Buinsky District (Russian: Буинский райо́н; Tatar: Буа районы) is a territorial administrative unit and municipality of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. The district is located in the southwest of the republic and occupies a total area of 1,543 square kilometers (596 sq mi). According to the 2010 census, the municipality had a population of 25,101. As of the beginning of 2020, the population had grown to 41,587. The district currently consists of 98 settlements.[4][5]
The administrative center of the district, the town of Buinsk, is not included within the administrative structure of the district. The settlement first appeared in historical records dating to 1703. Its name is derived from the Tatar word “bua”, meaning “dam”.[6]
The terrain of the district is a hilly plain with heights rising to as high as 150–200 meters. The largest river, the Sviyaga, flows between forest-steppe and steppe zones. Its tributaries include the Karla, Bula, Ulema, Tsilna and Malaya Tsilna. Forests cover 9,681 hectares of the region. The local climate is temperate continental which creates favorable conditions for cattle breeding and agriculture. There are 125 archeological monuments on the territory of the region.[8]
Flag and Coat of Arms
The azure and green field is crossed by a thin jagged silver belt; in the azure there is a shining golden sun (without showing its face), and in the greenery there are a bunch of golden sifted wheat placed on the right, followed by a silver scroll with a gold seal on a cord of the same metal coming out on the bottom right and placed on the left.
In June 2006, the Council of the Buinsky municipal district approved its new heraldic insignia. The design was carried out by the Heraldic Council under the President of the Republic of Tatarstan together with the Union of Heraldists of Russia. For centuries the territory of the Buinsky district was a natural divide protecting the region from nomadic raids — this is symbolically represented on the canvas by a jagged dividing line.[10] The sifted wheat allegorizes the developed agriculture of the district; the green field indicates the abundance of local nature and health. The gold color is a symbol of rich harvests, wealth, stability and respect. The setting sun emphasizes the border position of the region and its location in the southwest of the republic. The scroll points to the rich history of the Buinsk lands and as the homeland of outstanding writers, poets, artists and politicians. Silver is a symbol of purity, perfection, peace and tolerance. The blue sky signifies the dignity and spirituality of the locals.[11]
The flag is based on heraldic elements of the coat of arms. A rectangular canvas with a width to length ratio of 2:3 is divided horizontally by a white line into green and blue stripes. The rising sun is depicted in the upper band, and a scroll and sifted wheat are placed on the field.[12]
History
According to available archeological records, the first settlements on the territory of the modern Buinsky district emerged in the Stone Age, that is, approximately X-VI thousand years BC. In the early Middle Ages, the peoples of the Imenkov culture lived here and primarily engaged in agriculture. At the time of Volga Bulgaria, there were already several dozen settlements in this area.[13]
Settlements on the site of the modern town of Buinsk were first mentioned in historical records in the mid-17th century. On September 15, 1780, Empress Catherine the Great granted the village of Buinskoye, also known as Arkhangelskoye, the status of a town.[14]
Until 1921, the territory was part of the Buinsky county (uyezd) of the Simbirsk province. In the 1920s-1930s it belonged to the Buinsky canton. On August 10, 1930, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee adopted a decree on the formation of the district as an independent unit within the Tatar ASSR. In 1959, part of the abolished Tsilninsky district was annexed to the Buinsk district. Four years later the territories of Drozhzhanovsky, Kaibitsky and part of the Apastovsky districts would be joined to the territory, increasing the total area of the canton to 4123 km². In 1966, the Drozhzhanovsky district was again made a separate territory. On January 31, 2005, the Buinsky district was established in its present form by a regional law.[15][16]
As a municipal division, the district is incorporated as the Buinsky Municipal District, with the town of republic significance of Buinsk being incorporated within it as the Buinsk urban settlement. In 1998-2007, the district was headed by Aglyam K. Sadretdinov, followed by Rafael K. Abuzyarov from 2007 to 2013.[17] In 2013, Azat K. Aizetullov was elected to the post of head of the municipal district, holding this position until 2017.[18] Aizetullov was subsequently replaced by Marat A. Zyabbarov who occupied this post until September 2020, when he was transferred to another position. Following Zyabbarov, Ranis R. Kamartdinov became the head of the municipal district.[19][20]
In total, 48.2% of the district's population live the town of Buinsk. According to data from the 2010 census, Tatars make up the majority of the population while 20% are Chuvashs, and 13% are Russians.
