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((More citations needed|date=June 2017))
((Infobox weapon
| name = CM-12 Tank
| image_size = 300
| image = File:CM-12 Tank in ROCA Infantry School 20120211a.JPG
| caption = A CM-12 at the ROCA Infantry School
| type = [[Main battle tank]]
| is_vehicle = yes
| service = 1990-present
| designer = [[Republic of China Armoured Vehicle Development Center|Armored Vehicle Development Center]]
| number = 100
| length = ((convert|6.95|m|ftin|sp=us)) (hull)<br/>((convert|9.30|m|ftin|sp=us)) (cannon forward)
| width = ((convert|3.65|m|ftin|sp=us))
| height = ((convert|3.1|m|ftin|sp=us))
| origin = ((flagicon|Taiwan)) [[Republic of China]]
| used_by = 
| manufacturer = Armored Vehicle Development Center
| unit_cost = US$ 3.5 million
| weight = ((convert|48.5|t|ST LT|lk=on))
| crew = 4
| engine = [[Teledyne Continental Motors|Continental]] [[Continental AV1790|AVDS-1790-2C]] [[air-cooled]] [[Twin-turbo]] [[diesel engine]]
| engine_power = ((convert|750|HP|kW|abbr=on))
| pw_ratio = 15.46 hp/t
| primary_armament = ((convert|105|mm|in|abbr=on)) [[Royal Ordnance L7|M68A1]] gun
| secondary_armament = [[.50 BMG|.50 BMG (12.7×99mm)]] [[M2 Browning machine gun|M2 Browning]]<br/>[[7.62×51mm NATO]] [[M240 machine gun]]<br/>[[7.62×51mm NATO]] T74 machine gun
| speed = 48 km/h
| vehicle_range = ((convert|203|km|mi|-2|sp=us))
| suspension = [[Torsion bar suspension]]
))

The '''CM-12 Tank''' is a modified [[M48A3 MBT|M48A3]] made for the [[Republic of China Army]] situated on [[Taiwan]]. The Armored Vehicle Development Center (AVDC) used the extra 100 [[fire-control system]] units from the production of the [[CM-11 Brave Tiger]] to modify the existing M48A3 tanks of the ROC Army. The modification was completed as of 1993.<ref>((Cite web|last=自由時報電子報|date=2018-02-21|title=妥善率不佳 CM12戰車擴大封存 - 政治|url=https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/politics/paper/1177936|access-date=2021-02-22|website=自由時報電子報|language=zh-Hant-TW))</ref> The CM-12 can be distinguished from the CM-11 by the rounded glacis plates, and from the M48A3 by the [[Royal Ordnance L7|105mm M68A1]] cannon, which is longer than the [[90 mm gun M1/M2/M3|90mm T139/M3A1]] cannon on the M48A3 and lacks a [[muzzle brake]], and by the different commander's cupola.  

== Modifications ==
The CM-12 program selected some M48A3 hulls and replaced the petrol engines with [[diesel engine]]s, installed a new [[Transmission (mechanics)|transmission]], replaced the tracks, and replaced the turret with the CM-11's turret. The modified tank was renamed CM-12.<ref>((cite web |title=M48 Patton |url=https://fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/land/m48.htm |website=fas.org |publisher=Federation of American Scientists |accessdate=13 December 2019))</ref>

During the Brave Tiger (CM-11) upgrade program, AVDC received an M48A5 for reference. The idea of the CM-12 was derived from the M48A5. The exterior of CM-12 and M48A5 are similar, but the interior is completely different; the main difference being that replacing the original engine and turret of the M48A3 cost interior fuel capacity, decreasing its range. The CM-12 also has an upgraded fire-control system due to it using the same turret as the CM-11. The M48A5 has no upgraded fire-control system. 

The armament of CM-12 is identical to CM-11's. The main cannon is an [[Royal Ordnance L7|M68A1 105mm cannon]], which can fire ammunition such as [[armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding-sabot]] (APFSDS) Rounds. It can carry up to 60 rounds on board. One [[M2 Browning|M2HB machine gun]] is mounted on the commander's cupola, one T74 machine gun on the gunner's cupola, and one coaxial [[M240 machine gun]] inside the turret.<ref>((Cite news|url=https://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=219|title=CM-11 Brave Tiger (M48H) Main Battle Tank (MBT) - Taiwan|access-date=2018-11-09|language=en-US))</ref> 

The protection on CM-12 is outdated, being unable to stop shells fired from the 125mm smoothbore cannon mounted on tanks used by the [[People's Liberation Army|Chinese People's Liberation Army]] such as the [[Type 96 tank|Type 96]], and the material used is inferior to that used on newer tanks, being made of cast steel instead of more modern composite materials. After the great disarmament of Ching Shih (精實案) and Ching Chin (精進案), the existing CM-11 and M60A3 TTS tanks are enough for the ROCA, and almost half of the CM-12s are now retired.

<gallery>
File:CM-12 Tank Turret Font Near View 20120211.JPG|Close up of the CM-12's turret
File:CM-12 Tank Side View in ROCA Infantry School 20120211a.JPG|Side view of the CM-12 
File:CM-12 Tank Rear View in ROCA Infantry School 20120211.JPG|Rear view of the CM-12 
File:CM-12 Tank Ready to Transport 20120211a.JPG|A ready-to-transport CM-12
File:Soldiers Taken out Machine Guns of CM-12 Tank 20120211.jpg|Soldiers removing machine guns from a CM-12
</gallery>

== References ==
((Reflist))

((TWAFVs))
((Cold War tanks|style=wide))

((commons category|CM-12))

[[Category:Post–Cold War main battle tanks]]
[[Category:Armoured fighting vehicles of the Republic of China]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 1990s]]

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