British Rail Class 252 Prototype HST
Class 252 at Weston-super-Mare in 1975
In service	1972–1982
Manufacturer	British Rail Engineering Limited
Built at	Crewe Works
Family name	High Speed Train
Constructed	1972
Scrapped	1990–93 (partly)
Number built	1 set
Number in service	9 carriages
Number preserved	1 power car
Number scrapped	1 power car, 1 carriage
Formation	Two power cars flanking Mark 3 carriages
Fleet numbers	252001
Operators	British Rail
Lines served	Western Region
Specifications
Car body construction	Steel fully integral, monocoque
Car length	56 ft 4 in (17.17 m)
Width	8 ft 11 in (2.72 m)
Height	12 ft 10 in (3.91 m)
Doors	Hinged slam, centrally locked/automatic plug doors, centrally locked
Maximum speed	143.2 mph (230.5 km/h)
Weight	68.5 tonnes (67.4 long tons; 75.5 short tons)
Prime mover(s)	Paxman Valenta 12RP200L, 2 off
Power supply	3-phase 415/240 V (Mark 3) 1,000 V DC (Mark 3A/B)
Bogies	BREL BT10
Braking system(s)	Disc, air operated
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge

Class 252 was the classification allocated to the prototype High Speed Train (HST) unit, numbered 252001.

History

When originally built, in 1972, the prototype High Speed Train (HST) units were considered to be formed of two locomotives at either end of a rake of carriages. As a result, the power cars were designated Class 41 and numbered 41001/41002, while the carriages were given numbers in the new Mark 3 carriage number series.^[1]

Shortly after their introduction, it was decided to classify the unit as a Diesel Electric Multiple Unit. It was allocated Class 252, and the whole formation was renumbered into a new carriage number series for HST and Advanced Passenger Train vehicles (4xxxx). Two coaches were not included in the renumbering (one Trailer First and one Trailer Second), as these were transferred for use in the Royal Train as part of its upgrade before the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II. The power cars were allocated numbers in the 43xxx series, and the two prototype cars took the numbers 43000/43001. Thus, the production-run cars were numbered from 43002 onwards.

Ironically, the situation reversed again in the 1980s, and the production power cars were then considered to be class 43, as this time around no power car or carriage was renumbered. By this time, the prototype cars had been transferred into departmental (non-revenue earning) service and had taken numbers in the departmental carriage 975xxx series, so they were not involved in this redesignation, and they retained their departmental carriage numbers rather than being transferred to the departmental locomotive list.

The former 41002/43001 has now been scrapped, but the other prototype locomotive, 41001/43000, was preserved at the National Railway Museum, York. All of the passenger-carrying vehicles are still extant apart from one of the former restaurant cars, scrapped in 1993.

The 125 Group restored prototype powercar 41001 back to operational condition in 2013.^[2][3] This entailed a complete restoration of the vehicle and a fitment of a Paxman Valenta engine at Neville Hill TMD. The engine was successfully started in July 2013, and on 31 May 2014 the loco moved under its own power for the first time in over 30 years.^[4][5][6]

Formation

The vehicles that made up the prototype High Speed Train are listed below, together with their current identity and use: