Walther Leisler Kiep, 1989.
Helmut Kohl, 1987.

The CDU donations scandal was a political scandal resulting from the illegal forms of party financing used by the German Christian Democratic Union (CDU) during the 1990s. These included accepting hidden donations, the non-disclosure of cash donations, the maintenance of secret bank accounts, and illegal wire transfers to and from foreign banks.

The scandal was uncovered in late 1999 and remained the dominant subject of political discussion and news coverage in Germany for several months. The Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache selected the term Schwarzgeldaffäre (literally, "black money affair" i.e. "illegal earnings scandal") as German Word of the Year 2000. Opinion polls conducted by the Allensbach Institute suggest that in November 1999 (before the scandal became known), the CDU was expected to receive around 45 percent of the popular vote in a hypothetical German federal election. By February 2000, this value had plummeted down to 31 percent.[1]

As a consequence, two of the leading CDU figures of the 1980s and 1990s, Helmut Kohl and Wolfgang Schäuble, lost their political influence, with Angela Merkel and Roland Koch emerging as the most powerful German conservative politicians.

Timeline

1999

Date Event
4 November A court in Augsburg filed an arrest warrant for Walther Leisler Kiep (who had served as CDU treasurer from 1972 to 1992) over accusations of tax evasion,[2] following an investigation into business deals involving Karlheinz Schreiber, a German arms dealer who resides in Canada.[3][4] Kiep was accused of having received DM 1 million in cash from Schreiber without proper legal disclosure. Schreiber was also wanted by German authorities over unrelated charges, but his dual Canadian citizenship prevented his extradition.
5 November Kiep surrendered to the authorities and admitted that he had indeed accepted the money from Schreiber on 26 August 1991. The delivery of the money was at a highway service area in Switzerland and Horst Weyrauch, a financial advisor of the CDU, was there.[3][4][5] Kiep indicated that the money had been booked as a donation for the CDU. Subsequently, he was released on a bail of DM 500,000.[6]
6 November Helmut Kohl, former Chancellor of Germany (1982-1998) and CDU chairman (1973-1998) stated that he had no knowledge of any CDU earnings that violated the German party financing system.[2][7]
8 November Weyrauch stated that the DM 1 million from Schreiber had been placed in an escrow account. Angela Merkel, then the CDU secretary general, demanded a "swift and comprehensive investigation" into the unfolding scandal.[6]
12 November Schreiber claimed that they had only served as intermediaries in the money transfer, which indeed had been intended as a hidden party financing.[7] Hints that the money had originated as a provisional payment from the government of Saudi Arabia following the delivery of German-made tanks (a deal which was believed to have been realized by Schreiber on behalf of CDU) were rejected by Helmut Kohl.
23 November In a TV interview, Kiep disagreed with Kohl's statement from 6 November and claimed that the CDU leadership had been informed about the money transfer.[6]
26 November Heiner Geißler, who had served as CDU secretary general from 1977 to 1989 (when he lost this post because of a disagreement with Kohl), confirmed the existence of covert party bank accounts.[5][8]
28 November CDU party chairman Wolfgang Schäuble, a close ally of Helmut Kohl, gave a press statement assuring the public that there would be a "thorough investigation" into the scandal. He confirmed the existence of escrow accounts managed by Weyrauch on behalf of the CDU, but rejected the term "covert bank accounts".[6]
29 November German news magazine Der Spiegel published an investigative story uncovering that the revenue of the regional CDU branch in Hesse had seen a dramatic increase between 1989 and 1991, culminating in an amount of several million DM,[9] which the party had attributed to anonymous donations.[4][10]
30 November Helmut Kohl accepted the responsibility for the scandal. He claimed that, due to his prominent position in the CDU during the 1980s and 1990s, he had been involved in the initiation of confidential donations to the party and affiliated organizations,[11] apologizing for the lack of transparency and possible violation of regulations imposed on German parties.[12][13]
2 December The Bundestag voted for the installation of a special investigation committee into the scandal.[14][15][16]
16 December In a TV appearance, Helmut Kohl admitted that during his time as CDU chairman, up to DM 2 million had not been properly booked.[2][17] He refused to name the donors, claiming that he was bound to his word of honor to keep the donations confidential.[18][19]
22 December The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ) published an op-ed by Angela Merkel, in which she calls for her party to sever the ties with Helmut Kohl.[20] Since 1990, Merkel had been regarded as a protégé of Kohl, who had sponsored her political career. Her FAZ article is widely regarded as an act of emancipation from Kohl, which later allowed her to become the dominant figure in the CDU, a development culminating in her being elected chancellor in 2005.
31 December The CDU issued a modified financial report for the year 1998, which includes revenues of DM 2.3 million during the period of 1993–1996, which previously had not been accounted for.[21]

