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((More citations needed|date=October 2018))
((short description|Species of bird))
((speciesbox
| name = Canyon wren
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">((cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Catherpes mexicanus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22711335A94289723 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22711335A94289723.en |access-date=12 November 2021))</ref>
| image = Canyon Wren.jpg
| image_caption = in Madera Canyon, Arizona
| genus = Catherpes
| parent_authority = [[Spencer Fullerton Baird|Baird]], 1858
| species = mexicanus
| authority = ([[William John Swainson|Swainson]], 1829)
| range_map = Catherpes mexicanus map.svg
))

The '''canyon wren''' ('''''Catherpes mexicanus''''') is a small [[North America]]n songbird of the [[wren]] [[family (biology)|family]] [[Troglodytidae]]. It is resident throughout its range and is generally found in arid, rocky cliffs, outcrops, and canyons. It is a small bird that is hard to see on its rocky habitat; however, it can be heard throughout the canyons by its distinctive, loud song. It is currently in a [[monotypic taxon]] and is the only species in the genus ''Catherpes''.

==Taxonomy==
The taxonomy of the species has been altered and debated for many years, with from three to eleven subspecies being proposed at various times. Generally, three subspecies are recognized. Originally in the genus ''[[Thryothorus]]'', it was moved into the genus ''[[Rock wren|Salpinctes]]'' along with the [[rock wren]] (''[[Salpinctes obsoletus]]''), where some researchers still place it; however, generally, now, the species is in the only species in the genus ''Catherpes''.

The three generally recognized subspecies are:
*''C. m. mexicanus'' occurring in the central and southern portions of the [[Mexican Plateau]]
*''C. m. albifrons'' occurring in the northern portion of the Mexican Plateau, into west-central through western [[Texas]]
*''C. m. conspersus'' occurring in the remaining portion of the range in the U.S. and Canada
These subspecies are distinguished by the bill of ''C. m. albifrons'' which is generally longer than that of ''C. m. mexicanus'', and its plumage paler, with upperparts more grayish brown, with narrower black bars on tail. In ''C. m. conspersus'' the plumage is paler and it is smaller than ''C. m. mexicanus''.<ref>((cite book|author=American Ornithologists' Union|title=Check-list of North American Birds|edition=5th|year=1957|publisher=Am. Ornithol. Union|location=Washington, D.C.))</ref>

==Distribution==
Resident, although individuals may make short seasonal movements. It ranges from southern [[British Columbia]] in the [[Okanagan Valley]] and western and southern [[Idaho]] and southern [[Montana]] south through central [[Wyoming]], [[Colorado]] throughout much of [[Mexico]] south to western [[Chiapas]]. It occurs east to southwest [[Oklahoma]] and in the [[Edwards Plateau]] of west-central [[Texas]]. Disjunct populations occur in the Black Hills of southwest [[South Dakota]], northeast Wyoming and southeast Montana. During the winter season the distribution is generally the same; however, concentrations may occur in the [[Chihuahuan Desert]] of southwest [[Texas]].<ref>((cite journal|last=Jones|first=Stephanie L.|author2=Deini, J. S.|title=Canyon Wren|journal=The Birds of North America Online |location=Ithaca |publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology |editor=A. Poole |year=1995|volume=197|doi=10.2173/bna.197|url=http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/197|access-date=30 Jan 2012))</ref>

==Habitat==
Similar to the [[rock wren]] in habitat, the canyon wren prefers steeper rocky environments, particularly in arid landscapes and deep canyons and terrain (sometimes including buildings, woodpiles, and rock fences). This species regularly uses riparian areas for foraging and has bred away from rocky substrate.<ref>((cite journal |last1=Fletcher |first1=Dawn |last2=Vander Pluym |first2=David |last3=Preston |first3=Mel |last4=Leist |first4=Amy |title=CANYON WRENS BREEDING IN DESERT RIPARIAN VEGETATION: FIRST RECORDS IN A NOVEL HABITAT |journal=Western Birds |date=2016 |volume=47 |issue=1 |page=50-57 |url=https://westernfieldornithologists.org/publications/journal/journal-volume-47-1/v47-1-fletcher-canyon_wrens/))</ref>

[[File:Catherpes mexicanus2.jpg|thumb|left|Canyon wren singing]]

==Diet==
The canyon wren feeds on small insects and spiders. Since they live on large rocks, they use their long beaks to scope out small crevices. They also get their source of liquid from the insects they consume.

==Ecology==
It feeds on [[insect]]s and [[spider]]s by probing into crevices with its long [[beak|bill]]. Its coloration is rustier than that of the [[rock wren]], with a contrasting white throat and breast. The canyon wren is more often heard than seen, and its falling series of whistles is one of the more familiar bird calls of the canyons of the western United States.

[[File:CANW nest.JPG|right|thumb|Canyon wren nest from Texas]]

It builds a cup [[bird nest|nest]] out of twigs and other vegetation in a rock crevice. It lays 4 to 6 [[Egg (biology)|egg]]s, white with reddish brown and gray speckles.

==References==

((Reflist))

==Cited texts==
* ((cite book | last=Howell | first=Steve N. G. | author2=Webb, Sophie | title=A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1995 | isbn=0-19-854012-4 | url-access=registration | url=https://archive.org/details/guidetobirdsofme0000howe ))
* ((ITIS |id=178610 |taxon=Catherpes mexicanus |accessdate=24 January 2006))
* ((cite journal|last=Jones|first=Stephanie L.|author2=Dieni, J. S.|author3=Araya, A. C.|title=Reproductive biology of Canyon Wrens in the Front Range of Colorado|journal=Wilson Bulletin|year=2002|volume=114|issue=4|pages=446–449|jstor=4164488|doi=10.1676/0043-5643(2002)114[0446:RBOCWI]2.0.CO;2|s2cid=85965537 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/210406 ))
* ((cite book|last=Brewer|first=D.|title=Wrens, dippers, and thrashers|url=https://archive.org/details/wrensdippersthra0000brew|url-access=registration|year=2001|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven, Connecticut|isbn=9780300090598 ))

==External links==
*[http://www.mbr-pwrc.usgs.gov/id/framlst/i7170id.html Canyon Wren] at USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
*[https://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Canyon_Wren/ Canyon Wren Species Account] - Cornell Lab of Ornithology
*[http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/especie.phtml?idEspecie=5723 Canyon Wren] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010052323/http://ibc.hbw.com/ibc/phtml/especie.phtml?idEspecie=5723 |date=2007-10-10 )) on the Internet Bird Collection
*[http://vireo.acnatsci.org/search.html?Form=Search&SEARCHBY=Common&KEYWORDS=canyon+wren&showwhat=images&AGE=All&SEX=All&ACT=All&Search=Search&VIEW=All&ORIENTATION=All&RESULTS=24 Canyon Wren photo gallery] VIREO
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20111002034100/http://i.pbase.com/u43/tgrey/upload/27842001.CanyonWren4.jpg Photo-High Res--(Close-up)]; [http://www.pbase.com/tgrey/image/27842001 Article] - i.pbase.com-(Photos)

((Passerida|M.|state=collapsed))
((Taxonbar|from=Q776497))

[[Category:Troglodytidae]]
[[Category:Birds of North America]]
[[Category:Native birds of the Western United States]]
[[Category:Birds of the Great Basin]]
[[Category:Birds of Mexico]]
[[Category:Fauna of the Sonoran Desert]]
[[Category:Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1829]]

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