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((Short description|American gangster and murderer))
((refimprove|date=June 2015))
((For|the American musician|Bruce Johnston))((Infobox Criminal
| name   = Bruce Johnston Sr.
| image_size     = 
| image_name     = 
| image_caption  =
| birth_name  =  Bruce Alfred Johnston 
| birth_date  = ((Birth date|1939|3|27))
| death_date  = ((Death date and age|2002|8|8|1939|3|27))
| death_place = [[Graterford, Pennsylvania]], U.S. 
| charge         = Murder of five, attempted murder and theft
| conviction_penalty        = 6 consecutive life sentences 
| spouse         = 
| children       = Bruce Jr. (born 1959) James "Jimmy" Johnston (born 1960) died August 16, 1978
|relatives=sister: Mary Payne (born 1943)<br /> brothers: David (born 1947)<br />  Norman (born 1950)<br/> Manuel (paternal) <br/> James, Jr. (paternal)|parents=Louise Johnston (nee Price) and Passmore Johnston.))

'''Bruce Alfred Johnston Sr.''' (March 27, 1939 &ndash; August 8, 2002) was the leader of one of the most notorious [[gang]]s in the history of [[Pennsylvania]], U.S. The gang started in the 1960s and was rounded up in 1978 after his son, Bruce Jr., testified against him. The 1986 film ''[[At Close Range]]'' is based loosely on Johnston's gang.

==Early years==
Bruce Johnston was a son of Louise and James Johnston, Sr. Along with his brother James, Jr., he was raised by his grandmother Harriet Steffy and great aunt Sarah Martin. Neither of the boys started associating with their father until a few years before Bruce began his criminal activities.

==Gang==
He founded and led the Johnston Gang, which had a wide network and operated primarily in [[Chester County, Pennsylvania|Chester County]], according to a 1980 Pennsylvania Crime Commission report. He and the Johnston Gang also committed crimes in [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]] on several occasions and even crossed the state lines that bordered [[Maryland]] and [[Delaware]]. They primarily engaged in theft, stealing items that ranged from antiques to drugs.

In each break-in or theft, gang members used their skills in picking locks, cracking safes, and disarming or averting security systems. They used [[walkie-talkie]]s and [[police scanner]]s. While doing a job in one part of the county, they would divert the state police by making a false report of criminal activities elsewhere.

===Gang members===
* Bruce Johnston Sr., Gang leader
* David Johnston
* Norman Johnston
* Richard Mitchell, who later became a witness for the State
* James Griffin, who later became a witness for the State
* Edward Otter
* Davis Schonely
* Leslie Dale, who later became a witness for the State
* Gary Wayne Crouch, deceased
* Richard Donnell, who was believed to have drowned fellow gang member Jack W. Baen 
* Roy Meyers, who later became a witness for the State
* Jack W. Baen, who drowned in 1970; murder charges were filed against Leslie Dale and Richard Donnell
* Francis Matherly
* Ancell E. Hamm, who killed two police officers of the Kennett Square Police Department (William Davis and Richard Posey) in 1972 and was sentenced to two consecutive life terms. He was also one of the earliest Johnston Gang members who was convicted.

==Chronology of crimes==


===1971===
In August 1971, the gang targeted the [[Dutch Wonderland]] theme park on [[Lincoln Highway|Lincoln Highway East]]. The police believe that the main culprits were David, Norman, and Bruce, Sr., and that they got away with $33,000 worth of cash and property.

===1972===
Ancell E. Hamm murdered two Kennett Square patrolmen. As a result, police began intensively investigating the gang's activities.

===1975===
The gang broke into the shop at Meadia Heights Country Club in Lancaster, PA. They drilled holes in the side of the shop and disarmed the alarm system, and used dynamite to gain access to a safe. They made off with $15,000 in money and golf equipment, none of which was ever recovered.