Economy
Industry
The region is home to large enterprises such as the local branches of Tatspirtprom and “Tatarstan-sete”, Akhmametevskii elektromekhanicheskii zavod (Akhmametyevsk electromechanical plant), Buinskii mashinostroitelnyi zavod (Buinsky machine-building plant), Sakharnyi zavod (Sugar plant), Buinskii maslosyrkombinat (Buinsk butter and cheese plant), Buinskaia mezhkhoziaistvennaia stroitelnaia organizatciia (Buinsk inter-industrial construction organization), Buinskaya PMK-6, “Gidroservis”, EPU «Buinskgaz” and others.[21] The majority of large enterprises of the region belong to the food industry sector and are mainly located in the administrative center as well as in the village of Laschi.[22] In the first half of 2020, the amount of goods exported by the region amounted to 3.7 billion rubles. This amount exceeded the sum total of exports by the region for the entirety of 2013, which amounted to 3.3 billion rubles.[23]
Agriculture
The region is part of the Predvolzhskaya economic zone and is one of the three most productive agricultural regions in Tatarstan. The leading industries are beet and grain farming, cattle breeding and pig breeding, which collectively account for 95% the annual gross product of the district.[24][25] The district contains 119,300 hectares of farmland, 96,500 hectares of which are arable. The main cultivated crops are spring and winter wheat, rye, barley, peas, and sugar beets. Overall, five agricultural enterprises, 70 farms, 8 limited liability companies, one open joint-stock company and one production and agricultural cooperative operate in the region. Among the leading agricultural enterprises in the district are Niva, Chernov, Druzhba, Avangard, Vamin-Bua, Commune, Bola, Tinchali, Runga, Bua, Churakovo, Cherken, Kiyatskoye and others.[26][27] In the first half of 2020, the region’s gross agricultural output amounted to 1.4 billion rubles.[23]
Investment Potential
In the period from 2010 to 2020, the ratio of the average monthly wage to the minimum consumer budget increased from 1.92 to 2.2. The unemployment rate from 2013 to 2020 rose from 0.66% to 1.74% respectively. According to the Committee of the Republic of Tatarstan for Social and Economic Monitoring, investment in fixed assets from January–June 2020 in the Buinsky district amounted to 978 million rubles, or 0.5% of total investment in Tatarstan. The largest investments were allocated to the development of agriculture, hunting and fishing to the sum of 186 million rubles.[28]
According to the Federal State Statistics Service of the Republic of Tatarstan, the district attracted almost 472 million rubles in investment in 2019. Excluding budget funds and income from small businesses this level of investment in 2019 was 100 million less than in the previous year.[29]
Nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries cover a total of 1688 hectares, of which 1509 hectares belong to the Zeya Buylary reserve. Natural monuments in the district include the Sviyaga River, the park of the Decembrist Vasily P. Ivashev’s family estate, the Novo-Tinchalinskaya marmot colony in the valley of the Bolshaya Taurus River and the Utinskaya marmot colony on the steppe slopes of the Karla River valley.[7][30]
Culture and Society
The district is served by 42 educational institutions, three vocational schools, 42 kindergartens and two supplementary education establishments. Sports facilities in the district include a stadium for 1,500 seats, the ice palace “Arktika”, a sports complex “Dolphin”, children's and youth sports schools “Arktika”, “Batyr” and “Yunost”, as well as a number of gyms and shooting ranges. The district's cultural resources are represented by the House of Culture, 54 clubs, 36 libraries, 3 museums, and 15 school museums. Since 1919, the regional newspaper “Bayrak” (“Banner”) has been published in Russian and Tatar languages. In 1962, a copy of the newspaper in Chuvash (“Yalav”) began to be published. In 2000, the local TV and radio company “Bua dulkynnnary” was founded.[31]
Famous Residents
Medvedeva Maria Grigorievna (1869, the village of Ivashevka in Simbirsk province—1951, Ulyanovsk) — Hero of Labor.[32]
Ivashev, Pyotr Nikiforovich (1767-1838) - Russian military engineer, major general, participant in the Russian-Turkish war, Patriotic War of 1812, and foreign campaigns in 1813-1814.[33]
^"Буинский район. Справка" [The Buinsky District. An Inquiry]. Tatarica. Татарская энциклопедия [Tatarica. Tatarskaia entsiklopediya]. 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
^"Герб Буинского района" [Coat of arms of Buinsky district]. Геральдика.ру [Heraldika.Ru]. April 18, 2007. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
^"Флаг Буинского района" [Flag of Buinsky District]. Геральдика.ру [Heraldika.Ru]. 2007. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
^"Руководители Республики Татарстан" [Leaders of the Republic of Tatarstan]. Государственный комитет РТ по архивному делу [Gosudarstvennyi komitet RT po arkhivnomu delu]. 2020. Archived from the original on April 12, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
^"Буинский район" [The Buinsky District]. Инвестиционный портал Республики Татарстан [Investitsionnaya portal Respubliki Tatarstan]. June 9, 2019. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
^"История Буинского района и города Буинска" [History of Buinsky district and the city of Buinsk]. Буинский муниципальный район [Buinskii munitcipalnyi raion]. 2017. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
^"Основные показатели инвестиционной и строительной деятельности в Республике Татарстан" [Key indicators of investment and construction activities in the Republic of Tatarstan] (PDF). Территориальный орган Федеральной службы государственной статистики по Республике Татарстан [Territorialnyi organ Federalnoi sluzhby gosudarstvennoi statistiki po Respublike Tatarstan]. 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
^"Основные показатели инвестиционной и строительной деятельности в Республике Татарстан" [Key indicators of investment and construction activities in the Republic of Tatarstan] (PDF). Территориальный орган Федеральной службы государственной статистики по Республике Татарстан [Territorialnyi organ Federalnoi sluzhby gosudarstvennoi statistiki po Respublike Tatarstan]. 2019. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
^ ab"Буинский район" [The Buinsky District]. Tatarica. Татарская энциклопедия [Tatarica. Tatarskaya entciklopediia]. 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
^"Медведева Мария Григорьевна" [Medvedeva Maria Grigorievna]. Федеральный сайт РГО, Ульяновское отделение [Federalnyi sait RGO, Ulianovskoe otdelenie]. 2020. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
^Лилия Янушевская [Liliia Ianushevskaia] (2017). "Герой Очакова и Измаила" [Hero of Ochakov and Izmail]. Годы и Люди [Gody i Liudi]. Retrieved December 20, 2020.