2000

Date Event
3 January State prosecutors in Bonn initiated a criminal investigation against Helmut Kohl, suspecting him of embezzlement to the detriment of the CDU.[17][22]
10 January Wolfgang Schäuble admitted that back in 1994, he had accepted a DM 100,000 cash donation handed over from Karlheinz Schreiber.[23][24] However, his account of the exact circumstances was contradicted by the CDU's then-treasurer, Brigitte Baumeister.[19][25]
14 January Manfred Kanther, who had served as chairman of the CDU regional branch in Hesse from 1991 to 1998, confirmed the existence of covert bank accounts used by the party since 1983.[9] By 2000, these accounts contained assets worth DM 17 million.[26] Roland Koch, who had succeeded Kanther as chairman, promised to investigate the matter "as brutal as possible."
17 January State prosecutors in Wiesbaden initiated a criminal investigation against leading figures of the CDU in Hesse (Kanther, Weyrauch and others), concerning their roles in the scandal.[7]
18 January The executive committee of the CDU demanded Helmut Kohl to suspend his honorary party chairmanship (which he held since 1998) until he would reveal the names of the confidential donors.[27][28]
27 January Roland Koch revealed an act of money laundering: In 1983, DM 18 million had been transferred from covert CDU bank accounts in Hesse to an anonymous account in Switzerland and subsequently channelled back.[4]
30 January Horst Weyrauch confirmed the result of Koch's investigation, stating a total amount of DM 20.8 million. Weyrauch revealed that he had envisioned this money transfer plan as a means of circumventing the German party financing law.[9]
15 February Wolfgang Thierse, the President of the Bundestag, whom German parties are obliged to give account of their financial situation, fined the CDU a record sum of DM 41 million due to faulty reports and party financing violations, a decision which is appealed by the CDU.[28][29]
16 February Due to growing pressure concerning the uncovering of his involvement in the Schreiber donations, Wolfgang Schäuble resigned from the post as CDU chairman, as well as leader of the parliamentary group in the Bundestag.[30][31][32]
10 April Angela Merkel was elected new chairperson of the CDU.[33][34]
4 June Following a private fundraising call, Helmut Kohl transferred more than DM 8 million to the CDU as a compensation for damages caused by the scandal.[35][36]
October It was revealed that the money Karlheinz Schreiber had handed over to Walter Leisler Kiep in 1991 (which triggered the whole scandal) had indeed originated in a slush fund established by Thyssen AG in connection with a tank export deal with Saudi Arabia.[37][38]
1 December A second fine was imposed on the CDU by Thierse due to party donations improperly accounted for, this time amounting to DM 7.79 million.[39]

Later events

Date Event
31 January 2001 An administrative court in Berlin overturned the decision by Bundestag President Thierse to punish the CDU with a DM 41 million fine. In turn, Thierse appealed this verdict.[28]
28 February 2001 The Bonn prosecutors closed their criminal investigation of Helmut Kohl following his acceptance to pay DM 150,000 to the German government and DM 150,000 to a charitable foundation.[40][41]
16 September 2004 The Federal Constitutional Court of Germany, the highest court in the country, ruled that the fine imposed by Wolfgang Thierse on the CDU in 2000 had indeed been legal.[42]
25 September 2007 Manfred Kanther and Horst Weyrauch were fined EUR 54,000 and EUR 45,000, respectively for their involvement in the scandal.[43][44]
3 August 2009 Following a nearly ten year court battle, Karlheinz Schreiber was extradited from Canada to Germany.[45][46] The Augsburg court, which had initiated the investigation on 4 November 1999, later sentenced him to eight years in prison due to tax evasion.[47][48]
September 2011 In a review trial at the Federal Court of Justice of Germany, the verdict against Schreiber was lifted. Due to his deteriorating health, he was released from prison in March 2012 and allowed to move to Kaufering, where he has been held under house arrest ever since.[49]