===1976===
Janet Gazzerro and her husband Frank were convicted of bribing a juror in the Chester County Common Pleas Court where Bruce Johnston, Sr. and others were accused of the theft of a tractor. Janet and Frank received $83,000 in stolen rugs, jewelry and furs. Janet testified that Bruce Sr. gave her two or three garden tractors; she said she kept two and gave the third to the juror as a bribe. Bruce Sr., David and Norman Johnston, and Roy Myers were acquitted of the theft charges.

When the police were gathering information about the burglary ring, Manheim resident Gary G. Hauck was asked to testify. Hauck had bought a piece of farm equipment but was not aware it was stolen by the Johnston gang in 1976. Police traced the equipment it back to the ring and wanted Hauck to testify about whom he had purchased it from. Hauck, then a self-employed auto-body worker, told a reporter he had gotten a call at 2 a.m. the morning before the preliminary hearing. The caller urged him not to identify anyone at the hearing. To convince Hauck that he wasn't fooling, the caller said Hauck would find dynamite under the seat of his truck, but that it wasn't rigged to explode. Hauck investigated, found five sticks of dynamite, and did not identify anyone at the hearing. Later, during a trial of the brothers, Hauck said he had lied at that hearing because of the threat.

===1977===
April: The brothers transported $21,900 in stolen cigarettes across state lines. 
They all pleaded guilty to this crime in 1981.

May: The three brothers stole $28,000 from [[Longwood Gardens]] in Chester County. 
In 1981 they were serving 2- to 4-year sentences for convictions on state charges for this crime.

===August 1978 victims===
As the Johnston Gang came under increased police surveillance due to their high-profile activities, they began an assassination campaign to eliminate potential witnesses. 

* James "Jimmy" Johnston (18) — murdered August 16, 1978
* Duane Lincoln (17) — murdered August 16, 1978
* Wayne Sampson (20) — murdered August 16, 1978
* James Sampson (24) — murdered August 21, 1978
* Robin Miller (15) (girlfriend of Bruce Johnston Jr.) — murdered August 30, 1978
* Bruce Johnston Jr. (19) — critically injured during an attempted murder - August 30, 1978

==Investigation, arrest, trial and appeal==

===1979===
The brothers were found guilty of stealing farm tractors in Ephrata and selling them to an associate. They were sentenced to 4 to 9 years in prison for the thefts.
Bruce Sr. appealed this conviction, but the police were already hot on the trail of the brothers for murdering the young members of the operation to cover up other burglaries.

===1981===
Bruce was convicted of the murders of Gary Crouch, James Johnston, James Sampson, Robin Miller, Wayne Sampson, and Duane Lincoln and for the attempted murder of Bruce Jr. He received six consecutive life sentences.

David and Norman were convicted of the murders of James Johnston, Robin Miller, Wayne Sampson, and Duane Lincoln. They each received four life sentences.

===1987===
The Johnston brothers returned to the courts seeking new trials. Their attorneys were claiming that in the former trial it wasn't revealed to the defense that key witness James Griffin, a former gang member, had testified under an immunity agreement with the U.S. Attorney's Office. The attorneys wanted to know whether or not he made a similar agreement with local and state authorities in exchange for freedom. On the witness stand Griffin testified that he was never prosecuted for committing about 150 burglaries while a member of the gang.

==Afterward==
David Johnston is serving his sentence in Greene, Pennsylvania. Norman was in [[Huntingdon, Pennsylvania]], but he was transferred to [[Camp Hill, Pennsylvania]], after his 1999 escape. He is currently housed in Forest, Pennsylvania. Bruce was in Graterford, Pennsylvania, until his death in 2002.

When Norman Johnston escaped, Bruce Johnston Sr. and David Johnston were moved to [[solitary confinement]]. Bruce appealed his sentence many times to no avail.

Norman Johnston was featured on ''[[America's Most Wanted]]'' on August 15, 1999.

Three of the "Kiddy Gang" murder victims (Wayne Sampson, 20; Duane Lincoln, 17; and James Johnston, 18) had disappeared in August and were shot and buried near the infamous Devil's Road/Cult House Road [Cossart Road] along the Northern Delaware/Pennsylvania Border in [[Pennsbury Township, Pennsylvania]]. This road is also the location where some of the film ''[[The Village (2004 film)]]'' was filmed.

