC2 arts programme Mainstream and the BBC Radio 4 programme Kaleidescope, conducting interviews with figures including Brassaï, Andy Warhol, John Lennon, and Elisabeth Lutyens. He also gave Sheffield band The Human League their first television appearance.

1980s

Oil painting by Clarke from the Via Crucis series, titled And He is Condemned (1983), exhibited at the reopening of the Robert Fraser Gallery

In the 1980s Clarke was instrumental in bringing stained glass into the public sphere. He received his first international commission for paintings, a wooden construction, and a suite of stained glass windows for the Olympus European Headquarters Building in Hamburg, completed in 1981. Marking a major shift in his own practice and breaking with tradition, he had the windows made at a studio in Germany. The experience of their immersive colour prompted critics to describe them as the Colour Field of stained glass. Another development in this work is Clarke's liberation of the lead line from being a purely structural element: where the lead breaks free, it takes on an expressive quality. In the same year, receiving a commission from the Government of Saudi Arabia for the Royal Mosque of King Khalid International Airport, Clarke studied Islamic ornament at the Quran schools in Fez. Following this, in 1984, the architectural practice Derek Latham and Co. asked Clarke to collaborate on the refurbishment of Henry Currey's Grade II listed Thermal Baths in Buxton. Satisfying his social ambitions for the medium, he enclosed the former Victorian spa in a barrel-vaulted skin of stained glass, bathing the public space “in an immense blue light”.[38] It is one of Clarke's earliest works to have been designed to have a deliberate nocturnal presence.

Victoria Quarter Leeds modern abstract stained glass canopy by Brian Clarke at Cross Arcade junction, 1990

In 1988, architect Arata Isozaki approached Clarke to collaborate on the Lake Sagami Building in Yamanishi.[39] Clarke designed a composition of stained glass for the central lantern[40] and a series of interrelated skylights that referenced elements of Isozaki's building. In the same period, Clarke collaborated with Norman Foster and his architectural practice Foster + Partners to design stained glass for Stansted Airport's new terminal building. For the first time in the history of stained glass, computer-assisted design was utilised in its visualisation and design. Partly for security reasons, the design couldn't be used. The final commission was for two friezes and a 6-metre high tower of stained glass. While their abstract, constructivist forms resonated with Foster's language, Clarke has recently expressed how the medieval technology of lead and stained glass was at odds with the material qualities of High-tech architecture.[41] An urge to resolve this conflict later spurred Clarke to embrace the most cutting-edge glass technology.

Equally experimental across other mediums, Clarke's painting practice was also inspired by technology. Noticing the similarity between the reticular, Constructivist-derived symbols that dominated his work and the light-metering computergrams from Olympus OM System cameras, he produced a series of technology-related paintings, including Time Lag Zero, for the headquarters of Olympus Optical (UK). During this period, Clarke produced the cover painting for Paul McCartney's solo album Tug of War, designing the cover with Linda McCartney. He also created the stage designs for Paul McCartney's World Tour (1989–90).

The stained glass windows and dome, and ceramic and carved wood Torah ark of the New Synagogue, Darmstadt, designed by Clarke

1990s

Continuing to work collaboratively with leading architects, Clarke started to challenge the traditional containment of stained glass within a frame and fashion entire facades from glass. When Future Systems (the architectural practice of Jan Kaplický and Amanda Levete) asked Clarke to collaborate on The Glass Dune (1992), he proposed an internal ‘skin of art’ for their innovative boomerang-shaped building, which was never realised. Collaborating later with expressionist architect Will Alsop on the design of Hôtel du Département des Bouches du Rhône (which became known as Le Grand Bleu), Clarke clad the building in an Yves Klein blue glass. A landmark in the city of Marseille, the building is now considered a major work of late 20th century architecture.[42]

