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((Short description|WWI military occupation))((Use mdy dates|date=October 2012))((About|Bulgarian occupation of Albania during First World War||Albania under the Bulgarian Empire))((More citations needed|date=October 2023))
The '''Bulgarian occupation of Albania''' was an [[Military occupation|occupation]] of the eastern parts of [[Principality of Albania|Albania]] by the [[Kingdom of Bulgaria]]'s army during [[World War I]]. It lasted from December 10, 1915, when the [[Bulgarian army]] after [[Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)|had occupied then Eastern Serbia]], crossed the [[Drin river]] and entered [[Albania (toponym)|Albania]],<ref name="Pearson2004103">((cite book|last=Pearson|first=Owen|title=Albania and King Zog: independence, republic and monarchy 1908–1939|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3_Sh3y9IMZAC&pg=PA103 |quote= December 10–11th; The Bulgarians crossed the Drin into Albania and attacked Serbian positions along the crest of Jablanica mountain range|access-date= January 11, 2011|year=2004|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=978-1-84511-013-0|page=103))</ref> until September 9, 1917, when French troops captured [[Pogradec]] from the Bulgarian army.<ref name="Pearson2004103"/>

== Background ==
During the [[First World War]] the territory of [[Albania (toponym)|Albania]] was fragmented by several countries that occupied various parts of Albania. The [[Kingdom of Bulgaria]] used its army to occupy the eastern part of Albania, while [[Austria-Hungary]] occupied the northern and western parts.<ref>((cite web| url        =http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1933.html| title        =King Zog Tells his Story to Herman Bernstein, former United States Minister to Albania.| first        =Ahmed| last        =Zogu| author-link        =Ahmed Zogu| publisher        =YIVO Institute for Jewish Research| location        =New York| archive-url        =https://web.archive.org/web/20110717005134/http://www.albanianhistory.net/texts20_1/AH1933.html| archive-date        =July 17, 2011| access-date        =January 11, 2011| quote        =while South Albania was being oppressed by the Greeks, Valona by the Italians, the east by the Bulgarians, and the rest of the country by the Austrians.| url-status        =dead| df        =mdy-all))</ref><ref>((cite book |last1= Vickers |first1= Miranda |title=The Albanians: A modern history |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=IzI0uOZ2j6gC&q=The+Albanians:+a+modern+history+By+Miranda+Vickers |access-date= January 11, 2011 |year= 2006 |orig-year= 1995 |publisher= I.B. Tauris |location= London |isbn= 1-86064-541-0 |page= 88 |chapter=The reign of Prince Wied |chapter-url= https://books.google.com/books?id=IzI0uOZ2j6gC&q=republic+of+kor%C3%A7%C3%AB&pg=PA90 |quote= Bulgarians were pushing into Albania from the East. ))</ref> After the beginning of the Bulgaria's engagement in [[First World War]] on the side of the [[Central Powers]] in autumn 1915, many ethnic [[Albanians]] joined Bulgaria in their fight against Serbia, and were given arms.<ref>((cite book| last       = Bataković| first      = Dušan
| author-link = Dušan T. Bataković| editor        = Ivan Čolović| title         = The Kosovo Chronicles| url           = http://balkania.tripod.com/resources/history/kosovo_chronicles/index.html
| access-date    = January 8, 2011| year      = 1992
| publisher = Knjižara Plato| location  = Belgrade| isbn      = 86-447-0006-5| chapter   = Albanian Incursions into Serbia| chapter-url    = http://www.rastko.rs/kosovo/istorija/kosovo_chronicles/kc_part2d.html| quote         = The beginning of the German-Austro-Hungarian offensive against Serbia in autumn, 1915, Bulgaria's engagement in war on the side of the Central Powers and its attack on Serbia, ... Masses of ethnic Albanians recruited into the Serbian army became deserters, and many joined the Bulgarians who gave them arms...Essad Pasha ... fought ... against Albanian companies that joined Austro-Hungarian and Bulgarian troops.))</ref> Among them were [[Sali Butka]], a south Albanian guerrilla leader,<ref name="Pearson2004103"/> Hysejn Nikolica<ref name="Pearson2004103"/> and [[Themistokli Gërmenji]] (until December 1916).<ref>((citation | last = Clayer | first = Nathalie | title =Aux origines du nationalisme albanais: la naissance d'une nation| publisher = Karthala |page= 666| year = 2007| isbn = 978-2-84586-816-8|quote= ... ce personnage alla dans le sens d'une cooperation avec les Bulgares.... | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=umotBF3KFWgC&q=Themistokli+G%C3%ABrmenji&pg=PA666))</ref>
== Events ==
On December 10, 1915, the [[Bulgarian army]] crossed the [[Drin river]], entered [[Albania (toponym)|Albania]], and attacked the positions of the retreating [[Serbian army]].<ref name="Pearson2004103"/> On the same day, near [[Dibra]], the Bulgarian army advanced into the valley of river [[Mat (river)|Mat]], threatening to capture [[Shkodra]] and [[Lezhë]].<ref name="Pearson2004103"/>

