There are six business routes of US Highway 131 in the state of Michigan, and previously there was one bypass route and an additional business route. All of the business routes are former sections of US Highway 131 (US 131). These former sections of the mainline highway, along with the necessary connecting roads, allow traffic to access the downtowns business districts of cities bypassed by sections of US 131 built since the 1950s. The extant business loops connect to Constantine, Three Rivers, Kalamazoo, Big Rapids, Cadillac, and Manton. The former bypass route in Grand Rapids allowed traffic to bypass that city's downtown at a time when US 131 still ran through the heart of the city, and the later business route connected through downtown while US 131 ran on a freeway bypassing the central business district.
Business US Highway 131 (Bus. US 131) is a business loop running through downtown Constantine. It starts south of the village in Constantine Township near some farm fields and runs northward. The highway passes a mobile home park and a couple of businesses before veering northwesterly on Washington Street through a residential neighborhood on the south side of Constantine. Bus. US 131 crosses the St. Joseph River and then turns northeasterly on Broad Street. The loop runs parallel to the banks of the river as the highway exits the northern side of the village. Bus. US 131 ends in Constantine Township where it intersects the northern end of the Constantine Bypass.[3][4]
The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) has been studying a freeway upgrade for US 131 through St. Joseph County for several years. In late 2005, MDOT decided not to pursue an upgrade of the highway, but rescinded that decision in April 2006[5] under political pressure in the state.[6] The department began building a two-lane bypass west of Constantine.[7] The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, which is in charge of US Highway numbering assignments and routings, approved the relocation of the US 131 designation out of Constantine on November 16, 2012. The group's Special Committee on U.S. Route Numbering also approved the creation of a business route for the old highway through town.[8] The bypass opened on October 30, 2013,[1] and the business route designation was put into service that day.[9]
Business US Highway 131 (Bus. US 131) is a three-mile-long (4.8 km) business loop running through downtown Three Rivers. It follows M-60 (Michigan Avenue) eastward from a commercial district on the main highway into downtown. Bus. US 131/M-60 passes through a residential neighborhood and crosses the Rocky River near its confluence with the St. Joseph River. On the east side of the river, the business loop turns north-northwesterly onto Main Street, separating from M-60 at an intersection that also features M-86. Bus. US 131 (Main Street) passes several more businesses and turns due north through a residential area. Near the northern terminus, the business loop passes a handful of businesses before ending at an intersection with US 131 on the north side of town.[12][13]
The Three Rivers Bypass opened in the middle of 1953, and the former route of the highway through downtown was redesignated as the business loop at that time.[10][11]
Business US Highway 131 (Bus. US 131) is a 4.2-mile-long (6.8 km) business spur running north of downtown Kalamazoo. North of downtown, Westnedge Avenue curves northeasterly to run next to Park Street, and the two streets form the opposing two-lane carriageways of a freeway; this transition point marks the southern end of Bus. US 131. This freeway runs north and then turns westward. There is a half folded diamond interchange for Douglas Avenue. West of that interchange, the freeway turns northwesterly, passing between suburban residential subdivisions before terminating at a partial interchange with US 131. At this endpoint, northbound Bus. US 131 traffic must enter northbound US 131, and only southbound US 131 traffic has access to the southbound direction of the business loop.[16][17]
On December 7, 1959, the I-94/US 12 freeway opened on the south side of Kalamazoo,[18] and US 12 was shifted to follow the new freeway. The former route through downtown Kalamazoo and along Stadium Drive was redesignated Bus. US 12.[19] The next year, it was renumbered BL I-94.[20] In 1963, the US 131 freeway opened on the northwest side of Kalamazoo. US 131 followed M-43 eastward from the end of the freeway into the downtown area to reconnect to its original routing along Westnedge and Park.[21][22] The next year, another section of US 131 opened southwest of Kalamazoo, and US 131 was rerouted out of downtown completely.[14][22] The freeway section north of downtown opened in 1964, and Bus. US 131 was designated along it into downtown and along BL I-94 back out to the US 131 freeway west of downtown.[14][15] Later in 1965, Kalamazoo and Michikal avenues were transferred to state jurisdiction to set up the one-way pairing east–west through downtown. Kalamazoo and Michikal are then signed as southbound Bus. US 131 from Westnedge Avenue to Stadium Drive while Main Street and Michigan Avenue continued to serve northbound traffic only between Stadium Drive and Park Street.[15][23] In January 2019, the City of Kalamazoo accepted jurisdiction of the streets that formed sections of state highways within the city. In doing so, Bus. US 131 was truncated such that it only runs north of downtown on its freeway segment through Kalamazoo Township to the US 131 freeway.[24]