Desiring lighter and more expansive fields of glass, Clarke continued searching for new technologies. Working with architect Zaha Hadid on a proposal for the Spittelau Viaducts Housing Project, Vienna, he developed a new type of mouth-blown glass, which he christened 'Zaha-Glas'. Although this project was never realised, the newly developed 'Zaha-Glas'[43] was first used architecturally in Clarke's scheme for the ceiling of Pfizer World Headquarters in New York, a landmark architectural art project that connected 42nd and 43rd Streets in Manhattan. Working with Foster on the design for the Al Faisaliyah Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (installed 1999), Clarke abandoned the medieval technology of glass and supportive lead entirely and conceived a novel solution that involved firing a ceramic frit glaze into float glass. The new glass had a lightness that matched Norman Foster's High-tech building. Clarke, however, continued to use traditional, medieval technologies in other architectural contexts.  

Clarke continued to be active in other mediums in addition to stained glass. In 1993, he created the set designs for Paul McCartney's New World Tour (1993); one of the sets was a collage of stained glass through the ages. The following year, Clarke had a joint show with Linda McCartney. The exhibition, Collaborations, showed works by both artists and collaborative pieces in which McCartney's photos were silkscreened onto mouth-blown glass using a process of their own devising.

In 1998 the English High Court severed all ties between Francis Bacon's former gallery, Marlborough Fine Art,[44] and the Estate of Francis Bacon. Clarke was appointed sole executor of the Estate of Francis Bacon, acting on behalf of Bacon's heir John Edwards.[45] Clarke transferred representation of Francis Bacon to the Tony Shafrazi Gallery in New York, where an exhibition was mounted of seventeen previously unseen Bacon paintings recovered from his studio. Clarke brought a second court case against Marlborough Fine Art, alleging that the gallery had underpaid Bacon for his work, asserted undue influence over him,[46] and failed to account for up to 33 of his paintings.[47] Following Edwards' diagnosis with lung cancer in 2002, the litigation was settled out of court, with each side paying its own costs. During the legal process an undisclosed number of Bacon's paintings were recovered from Marlborough, and "vast quantities of correspondence and documents relating to the life of the artist were handed over by the gallery".[48]

In 1998, Edwards and Clarke donated the contents of Bacon's studio at 7 Reece Mews, London, left untouched since Bacon's death, to the Hugh Lane, the Dublin City Gallery.[49][50] What followed was a unique conservation project. A decision was taken to preserve the studio as it stood, and a team of archaeologists, art historians, conservators, and curators were involved in the move from London to Dublin.[51] The locations of over 7,000 items were documented, and in Dublin, the studio was rebuilt using all the original doors, flooring, walls, and ceiling,[50] and the items were placed exactly as they were left. The studio opened to the public in 2001, accompanied by the first-ever database to list the contents of an artist's studio.[52]

Stained glass skylight by Clarke, 120 sq metres total. Inspired by William Walton's Orb and Sceptre Coronation March and executed for The Spindles in Oldham (1993)

2000s

Continuing to advance his architectural vision for stained glass, in 2015 Clarke orchestrated the site-specific exhibition Lamina at the Gagosian Gallery, London, where floor to ceiling stained glass depicting golden leaves transformed the gallery space and immersed the visitors illuminated natural forms. Nature became a central theme for Clarke's work in these years. In an interview, Clarke acknowledged feeling close to Henri Matisse, who had worked in stained glass and whose work often glorified the wonders of nature. Nature also inspired Clarke's stained glass and ceramic works at Mall Cottages in West London. Clarke worked with Norman Foster on the Palace of Peace and Reconciliation, a landmark building in Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, built to house the triennial Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions.[53] Clarke's 9,700 square expanse of stained glass crowns the apex of the pyramid (installed 2006), featuring imagery of soaring doves.[54][55] 

In another example of Clarke breaking the medieval relationship between glass and lead, in the 2000s he took the radical step to inverse their relationship and began fashioning works entirely of lead. In these autonomous lead works, Clarke often uses the somber weightiness of lead to explore darker themes like mortality. His leadwork Don't Forget the Lamb (2014) is a memorial to his late mother. In this period, nature inspired Clarke's work in other mediums as well. His drawings of flowers use negative space as an expressive element, isolating the flowers in empty space with his signature, nervy line. This is seen in his later series, 'Night Orchids', exhibited at PACE Gallery in 2016.[56] Clarke's collages are equally experimental; the carefully chosen, often torn, fragments and chalk drawings build an image that attempts to capture the essence of the flower depicted. In a radical gesture, Clarke brought the language of collage to stained glass in a wrap-around window at Peel Cottage (installed 2009), where he incorporated fragments of medieval glass within a contemporary design.