A company from the twenty-third [[infantry]] [[regiment]] of the Bulgarian army under the command of captain Serafimov occupied [[Elbassan]] on January 29, 1916.<ref name="Pearson2004103"/>

There was a rivalry between the [[Kingdom of Bulgaria]] and Austria-Hungary in establishing their influence in [[Albania (toponym)|Albania]].<ref name="Pearson2004103"/> Attempting to establish its influence in Albania, Bulgaria allowed [[Ahmed Zogu]] to establish his administration in Elbasan and supported him in his attempts to revive support for the regime of [[Wilhelm of Wied]].<ref name="Pearson2004103"/> The double invasion by Austria-Hungary and [[Kingdom of Bulgaria]] and a lack of support by the [[Kingdom of Serbia]] or [[Italy]], forced [[Essad Pasha Toptani]] to leave his proclaimed [[Republic of Central Albania]] on February 24, 1916, when he again [[Declaration of war|declared war]] against Austria-Hungary.<ref name="Pearson2004103"/>

In March 1916 the army of Austria-Hungary took over control of [[Elbasan]]<ref name="Pearson2004103"/> from the Bulgarian army which then headed toward [[Berat]].<ref>((cite web
| url         = https://archive.org/stream/timeshistoryofwa12londuoft/timeshistoryofwa12londuoft_djvu.txt
| title       = The Times history of the war
| work   = The Times
| location    = London
| format      = txt
| access-date  = January 11, 2011
| quote       = Akif Pasha, actually set up a Provisional Government, though apparently with Austrian approval, in Elbasan. The Bulgarians shifted their centre of intrigue – farther south to Berat.
))</ref> Bulgaria had an idea to persuade Albanian leaders to elect [[Prince Kiril of Bulgaria|Prince Kiril]], second son of [[Ferdinand I of Bulgaria]], for their king (mbret).<ref>((cite web
| url         = https://archive.org/stream/timeshistoryofwa12londuoft/timeshistoryofwa12londuoft_djvu.txt
| title       = The Times history of the war
| work   = The Times
| location    = London
| format      = txt
| access-date = January 11, 2011
| quote       = About this time they seem to have been coquetting with the idea of persuading certain of the Albanian leaders to elect Prince Cyril, second son of Tsar Ferdinand, Mbret of Albania.
))</ref>
On August 18, 1916 the [[Bulgarian army]], joining the Austrian forces in [[Albania (toponym)|Albania]] in a combined attack against the Italian army, expanded their occupied territory as far as [[Korçë]] ejecting the Greek garrison from that territory.<ref>((cite web
| url         = https://archive.org/stream/timeshistoryofwa12londuoft/timeshistoryofwa12londuoft_djvu.txt
| title       = The Times history of the war
| work   = The Times
| location    = London
| format      = txt
| access-date  = January 11, 2011
| quote       = In their invasion of August 18 the Bulgarians had pushed west as far as Koritsa (S.W. of Lake Prespa), whence they ejected the Greek garrison.
))</ref><br> 
[[Sali Butka]], the south Albanian guerrilla leader who had joined with his lot the invading armies of Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria, burned [[Moscopole]], near [[Korçë]], on October 16, 1916.<ref name="Pearson2004103"/> At that time the Bulgarian army held [[Pogradec]] under occupation, together with the [[Austro-Hungarian Army|army of Austria-Hungary]].((citation needed|date=April 2020))
[[File:Serbia-WW1-4.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Italian advance in Southern Albania, Autumn 1916]]
Shortly after, the [[Italian army]] advanced, taking over [[Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus|Northern Epirus from the Greeks]], and the [[French army]] occupied [[Korçë]]. On October 25, 1916, it was announced that the Italians were now in touch with the [[Allies of World War I|allied left wing in Macedonia]].<ref>((cite web
| url         = https://archive.org/stream/timeshistoryofwa12londuoft/timeshistoryofwa12londuoft_djvu.txt
| title       = The Times history of the war
| work   = The Times
| location    = London
| format      = txt
| access-date  = January 11, 2011
| quote       = Italian Expeditionary Force made its way through the broken country of Northern Epirus. and on October 25 it was announced that it was in touch with the Allies'" left wing, where, about the same time, the French occupied Koritsa.
))</ref>

In September 1917 general [[Maurice Sarrail]] undertook an action against the armies of Austria-Hungary and [[Kingdom of Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] in Albania. Together with the armies of Bulgaria and Austria-Hungary, there were [[Albanians]], led by Hysejn Nikolica, which fought against the French.<ref name="Pearson2004103"/>
But without success: On September 9, 1917 French troops captured [[Pogradec]], ending the Bulgarian occupation of Albania.<ref name="Pearson2004103"/>

== References ==
((Reflist|30em))((World War I))
[[Category:Albania in World War I]]
[[Category:Bulgaria in World War I]]
[[Category:Albania–Bulgaria relations]]

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