The Broadway Bridge is a Rall-type bascule bridge spanning the Willamette River in Portland, Oregon, United States, built in 1913. It was Portland's first bascule bridge, and it continues to hold the distinction of being the longest span of its bascule design type in the world.[3] It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in November 2012.[2][4]
History and description
The bridge was anticipated to be the world's longest bascule bridge and there was competition between the Strauss, Scherzer, and Rall bascule design patent holders.[5] The "Rall" was selected based on cost.[1][6]
Ralph Modjeski designed the structure,[7] which opened on April 22, 1913, at a cost of $1.6 million. It was the world's longest double-leaf bascule bridge, of any bascule type, at the time.[1] The bridge's name derives from the street it carries, Broadway, but at the time of the bridge's construction that street name was in use only east of the river. The westside portion of what is now Broadway had been named 7th Avenue, but was renamed Broadway when the bridge opened and connected the two streets.[1]
The bridge has four vehicle lanes (two lanes in each direction) that in 2006 carried about 30,000 vehicles per day.[1] It is also a major bicycle route over the river with more than 2,000 crossings daily in 2005,[8] and has a pair of 11-foot (3.4 m) wide sidewalks. On average, the bridge's draw span is opened about 25 times a month.[5]
In 1927–28, a 2,000-foot (610 m)-long[9] viaduct was built from the bridge's west deck, extending due west above Lovejoy Street to 14th Avenue, providing access to and from the bridge that had previously been blocked by railroad yards. This viaduct was known as the Lovejoy Ramp. A shorter ramp rising from Northwest 10th Avenue at Irving Street and connecting to the easternmost portion of the new Lovejoy viaduct was built in 1927, but not opened, due to delays to the start of work on the Lovejoy viaduct's western section (west of 10th),[10] and did not open until October 1928.[11] Construction of the long viaduct section from 10th to 14th began in mid-1928, and the viaduct opened in December 1928.[12]
The bridge's bascule span open
The bridge was originally black, in common with the nearby Steel and Hawthorne spans, but Portland architect Lewis Crutcher suggested in 1961 that each have its own distinct color.[13] The Broadway Bridge was repainted "Golden Gate" red[1][14][15] (also known as international orange)[16] in 1963.[17]
Streetcars originally crossed the bridge from its opening in 1913 until 1940,[18] but by at least 1944, the abandoned tracks had been removed or paved over. Work to reinstall tracks began in 2010,[19] and streetcar service across the bridge resumed in 2012.[20] The Broadway Bridge was also used by trolley buses, from 1937 to 1958.[21] In addition to the Portland Streetcar's A Loop and B Loop lines, one TriMet bus route currently uses the bridge, route 17-Broadway.[22]
Modifications and repairs
Because it is such a complicated bridge there have been frequent repairs to its structure and mechanicals. In 1948, the concrete deck was replaced with steel grating. During 1982, bicycle access was improved through an $18,000 signal and sidewalk upgrade. In order to improve access and reduce energy costs, the sidewalks and lighting were replaced in 2000–2001.[23] The Lovejoy Ramp, the long viaduct to and from 14th Avenue, was removed in 1999 as part of a $12.4 million[24] reconstruction, intended to open up the site of the by-then-abandoned railroad yards for redevelopment.[25] It was rebuilt as a much shorter Lovejoy ramp, from 9th Avenue, which opened in May 2002.[24] A $28 million renovation began in February 2003. Included in this was the replacement of steel grating with a fiber-reinforced polymer composite material called DuraSpan, made by Martin Marietta Materials.[26] The renovation was completed in February 2005.
A streetcar at the west end of the bridge in 2013Lights along the bridge
In July 2010, the bridge was closed to all traffic for two months in order to begin re-installing streetcar infrastructure, for an expansion of the Portland Streetcar system.[19][27] Progress was sufficient to reopen two of four lanes of the bridge on September 4.[28] Streetcar-related construction continued through 2011, including installation of the overhead power equipment. The new streetcar line opened in September 2012 and was known as the CL Line (Central Loop);[20] in 2015, its name was changed to A Loop (clockwise) and B Loop (counterclockwise).
In popular culture
The Broadway Bridge is prominently featured in the climax of the film Untraceable(2008).[29] In the film, FBI agent Jennifer Marsh (Diane Lane) becomes stranded on the east end of the bridge after an online serial killer hacks into her car's computer.[30] The scene was filmed both on location as well as on a studio sound stage. The bridge is also a setting for the 1996 film Foxfire, its most notable appearance being in the final scene when Legs Sadovsky (Angelina Jolie) and Maddy Wirtz (Hedy Burress) decide to part ways.[citation needed]
^Smith, Dwight A.; Norman, James B.; Dykman, Pieter T. (1989). Historic Highway Bridges of Oregon. Oregon Historical Society Press. p. 116. ISBN0-87595-205-4.
^Glomb, Jozef; Peter J. Obst (Translator) (2002) (in English). A man who spanned two eras: The story of bridge engineer Ralph Modjeski. Philadelphia: Kosciuszko Foundation. ISBN978-0-917004-25-4.
^Stewart, Bill (June 10, 1999). "Lovejoy Ramp will soon be a memory". The Oregonian. p. C2.
^"Broadway Bridge Traffic Resumed; Ramp [to 10th] to Stay Closed" (December 19, 1927). The Morning Oregonian, p. 8.
^"Ramp to Be Dedicated; Tenth Street Approach to Be Thrown Open" (October 17, 1928). The Morning Oregonian, p. 13.
^"Lovejoy Ramp Opened; Whole Length of Structure Now Ready for Use" (December 4, 1928). The Morning Oregonian, p. 1.
^Editorial (October 12, 1961). "'Singing' Bridges". The Oregonian, p. 24.
^Editorial (May 28, 1962). "Orange-Red Bridge". The Oregonian, p. 16.
^"The Broadway Bridge". Light The Bridges. Willamette Light Brigade. Retrieved February 10, 2013.
^"Broadway Bridge". The Low/No-Budget Guide to Portland Oregon. Zinester's Guide to Portland. Archived from the original on 2013-05-06. Retrieved 2008-12-22.
^"Broadway Span To Shut Sunday" (June 20, 1963). The Oregonian, Section 2, p. 12.
^Wood, Sharon M. (April 23, 1984). "Robust Broadway Bridge celebrates 71st year in fine shape". The Oregonian, p. B5.
^ abAustin, David (May 3, 2002). "Lovejoy ramp will open for traffic today". The Oregonian. p. C7.
^Gragg, Randy (August 1, 1999). "Romantic's eulogy for Lovejoy Ramp: The old viaduct must move aside for progress, but some of us will lament the loss". The Sunday Oregonian. p. F10.
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