2010s to present

In 2010, Clarke was commissioned to design stained windows for the new Papal Chapel of the Apostolic Nunciature, the diplomatic embassy of the Holy See to Great Britain, for the 2010 visit of Pope Benedict XVI to the United Kingdom, the first-ever state visit made by a pope to Britain.[57] The exhibition The Art of Light (2018) in Norwich highlighted Clarke's free-standing glass panels. While their folding structures draw inspiration from Japanese folding screens, they explore a new context for stained glass, no longer confined to the fabric of a building, but nevertheless having a strong architectural impact on whatever space they inhabit. The subject matter of these panels is diverse: many depict flowers and nature's opulence in vivid colour, but there are also images of intense grief and Pop-inspired subject matter. A Pop sensibility also runs through his Caryatids panels (2002), which depict muscular young men in beachwear by the sea. The work received criticism when it was shown at Christie's, London in 2011, reflective of the traditionalist values that surround the medium of stained glass.

In 2015, Clarke curated A Strong Sweet Smell of Incense: A Portrait of Robert Fraser, an exhibition held at the Royal Academy of Arts in London, in association with Pace Gallery, together with author Harriet Vyner (whose 'cult biography'[58] of Fraser, Groovy Bob, Clarke had contributed to). The 2014 solo exhibition Spitfires and Primroses with the Pace Gallery, juxtaposed two recent series of works, pairing oil paintings of the Second World War aircraft, arranged in a heraldic semé, with watercolours of English primroses. The show revealed an underlying disquiet to Clarke's botanical imagery. This aspect resonated later in his paintings of poppies, which formed the exhibition Vespers at Phillips, London in 2021.

In 2020, it was announced that a new Blue Coat School was to be built in Oldham, Clarke's hometown, named the Brian Clarke Church of England Academy,[59] to provide free school places to 1,200 pupils.[60] The academy was granted planning permission in April 2021,[61] with construction completed in 2023, and its first intake of pupils in September 2023

Selected projects

Selected realised projects

Selected unrealised projects

Recognition and roles

Awards and honours

Clarke was knighted in the 2024 New Year Honours for services to art.[67][68]

Selected exhibitions

Television and film

Bibliography

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Publications

Contributions

Monographs and catalogues

  • Brian Clarke: Working Drawings. With contributions by John Piper and Patrick Reyntiens. Salisbury: St. Edmunds Arts Centre, 1979.
  • Brian Clarke. By Martin Harrison. With contributions by Johannes Schreiter and Patrick Reyntiens. London: Quartet Books, 1981. ISBN 0-7043-2281-1
  • Brian Clarke: Paintings. London: Robert Fraser Gallery, 1983.
  • Brian Clarke: Microcosm (Stained Glass and Paintings). Tokyo: The Sezon Museum of Modern Art, 1987.
  • Brian Clarke: Malerei und Farbfenster 1977-1988. With contributions by Johannes Schreiter and Sir Peter Cook. Darmstadt: Hessisches Landesmuseum, 1988. ISBN 3-926527-13-7
  • Brian Clarke: Into and Out of Architecture. With contributions by Sir Norman Foster, Sir Peter Cook, Arata Isozaki, Ryu Niimi and Paul Beldock. London: The Mayor Gallery, 1990.
  • Brian Clarke. With contributions by Paul Beldock. Japan: Art Random and Kyoto Shoin International, 1990.
  • Brian Clarke: Designs on Architecture. Introduction by Paul Beldock. Oldham: Oldham Art Gallery, 1993.
  • Brian Clarke: Architectural Artist. London: Academy Editions, 1994. ISBN 1-85490-343-8
  • Les Vitraux de la Fille-Dieu de Brian Clarke/Die Glasgemälde der Fille-Dieu von Brian Clarke. Edited by: L'Abbaye Cistercienne de la Fille-Dieu à Romont, Museée suisse du vitrail à Romont. Bern: Benteli, 1997. ISBN 9783716510865
  • Brian Clarke—Linda McCartney: Collaborations. Edited by: Stefan Trümpler, Musée suisse du vitrail à Romont. Bern: Benteli, 1997.
  • 'Fleur de Lys': Brian Clarke. London: Faggionato Fine Arts, 1998.
  • Brian Clarke – Projects. New York: Tony Shafrazi Gallery, 1998. ISBN 978-1-891475-13-9
  • Brian Clarke – Transillumination. Edited by: Martin Harrison. New York: Tony Shafrazi Gallery, 2002. ISBN 1-891475-22-3
  • Brian Clarke – Lamina. With contributions by Martin Harrison. London: Gagosian Gallery, 2005. ISBN 1-932598-18-9
  • Don't Forget the Lamb. New York: Phillips de Pury & Company, 2008.
  • Christophe. Steidl, 2009. ISBN 978-3865217721
  • Brian Clarke: Life and Death. Edited by: Stefan Trümpler. Romont: Vitromusée Romont, 2010. ISBN 978-3716516713
  • Brian Clarke: Atlantes & Astragals. With contributions by Martin Harrison and Hans Janssen. London: Christie's, 2011.
  • Brian Clarke: Works on Paper 1969–2011. London: Phillips de Pury and Company, 2011.
  • Brian Clarke: Between Extremities. With contributions by Martin Harrison and Robert C. Morgan. New York: PACE Gallery, 2013. ISBN 978-1-935410-39-3
  • Spitfires and Primroses 2012-2014/Works 1977-1985. With contributions by Amanda Harrison and Martin Harrison. London: PACE Gallery, 2015. ISBN 978-1909406155
  • Night Orchids. With contributions by Robert Storr. London: HENI Publishing, 2016. ISBN 978-0993316104
  • The Art of Light – Brian Clarke. With contributions by Sir Norman Foster and Paul Greenhalgh. London: HENI Publishing and Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, 2018.
  • Brian Clarke: On Line. Poole: TheGallery, Arts University Bournemouth, 2020. ISBN 978-0-901196-82-8[88]
  • Spitfires. London: HENI Publishing, 2020. ISBN 978-1-912122-01-1
  • Vespers. Introductory essay by Robert Storr. London: HENI Publishing, 2021. ISBN 978-1-912122-35-6

Gallery

Notes

  1. ^ 'If the earnest boy from Oldham was bemused to find himself the toast of the glitterati, he wasn't bedazzled. "If you're a well-known plumber you meet well-known electricians, I suppose. It's just the circle you move in. And my friendships with Paul [McCartney] or [Francis] Bacon or Andy [Warhol] – that's just what happens in life. But," he adds with a glimmer of reproof, "I've got friends who aren't famous. I even have friends who aren't dead."'[10]
  2. ^ Including the early use of screen printing, incorporation of photography,[13] the origination of techniques allowing the inclusion of two colours in a single sheet of opaque glass, and the development of bonding techniques including multi-lamination.[14]
  3. ^ His major contributions to the medium are the removal of structural or outline-delineating lead through the production of seamless stained glass and, conversely, the production of related works created without glass, formed of calligraphic lead solder on sheet lead.[16]
  4. ^ "As a teenager, I went through the usual adolescent excitements to do with quasi-religious, quasi-artistic things and the closest to home was spiritualism. So I went through all the procedures that young spiritualists in the 1960s went through and became what they call a medium. It wasn't a preoccupation that consumed much of my life but it gave me a reservoir of imagery I find thrilling. To be frank, I think my art is still in what you might call 'mediumship'."[10]