Bypass US Highway 131 (Byp. US 131) was a bypass route around downtown Grand Rapids. The highway followed 28th Street eastward from the intersection with US 131 (Division Street) south of downtown. From this starting point eastward, it ran concurrently with Byp. US 16 and Byp M-21. M-37 also followed 28th Street at the time eastward from the intersection at Kalamazoo Avenue. At the intersection with East Beltline and Broadmoor avenues in Paris Township (now Kentwood), Byp.US 16/Byp. US 131/Byp.M-21 turned northward to follow East Beltline, and M-37 turned southward on Broadmoor. The bypass route continued northward through Grand Rapids Township. At the intersection with US 16/M-50 (Cascade Road), Byp. US 16 ended, and Byp. M-21 ended less than half a mile (0.4 km) north of that at the intersection with M-21 (Fulton Street). North of the intersection with Fulton Street, Byp. US 131 was the only designation along East Beltline Avenue at the time. The highway ran northward into Plainfield Township, and it terminated at an intersection with US 131 at Plainfield Avenue and Northland Drive just south of the Grand River.[26]
By 1945, Byp. US 131, along with the other various bypass routes, was designated along the Grand Rapids beltline system, replacing M-114. Byp. US 131 followed the south beltline (28th Street) and East Beltline Avenue between Division Avenue and Plainfield Avenue, allowing north–south traffic to bypass downtown Grand Rapids.[25] In late 1949, M-37 was rerouted onto 28th Street between Kalamazoo and East Beltline/Broadmoor avenues.[28][29] Then in 1953, US 131 was rerouted onto the beltlines to replace its bypass route; the former mainline through downtown was redesignated Bus. US 131.[26][27]
Major intersections
The entire highway was in Kent County.
Business US Highway 131 (BUS US 131) was a 2.4-mile-long (3.9 km) business loop running through downtown Grand Rapids. The southern end was at a partial interchange with US 131 south of the S-Curve near the Grand River. Only northbound traffic on US 131 could directly access the business loop at this interchange, running northward on a long ramp that connects to Ottawa Avenue at an intersection with Cherry Street. Bus. US 131 followed Ottawa Avenue northward between parking lots, and after one block, it turned eastward onto Oakes Street immediately south of the Van Andel Arena. The business loop traveled three blocks along Oakes Street past commercial properties before turning northward onto Division Street. As the highway ran along Division Street, it passed the various businesses, the campuses of Kendall College of Art and Design and Grand Rapids Community College. It also passed under Michigan Avenue at the base of the hill that makes up the Medical Mile. Immediately north of the Michigan Avenue overpass, Bus. US 131 passed under Interstate 196 (I-196) without an interchange. Division Street here runs at the base of Belknap Hill through an area of the city dominated by industrial-type properties. North of an intersection with Coldbrook Street, the business loop switched to Plainfield Avenue and turned northeasterly. One block later, Bus. US 131 turned westward onto Leonard Street. The business loop followed Leonard for a few blocks and then crossed the Grand River. On the western bank of the river, Bus. US 131 met its parent highway at exit 87 and terminated. The streets that carried the business loop have either two or four lanes with an additional center turn lane.[31][32]
The designation was created when US 131 was rerouted on the Grand Rapids beltline system in 1953. Previously, a Bypass US 131 (Byp. US 131) designation was used on the beltline system following 28th Street and East Beltline Avenue. After the change, the former mainline through downtown on Division Street and Plainfield Avenue was redesignated Bus. US 131, and the mainline US 131 replaced Byp. US 131.[26][27] In 1961, the US 131 freeway was extended northward to the west of downtown, and between 28th Street and the downtown exit, it was initially designated as part of Bus. US 131.[33][34] In December 1962, the I-296/US 131 freeway was completed west of downtown.[35] Afterwards, Bus. US 131 was truncated on its southern end to the modern exit 84B interchange on the south side of downtown. At the same time, the northern end was also truncated, using Coldbrook Street and Monroe Avenue to Leonard Street to connect back to the freeway.[34][36]
In 1986, the city and state transferred jurisdiction over some streets at the northern end of the business loop, smoothing out the routing of the northern end of Bus. US 131 and eliminating some extra turns between Plainfield Avenue and Leonard Street.[37][38] The construction of the Van Andel Arena in 1995 and 1996 severed the connection from southbound Bus. US 131 to US 131.[39][40] This gap was rejoined with the reconstruction of the "S-Curve" in 1999.[41][42] In August 2017, the city and MDOT announced that jurisdiction of the business loop was being transferred to city control, decommissioning the trunkline in the process.[43] Jurisdiction was transferred in December, and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials approved the removal of the designation in May 2018.[30]