See also

References

  1. ^ German opinion polls from 1998 to 2002 on the federal level conducted by the Allensbach Institute, collected by wahlrecht.de
  2. ^ a b c "German sleaze: The story so far". BBC News. 17 February 2000. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  3. ^ a b "Figure in CDU Party Donations Scandal Returns to Germany". SPIEGEL ONLINE INTERNATIONAL. 8 March 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  4. ^ a b c d "Chronik der Ereignisse" (in German). Bayerischer Rundfunk. 4 June 2011. Archived from the original on 19 May 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  5. ^ a b "Wie die illegalen Finanzpraktiken der CDU ans Licht kamen" (in German). Süddeutsche.de. 17 May 2010. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  6. ^ a b c d "Die Kohl-Affäre" (in German). SPIEGEL ONLINE. 12 December 1999. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  7. ^ a b c "Die CDU-Spendenaffäre - eine Chronologie" (in German). DER TAGESSPIEGEL. 3 August 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  8. ^ "Geißler bestätigt Berichte über "schwarze Konten"" (in German). SPIEGEL ONLINE. 26 November 1999. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  9. ^ a b c "Die Spendenaffäre der CDU in Hessen" (in German). SPIEGEL ONLINE. 3 September 2000. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  10. ^ "Auch die Hessen geraten in Bedrängnis" (in German). SPIEGEL ONLINE. 12 January 2000. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
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  13. ^ "CDU: Schwarze Kassen" (in German). FOCUS Online. 6 December 1999. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  14. ^ "Probe into Kohl's secret funds". BBC News. 2 December 1999. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  15. ^ Scheidges, Rüdiger (2 December 1999). "Parlament setzt Untersuchungsausschuss zur Spendenaffäre ein - Altkanzler fehlt während der Debatte" (in German). DER TAGESSPIEGEL. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  16. ^ "Beschlussempfehlung und Bericht" (PDF) (in German). Deutscher Bundestag 14. Wahlperiode. 13 June 2002. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
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  28. ^ a b c "Kohl legt Ehrenvorsitz nieder" (in German). SPIEGEL ONLINE. 18 January 2000. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  29. ^ "Partei muss 41 Millionen Mark zahlen" (in German). manager magazin online. 15 February 2000. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  30. ^ "Rücktritt sicher" (in German). SPIEGEL ONLINE. 16 February 2000. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  31. ^ "CDU-Chef Wolfgang Schäuble tritt zurück" (in German). news.ch. 16 February 2000. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  32. ^ "Schäuble vor dem Aus - Neuwahl der gesamten Fraktionsspitze" (in German). manager magazin online. 15 February 2000. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  33. ^ Langguth, Gerd (8 July 2009). "The Scandal that Helped Merkel Become Chancellor". SPIEGEL ONLINE International. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  34. ^ Sturm, Daniel Friedrich (4 November 2009). "Wie die CDU-Spendenaffäre Merkel den Weg ebnete" (in German). DIE WELT. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  35. ^ "SPENDEN-AFFÄRE: Kohls Scheck-Pott" (in German). FOCUS Online. 13 March 2000. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  36. ^ Höll, Susanne (13 December 2000). "CDU sammelt 13 Millionen Mark" (in German). Süddeutsche.de. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  37. ^ "Schreiber-Million kam von Thyssen" (in German). SPIEGEL ONLINE. 12 October 2000. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  38. ^ "Der Fall Schreiber und die CDU" (in German). ZEIT ONLINE. 3 August 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  39. ^ "Was wann geschehen war – eine Chronik" (in German). DER TAGESSPIEGEL. 4 August 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  40. ^ Hooper, John (9 February 2001). "Kohl pays fine to avoid trial". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  41. ^ "Beschluß in der Ermittlungssache gegen den Bundestagsabgeordneten Dr. Helmut Joseph Kohl" (in German). Landgericht Bonn. 28 February 2001. Archived from the original on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  42. ^ "Die CDU-Schwarzgeldaffäre: Chronik eines Skandals" (in German). n-tv. 27 September 2007. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  43. ^ "Finanzielle Schädigung der CDU bestritten" (in German). Berliner Morgenpost. 25 August 2004. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  44. ^ "Kanther muss 54.000 Euro zahlen" (in German). stern.de. 27 September 2007. Archived from the original on 2011-11-18. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  45. ^ "Schreiber haucht CDU-Affäre wieder Leben ein" (in German). DIE WELT. 3 August 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  46. ^ "Bestechung und Betrug:Chronologie des Falls Schreiber" (in German). FOCUS Online. 3 August 2009. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  47. ^ "Karlheinz Schreiber goes on trial in Germany". CTVNews.ca. 18 January 2010. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  48. ^ Neumann, Conny (5 May 2012). "Keine Gnade für den Rüstungslobbyisten" (in German). SPIEGEL ONLINE. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
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