In 2002, Bruce Johnston Sr. died of liver cancer at the age of 63 in Graterford Prison, Graterford, Pennsylvania.

After testifying against his father, Bruce Johnston Jr. had additional brushes with the law. In 2013, he was arrested on drug delivery charges. "He had the opportunity for a new chance. It did not work out, though. That’s sad," said Joseph Carroll, the former Chester County district attorney who dealt with Johnston Jr. in connection with his testimony against his father and other members of the gang.<ref name=Rellahan>((cite web|url=http://www.southernchestercountyweeklies.com/article/20130228/NEWS01/130229975/bruce-johnston-jr-back-in-the-news-again#full_story|title=Bruce Johnston Jr. back in the news again|last=Rellahan|first=Michael|work=Southern Chester County Weeklies|date=2013-02-28|accessdate=2013-06-10|archive-date=2013-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618050020/http://www.southernchestercountyweeklies.com/article/20130228/NEWS01/130229975/bruce-johnston-jr-back-in-the-news-again#full_story|url-status=dead))</ref>  "I think some of us felt bad for the guy," added Carroll. "You grow up in that environment and what could your future be? My impression was that he was a victim of circumstance in where he grew up." Bruce Jr. currently((When|date=February 2024)) is serving a sentence of 7 to 14 years.

==Books==

[[Bruce Mowday]], a Chester County reporter who covered the Johnstons' trials for the West Chester (Pa.) ''Daily Local News'', wrote ''Jailing the Johnston Gang: Bringing Serial Murderers to Justice'' in 2009. It is published by Barricade Books.
<blockquote>
I spent more than two years of my professional life trailing the investigative team from courtroom to courtroom and to several counties in Pennsylvania following the legal proceedings. I was out at nights when the bodies of the Johnstons' murder victims were unearthed. My most memorable days as a reporter were during the reporting of these murder cases.
</blockquote>

==Quotes (Norman Johnston)==

1999: "We asked him (after his recapture), 'Was it worth it?' and he said, 'Not for 20 days.'"<br /> According to the state police, Norman Johnston was tired, saying, "You [troopers] wouldn't quit."

1999: "I was probed by aliens and that's why I did it."((cn|date=August 2014))

<!-- dummy edit; can be deleted. -->

==Film and television==
The movie ''[[At Close Range]]'' was based on the thefts leading up to the murders in 1978.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0090670/ ''At Close Range''] at the [[Internet Movie Database]]</ref> [[Christopher Walken]] plays Brad Whitewood Sr., the alias in the movie for Bruce Johnston Sr. [[Sean Penn]] plays his son, Brad Whitewood Jr. Terry, Brad Jr.'s girlfriend, is played by [[Mary Stuart Masterson]].

==References==
((reflist))
* ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' (PA), 22 February 1981 by Julia Cass
* ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'' (PA), 9 September 1981 by Julia Cass
* ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'' (PA), 31 May 1987 by Christine M. Johnson
* ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'' (PA), 31 July 1987 by Sara Solovitch
* ''[[Lancaster New Era]]'' (PA), 18 August 1999 by Tom Murse
* ''[[USA Today]]'', 19 August 1999 by Rick Hampson
* [[Associated Press]], 21 August 1999 by Bill Bergstrom
* [[Associated Press]], 13 August 2002

((DEFAULTSORT:Johnston, Bruce Sr.))
[[Category:1939 births]]
[[Category:2002 deaths]]
[[Category:American rapists]]
[[Category:American escapees]]
[[Category:American gangsters]]
[[Category:American murderers of children]]
[[Category:Escapees from Pennsylvania detention]]
[[Category:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment]]
[[Category:American people convicted of murder]]
[[Category:People convicted of murder by Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:American crime bosses]]
[[Category:People from Chester County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:People from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania]]

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