Business US Highway 131 (Bus. US 131) is a 6.9-mile-long (11.1 km) business loop running through downtown Big Rapids. The southern end of the highway is at an interchange with US 131 and M-20 west of downtown in Big Rapids Township. At this interchange, M-20 leaves the freeway to run concurrently eastward with the business loop along the four-lane Perry Street into town. Bus. US 131/M-20 passes several commercial properties on the western edge of Big Rapids before crossing the city limits. South of Perry Street in the city is part of the campus of Ferris State University, including Katke Golf Course; the north side of the street contains various businesses. At the intersection with State Street, Bus. US 131/M-20 turns northward toward downtown Big Rapids, passing the northern end of the FSU campus. North of campus, the business loop passes through residential neighborhoods. At the intersection with Maple Street immediately west of downtown, M-20 turns easterly and separates from Bus. US 131. North of the downtown area, State Street ends, and the business loop follows Northland Drive parallel to the Muskegon River. On the northern edge of the city, the highway passes Roben–Hood Airport before exiting town as a two-lane road. Running in a rural area in Big Rapids Township, the business loop turns westward onto 19 Mile Road. Bus. US 131 ends at an interchange with US 131 and County Road B-96.[3][46]
In 1983 with the extension of the US 131 freeway west of Big Rapids to the interchange with 19 Mile Road, the former route of US 131 through Big Rapids on State Street and Northland Drive north of Perry Street was designated as a business loop, using M-20 (Perry Street) to connect back to the freeway on the southern end. At the time, 19 Mile Road between the freeway Northland Drive was used by the mainline to connect to its pre-existing routing north of Big Rapids to Reed City.[44][45] The US 131 freeway was completed north of 19 Mile Road in 1986, and Bus. US 131 was extended over the 19 Mile Road portion of US 131 to connect with its parent route at exit 142 northwest of Big Rapids.[47][48]
Major intersections
The entire highway is in Mecosta County.
Business US Highway 131 (Bus. US 131) is a 5.60-mile-long (9.01 km) business loop running through downtown Cadillac. The southern end is at an interchange with US 131/M-55 in Clam Lake Township south of Cadillac, and the business loop runs northward along Mitchell Street away from the freeway, passing several businesses and the Maple Hill Cemetery. North of the cemetery, Mitchell Street descends a hill through a residential neighborhood south of downtown. At Howard Street, the business loop turns northwesterly into downtown near Lake Cadillac. North of downtown, Mitchell Street turns more northerly and passes the Wexford County Civic Center. At the intersection with Boon Road next to the Wexford County Airport, Bus. US 131 turns eastward onto Boon Road to connect back to the freeway in Haring Township. The business loop has at least four lanes, two in each direction, and some segments also feature a center turn lane.[3][50]
The Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) started construction of a freeway bypass of Cadillac in 1999.[51] With the completion of the southern half of the bypass in 2000, M-55 was rerouted out of town along the new freeway.[52] Once the northern half of the bypass was completed on October 30, 2001, US 131 was rerouted out of town along the new highway to the end of the freeway where it joined the old alignment north of town. Mitchell Street through downtown Cadillac was redesignated as Bus. US 131.[49]
Major intersections
The entire highway is in Wexford County.
Business US Highway 131 (Bus. US 131) is a 5+2⁄3-mile-long (9.1 km) business loop running through downtown Manton. The business loop starts at an interchange with US 131 and M-42 east of downtown Manton in Cedar Creek Township. Bus. US 131 runs concurrently with M-42 for about a mile (1.6 km) westerly into town along a roadway with a travel lane in each direction separated by a center turn lane. At the intersection with Michigan Avenue (Old US 131), M-42 terminates and Bus. US 131 turns northward onto Michigan Avenue. The business loop runs through downtown Manton before exiting the northern end of town. North of Manton, the turn lane is eliminated, and the surrounding landscapes are dominated by farm fields broken by intermittent patches of forest. Bus. US 131 curves northwesterly before returning to a due northward course. As the business loop approaches northern end of the freeway mainline in Liberty Township, it curves northeasterly to meet it at an at-grade intersection.[3][55]
With the completion of the Manton Bypass in 2003, US 131 was rerouted out of downtown Manton. The former route through town was designated Bus. US 131, using M-42 to connect back to the freeway east of town.[53][54]
Major intersections
The entire highway is in Wexford County.
^ abcdMichigan Department of Transportation (2015). Pure Michigan: State Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:975,000. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. §§ H9, I9, J9, N9. OCLC42778335, 900162490.
^Michigan Department of Transportation (2014). Pure Michigan: State Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:975,000. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. § N9. OCLC42778335, 900162490.
^ abMichigan State Highway Department (April 15, 1953). Official Highway Map (Map). [c. 1:918,720]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. § N9. OCLC12701120.