References

  1. ^ Greenhalgh, Paul (2020). Ceramic, Art and Civilisation. London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts; Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. ISBN 9781474239707.
  2. ^ Wrathmall, Susan (2005). Pevsner Architectural Guides: Leeds. Yale University Press. pp. 24–5, 38, 159–61, 225. ISBN 0-300-10736-6.
  3. ^ a b Schwartz, Hans-Peter (1988). Die Architektur Der Synagoge. Frankfurt am Main: Deutsches Architekturmuseum. p. 306.
  4. ^ Sudjic, Deyan (2010). Norman Foster: A Life in Architecture. Hachette UK. ISBN 9780297864424.
  5. ^ Rick Poynor (April 1990). "Master of the Matrix". Blueprint. United Kingdom.
  6. ^ Dadomo, Giovanni (July 1981). "The Artist Today". The Face. No. 15.
  7. ^ Harvey, Paul (1 March 2013). "Doing the right things for the right reasons: Looking for authenticity in Punk and Stuckist practice". Punk & Post Punk. 2 (1): 43–71. doi:10.1386/punk.2.1.43_1.
  8. ^ Crichton-Miller, Emma (4 February 2011). "The Great Glass Elevator". Financial Times. Retrieved 3 October 2019.
  9. ^ Amaya, Mario (June 1984). "Clarke's New Constructivism". Studio International. 197 (1005).
  10. ^ a b c Dickson, Jane (15–21 October 2011). "Magic of glass: Meet Brian Clarke, Britain's star of stained glass with a papal blessing". Radio Times. United Kingdom: Immediate Media Company Limited.
  11. ^ Johnson, David (4 October 2009). "Spandau Ballet, the Blitz kids and the birth of the New Romantics". The Observer. The Guardian. Retrieved 8 January 2020.
  12. ^ Trümpler, Stefan (1997). Brian Clarke – Linda McCartney: Collaborations. Romont: Musée Suisse du Vitrail. ISBN 3-7165-1086-6.
  13. ^ Lister, David (23 February 1998). "Glass act: Linda turns Paul into an art revival". The Independent. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  14. ^ Jenkins, David (8 September 2010). "Brian Clarke: rock star of stained glass". The Telegraph. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
  15. ^ Greenhalgh, Paul (June 2018). The Art of Light – Brian Clarke. London: HENI Publishing/The Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts. ISBN 9781912122172.
  16. ^ Harrison, Martin (November 2018). Alchemy, Stained Glass and Modernism. London: HENI Publishing. ISBN 978-1912122158.
  17. ^ Moonan, Wendy (26 January 1995). "The World Under Glass". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 October 2019.
  18. ^ Holledge, Richard (10 August 2018). "The luminous stained glass of Brian Clarke". Financial Times. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
  19. ^ Louie, Elaine (16 January 2013). "Stained Glass, from Churches to Malls: Q&A with Brian Clarke". The New York Times.
  20. ^ "Clarke takes over from Alsop". Design Weekly. Vol. 4, no. February 2007 Online. 19 February 2007. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  21. ^ "Brian Clarke appointed new Chairman of the Architecture Foundation" (Press release). London: The Architecture Foundation. BLAH PR. February 2007.
  22. ^ a b c d e f g Harrison, Martin; Schreiter, Johannes; Patrick, Reyntiens (1981). Brian Clarke: Paintings and Projects. foreword by Liz Finch (ed. 1st ed.). London: Quartet Books. ISBN 978-0-7043-2281-3. OCLC 7971383. OL 3197315W. Archived from the original on 14 April 2023. Retrieved 14 April 2023.((cite book)): CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  23. ^ "The Two Cultures: Brian Clarke and Zaha Hadid in conversation". Tate. Retrieved 24 December 2018.
  24. ^ a b "Brian Clarke: The Quick and the Dead". Kunstmuseum Den Haag. Gemeentemuseum The Hague. 16 April 2014. Retrieved 10 December 2019.
  25. ^ David, Jenkins; Baker, Phillipa (2001). Foster: Catalogue 2001. London: Foster and Partners/Prestel Verlag. ISBN 1854903578.
  26. ^ Hobhouse, Janet (February 1980). "An Old Art Renewed". Quest/80. Quest.
  27. ^ Best, Alastair (August 1978). "Brian Clarke". The Architectural Review. CLXIV (978): 109–111.
