A cantonment board is a civic administration body in India under control of the Ministry of Defence. The board comprises elected members besides ex-officio and nominated members as per the Cantonments Act, 2006.^[1] The term of office of a member of a board is five years.^[2] A cantonment board consists of eight elected members, three nominated military members, three ex-officio members (station commander, garrison engineer and senior executive medical officer), and one representative of the district magistrate.

There are 62 Cantonment Boards in India, managed by Directorate General Defence Estates (DGDE).^[3]

Cantonments are divided into four categories, namely,

Category I – population exceeds fifty thousand
Category II – population exceeds ten thousand, but does not exceed fifty thousand
Category III – population exceeds two thousand five hundred, but does not exceed ten thousand
Category IV – population does not exceed two thousand five hundred.

Functions

The cantonment board takes care of mandatory duties such as provision of public health, water supply, sanitation, primary education, and street lighting etc.^[4] As the resources are owned by Government of India, (1) For every cantonment there shall be a Cantonment Board. (2) Every Board shall be deemed to be a municipality under clause (e) of article 243P of the Constitution for the purposes of- (a) receiving grants and allocations; or (b) implementing the Central Government schemes of social welfare, public health, hygiene, safety, water supply, sanitation, urban renewal and education. It is the duty of the president of the cantonment board:

unless prevented by reasonable cause, to convene and preside at all meetings of the board and to regulate the conduct of business;
to control, direct and supervise the financial and executive administration of the board;
to perform all the duties and exercise all the powers specially imposed or conferred on the president by or under this act; and
subject to any restrictions, limitations and conditions imposed by this Act, to exercise executive power for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Act.
in case of gross misconduct during the course of meeting, to suspend a member other than a chief executive officer from attending the un-conduct part of the meeting of the Board.