^ abMichigan State Highway Department (October 1, 1953). Official Highway Map (Map). [c. 1:918,720]. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. § N9. OCLC12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
^Michigan Department of Transportation (2015). Pure Michigan: State Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:975,000. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. § N9. OCLC42778335, 900162490.
^ abcMichigan State Highway Department (1964). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Kalamazoo inset. OCLC12701120, 81213707. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
^ abcMichigan State Highway Department (1965). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Kalamazoo inset. OCLC12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
^Michigan Department of Transportation (2019). Truck Operator's Map(PDF) (Map). c. 1:221,760. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Kalamazoo inset.
^Michigan State Highway Department (1960). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Kalamazoo inset. OCLC12701120, 81552576. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1960)
^Michigan State Highway Department (1961). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Kalamazoo inset. OCLC12701120, 51857665. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1961)
^Michigan State Highway Department (1962). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Kalamazoo inset. OCLC12701120, 173191490. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
^ abMichigan State Highway Department (1963). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Kalamazoo inset. OCLC12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
^Michigan Department of State Highways (1966). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan Department of State Highways. Kalamazoo inset. OCLC12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
^ abMichigan State Highway Department (October 1, 1945). Official Highway Map of Michigan (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Grand Rapids inset. OCLC554645076.
^ abcdeMichigan State Highway Department (April 15, 1953). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Grand Rapids inset. OCLC12701120.
^ abcdMichigan State Highway Department (October 1, 1953). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Grand Rapids inset. OCLC12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
^Michigan State Highway Department (July 1, 1949). Michigan Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Grand Rapids inset. OCLC12701120.
^Michigan State Highway Department (April 15, 1950). Michigan Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Grand Rapids inset. OCLC12701120.
^Michigan Department of Transportation (2015). Pure Michigan: State Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:221,760. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Grand Rapids inset. OCLC42778335, 900162490.
^Michigan State Highway Department (1961). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Grand Rapids inset. OCLC12701120, 51857665. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center. (Includes all changes through July 1, 1961)
^ abMichigan State Highway Department (1962). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Grand Rapids inset. OCLC12701120, 173191490. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
^"Driver's Boon: Int. 296 Opening Finishes City Freeway, Links Kalamazoo, Muskegon". The Grand Rapids Press. December 17, 1962. p. A1. OCLC9975013.
^Michigan State Highway Department (1963). Official Highway Map (Map). Scale not given. Lansing: Michigan State Highway Department. Grand Rapids inset. OCLC12701120. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
^Michigan Department of Transportation (1986). Yes Michigan: Official Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:190,080. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Grand Rapids inset. OCLC12701177. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
^Michigan Department of Transportation (1987). Yes Michigan: Official Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:190,080. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Grand Rapids inset. OCLC12701177. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
^Michigan Department of Transportation (1995). Michigan Department of Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:190,080. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Grand Rapids inset. OCLC42778335, 32885070. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
^Michigan Department of Transportation (1996). Michigan Department of Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:190,080. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Grand Rapids inset. OCLC42778335, 41545375.
^Michigan Department of Transportation (1999). Michigan Department of Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:190,080. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Grand Rapids inset. OCLC42778335, 55974644. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
^Michigan Department of Transportation (2000). Department of Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:190,080. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. Grand Rapids inset. OCLC42778335, 62107754.
^Michigan Department of Transportation (1986). Yes Michigan: Official Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:918,720. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. § J9. OCLC12701177. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
^Michigan Department of Transportation (1987). Yes Michigan: Official Transportation Map (Map). c. 1:918,720. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. § J9. OCLC12701177. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
^ abBornheimer, Hank (October 27, 2001). "Temporary Recreation Trail Ready for Traffic—You Can Walk, Run, Skate or Bike the Cadillac Bypass—until Tuesday". The Grand Rapids Press. p. A1. OCLC9975013.
^Heinlein, Gary (February 4, 1999). "State to Spend $6.5B on Roads: Metro Detroit to Get Lion's Share Under Engler's 5-Year Plan". The Detroit News. p. 1A. ISSN1055-2715.
^Bauza, Margarita (November 15, 2000). "Cadillac Hears Sounds of Silence Thanks to Bypass". The Grand Rapids Press. p. D1. OCLC9975013.
^ abMichigan Department of Transportation (2003). Michigan: Official Department of Transportation Map (Map) (2003–2004 ed.). c. 1:918,720. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. § H9. OCLC42778335. Retrieved October 17, 2019 – via Michigan History Center.
^ abMichigan Department of Transportation (2004). Michigan: Official Department of Transportation Map (Map) (2003–2004 ed.). c. 1:975,000. Lansing: Michigan Department of Transportation. § H9. OCLC42778335, 53197160.