  28. ^ Reyntiens, Patrick (1979). "Elements of Architecture: The Window". In Schofield, Maria (ed.). Decorative Art and Modern Interiors: Themes in Nature. Vol. 68. London: Studio Vista, Cassell Ltd. p. 152. ISBN 0289708605.
  29. ^ Brian Clarke; Johannes Schreiter; Martin Harrison; Ludwig Schaffrath; John Piper; Patrick Reyntiens (1 October 1979). Brian Clarke (ed.). Architectural Stained Glass: edited by Brian Clarke. London, New York City: McGraw Hill Education. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-7195-3657-1. LCCN 79000211. OCLC 6213441. OL 21255634M. Wikidata Q111514300.
  30. ^ Wolfenden, Ian (January–February 1976). "Brian Clarke: Glass Art One". Crafts. London: Crafts Council.
  31. ^ Harrison, Martin (1978). GLASS/LIGHT. England: The City Arts Trust Limited. p. 24. ISBN 0704322811.
  32. ^ Martin Harrison; Robin Aldworth (Spring 1979). Tate, R L C (ed.). "Light and Stained Glass" (PDF). Thorn Lighting Journal. Thorn Industries (20): 13–17. Retrieved 26 September 2019.
  33. ^ "Brian Clarke's Story". WCMT.org. Winston Churchill Memorial Trust. Archived from the original on 25 September 2019. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
  34. ^ Gorman, Paul (2020). The Life and Times of Malcolm McLaren: The Biography. London: Constable. p. 464. ISBN 978-1-47212-108-0.
  35. ^ The Tate Gallery 1982-84: Illustrated Catalogue of Acquisitions. London: Tate Publishing (UK). December 1986. ISBN 978-0946590490.
  36. ^ Spalding, Frances (1990). The Dictionary of British 20th Century Painters and Sculptors. England. p. 120.((cite book)): CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  37. ^ Diana Lashmore (15 March 1979). Brian Clarke: The Story So Far (film) (TV documentary). England: BBC TV. 132930.
  38. ^ Hills, Ann (April 1987). "Buxton's New Landmark". Building Refurbishment.
  39. ^ Arata Isozaki: Architecture 1960–1990. New York: Rizzoli International; The Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles. 1991. p. 291.
  40. ^ "The art of glass". New Scientist. No. 1956. 17 December 1994. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  41. ^ Clarke, Brian, Norman Foster and Robert Storr. (2020, November 13). Conversation between Brian Clarke, Norman Foster and Robert Storr. HENI Talks. [1]
  42. ^ "L'Hôtel du Département". Département des Bouches-du-Rhône. 16 September 2016. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  43. ^ "Spittelau Viaducts Housing Project". Brian Clarke. Archived from the original on 7 January 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2023.
  44. ^ Delarge, Jean-Pierre. "Bacon, Francis" [The Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Plastic Arts]. Dictionnaire des arts plastiques modernes et contemporains (in French). Delarge. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  45. ^ Gibbons, Fiachra (23 March 2000)."Gallery 'cheated Bacon out of tens of millions'". The Guardian. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  46. ^ Boggan, Steve (31 October 2001). "Bacon 'blackmailed' by art gallery owner, court told in dispute over £100m fees". The Independent. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
  47. ^ Boggan, Steve (28 November 2001). "I wooed Bacon with Claridge's champagne but London gallery cheated me, says dealer". The Independent. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
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External links

External videos
video icon Brian Clarke: The Art of Light HENI Talks
video icon Conversation between Brian Clarke, Norman Foster and Robert Storr Museum of Arts and Design film by HENI Talks
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Brian Clarke.
Wikiquote has quotations related to Brian Clarke.
British and Irish stained glass
Authority control databases
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