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((Short description|Early online bulletin board system (created 1978)))
((For|the Canadian radio station|CBBS-FM))
((refimprove|date=February 2011))
[[Image:CBBS Login.svg|thumb|400px|Splashscreen of the CBBS/Chicago (1978)]]
[[Image:Ward Christensen and the First BBS cropped.jpg|right|thumb|320px|Ward Christensen and the CBBS (2005)]]
[[Image:CBBS S-100 Hardware.png|thumb|The first S-100 Hardware of the CBBS/Chicago (2005)]]
'''CBBS''' ("'''Computerized Bulletin Board System'''") was a [[computer program]] created by [[Ward Christensen]] and [[Randy Suess]] to allow them and other computer [[hobby]]ists to exchange information between each other. <ref>((cite news |last1=Suess |first1=Randy |title=Randy Suess, Computer Bulletin Board Inventor, Dies at 74 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/20/technology/randy-suess-dead.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |date=20 December 2019 |accessdate=2019-12-22))</ref> <ref>((cite web |url=http://software.bbsdocumentary.com/AAA/AAA/CBBS/ |title=CUSTOMIZED: S-100 KIT COMPUTER: CBBS |accessdate=2014-07-18))</ref><ref name="BBSDocEP1">Jason Scott: ((Internet Archive|id=BBS.The.Documentary|name=BBS: The Documentary (series))), 2005, Episode&nbsp;1</ref>

In January 1978, [[Chicago]] was hit by the [[Great Blizzard of 1978]], which dumped record amounts of snow throughout the Midwest. Among those caught in the storm were Christensen and Suess, who were members of CACHE, the Chicago Area Computer Hobbyists' Exchange. They had met at that [[computer club (user group)|computer club]] in the mid-1970s and become friends.

Christensen had created a file transfer [[communication protocol|protocol]] for sending binary [[computer file]]s through [[modem]] connections, which was called, simply, MODEM. Later improvements to the program motivated a name change into the now familiar [[XMODEM]]. The success of this project encouraged further experiments. CACHE members frequently shared programs and had long been discussing some form of file transfer using modems, and Christensen was naturally at the center of these discussions; however, Suess in particular was skeptical of accomplishing such a project by a volunteer committee. Christensen and Suess became enamored of the extended idea of creating a computerized answering machine and message center, which would allow members to call in with their then-new modems and leave announcements for upcoming meetings.

However, they needed some quiet time to set aside for such a project, and the blizzard gave them that time. Christensen worked on the software and Suess cobbled together an [[S-100 bus|S-100]] computer to put the program on.<ref>((cite book |author1=Eric Gottfrid Swedin |author2=David L. Ferro |title=Computers: The Life Story of a Technology |date=2005 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=0313331499 |page=[https://archive.org/details/computerslifesto0000swed/page/120 120] |edition=Illustrated |url=https://archive.org/details/computerslifesto0000swed/page/120 ))</ref> They had a working version within two weeks, but claimed soon afterwards that it had taken four so that it wouldn't seem like a "rushed" project. Time and tradition have settled that date to be February 16, 1978.<ref>((cite web |url=http://chinet.com/html/cbbs.php |title=The Birth of the BBS |accessdate=2007-02-18 |last=Christensen |first=Ward |authorlink=Ward Christensen |author2=Suess, Randy |year=1989 |publisher=Chinet))</ref> Christensen and Suess described their innovation in an article entitled "Hobbyist Computerized Bulletin Board" in the November 1978 issue of ''[[Byte (magazine)|Byte]]'' magazine.<ref>((cite magazine |url=http://www.devili.iki.fi/library/issue/240.en.html |title=Hobbyist Computerized Bulletin Board |accessdate=2009-11-06 |last=Christensen |first=Ward |authorlink=Ward Christensen |author2=Suess, Randy  |date=November 1978  |publisher=Byte Magazine, vol 3 no 11 |pages=150–157))</ref>

Because the Internet was still small and not available to most computer users, users had to dial CBBS directly using a modem. Also because the CBBS hardware and software supported only a single modem for most of its existence, users had to take turns accessing the system, each hanging up when done to let someone else have access. Despite these limitations, the system was seen as very useful, and ran for many years and inspired the creation of many other [[bulletin board system]]s.<ref>((cite book | authorlink = Christos J. P. Moschovitis, Hilary Poole, Tami Schuyler & Theresa M. Senft | title = History of the Internet | publisher = ABC-Clio | year = 1999 | isbn = 1-57607-118-9 | url = https://archive.org/details/historyofinterne0000unse ))</ref>
Ward & Randy would often watch the users while they were online and comment or go into chat if the subject warranted. At times, online users wondered if Ward & Randy actually existed.

The program had many forward thinking ideas, now accepted as [[wiktionary:canon|canonical]] in the creation of message bases or "forums".

As Christensen and Suess went their separate ways, the CBBS name lived on, and survives to an extent as a web-based forum on Suess' website, [http://chinet.com chinet.com]. Christensen's version of CBBS, called "Ward's Board", closed in the early 1990s.

On February 16, 2003, Chicago's Mayor [[Richard M. Daley]] declared the day "BBS" day in honor of the world's first BBS being created 25 years ago that day.<ref>((Citation
  | last = Kampert
  | first = Patrick
  | title = Low-key pioneer
  | newspaper = Chicago Tribune
  | date = 16 February 2003
  | url =http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2003-02-16/features/0302160428_1_bbs-computer-bulletin-board/2
  | accessdate = <!-----02 May 2010----->))</ref> An article with a photo of Ward and the CBBS hardware appeared shortly thereafter in the [[Chicago Tribune]].

There is still at least one active CBBS system as of August 2020. <ref>((cite web |title=CBBS/NV |url=https://www.telnetbbsguide.com/bbs/cbbs-nv/|website=Telnet BBS Guide |date=15 July 2020 |accessdate=2 August 2020))</ref>

==See also==
*[[Bulletin board system]]

==References==
((reflist))

[[Category:Bulletin board system software]]
[[Category:History of Chicago]]
[[Category:Pre–World Wide Web online services]]
[[Category:CP/M software]]

https://archive.org/details/byte-magazine-1978-11-rescan

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