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6 ноября 1992 г. «Конституция Республики Татарстан», в ред. Закона №79-ЗРТ от 22 ноября 2010 г. «О внесении изменений в статьи 65 и 76 Конституции Республики Татарстан». Опубликован: "Ведомости Верховного Совета Татарстана", №9–10, ст. 166, 1992. (November 6, 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan, as amended by the Law #79-ZRT of November 22, 2010 On Amending Articles 65 and 76 of the Constitution of the Republic of Tatarstan. ).
Государственный Совет Республики Татарстан. Закон №17-ЗРТ от 31 января 2005 г. «Об установлении границ территорий и статусе муниципального образования "Буинский муниципальный район" и муниципальных образований в его составе», в ред. Закона №150-ЗРТ от 30 декабря 2014 г. «Об изменении границ территорий отдельных муниципальных образований и внесении изменений в Закон Республики Татарстан "Об установлении границ территорий и статусе муниципального образования "Буинский муниципальный район" и муниципальных образований в его составе"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Республика Татарстан", №№18–19, 1 февраля 2005 г. (State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan. Law #17-ZRT of January 31, 2005 On Establishing the Borders of the Territories and the Status of the Municipal Formation of "Buinsky Municipal District" and of the Municipal Formations It Comprises, as amended by the Law #150-ZRT of December 30, 2014 On Changing the Borders of the Territories of Several Municipal Formations and on Amending the Law of the Republic of Tatarstan "On Establishing the Borders of the Territories and the Status of the Municipal Formation of "Buinsky Municipal District" and of the Municipal Formations It Comprises". Effective as of the official publication date.).
Министерство юстиции Республики Татарстан. Приказ №01-02/9 от 4 февраля 2014 г. «Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц и населённых пунктов в Республике Татарстан», в ред. Приказа №01-02/160 от 11 марта 2015 г. «О внесении изменений в Приказ Министерства юстиции Республики Татарстан от 04.02.2014 №01-02/9 "Об утверждении реестра административно-территориальных единиц и населённых пунктов в Республике Татарстан"». Опубликован: Официальный сайт правовой информации Министерства юстиции Республики Татарстан (http://pravo.tatarstan.ru), 27 февраля 2014 г. (Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Tatarstan. Order #01-02/9 of February 4, 2014 On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and Inhabited Localities in the Republic of Tatarstan, as amended by the Order #01-02/160 of March 11, 2015 On Amending the Order of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Tatarstan #01-02/9 of February 4, 2014 "On the Adoption of the Registry of the Administrative-Territorial Units and Inhabited Localities in the Republic of Tatarstan". ).
Государственный Совет Республики Татарстан. Закон №116-ЗРТ от 7 декабря 2005 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Татарстан», в ред. Закона №54-ЗРТ от 2 июля 2015 г. «О внесении изменения в статью 14 Закона Республики Татарстан "Об административно-территориальном устройстве Республики Татарстан"». Вступил в силу через три месяца со дня официального опубликования, за исключением части второй статьи 31, которая вступает в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Республика Татарстан", №247, 10 декабря 2005 г. (State Council of the Republic of Tatarstan. Law #116-ZRT of December 7, 2005 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Tatarstan, as amended by the Law #54-ZRT of July 2, 2015 On Amending Article 14 of the Law of the Republic of Tatarstan "On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Tatarstan". Effective as of the day which is three months after the day of the official publication, with the exception of part two of Article 31, which takes effect on the day of the official publication.).
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