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((short description|Cloth covering laid over a horse or other animal for protection and decoration))
((About|the covering laid over an animal|the guitar company|Caparison Guitars|the caparisoned horse in military funerals|Riderless horse))

((Refimprove|date=June 2020))
[[File:René d'Anjou Livre des tournois France Provence XVe siècle Barthélemy d'Eyck.jpg|thumb|246x246px|The Dukes of Brittany (left) and Bourbon on caparisoned horses at a tournament fight (1460s), from ''[[Le Livre des tournois]]'' by [[Barthélemy d'Eyck]]]]
A '''caparison''' is a cloth covering laid over a [[horse]] or other animal for protection and decoration. In modern times, they are used mainly in [[parade]]s and for [[historical reenactment]]s. A similar term is '''horse-trapper'''.<ref>[http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=1479927  Trapper sold at Christie's] </ref> The word is derived from the Latin ((Lang|la|caparo)), meaning a cape.<ref>((cite web|title=caparison (n.)|publisher=Online Etymology Dictionary|url=http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=caparison%09&allowed_in_frame=0|accessdate=20 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150324211817/http://etymonline.com/index.php?term=caparison%09&allowed_in_frame=0|archive-date=2015-03-24|url-status=dead))</ref>

==Horses==
[[Image:Picador.JPG|thumb|left|[[Picador]] on a caparisoned horse at a [[bullfight]]|220x220px]]In antiquity, a "magnificently caparisoned horse" takes a central place in a [[Vision (spirituality)|vision]] reported in the [[deutero-canonical]] text, ((bibleverse|2|Maccabees|3:25|NRSV)), which prevents the [[Seleucid]] emissary [[Heliodorus (minister)|Heliodorus]] from a planned assault on the Jewish [[temple treasury]] in [[Jerusalem]].<ref>((cite book |last1=Cline |first1=Eric H. |title=Jerusalem Besieged: From Ancient Canaan to Modern Israel |date=10 March 2010 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |location=76 |isbn=978-0-472-02537-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eJVFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA76 |language=en))</ref>

In the [[Middle Ages]], caparisons were part of the horse armour known as [[barding]], which was worn during [[Medieval warfare|battle]] and [[Tournament (medieval)|tournaments]]. They were adopted in the twelfth century in response to conditions of campaigning in the [[Crusades]], where local armies employed archers, both on foot and horse, in large quantities. The covering might not completely protect the horse against the arrows but it could deflect and lessen their damage.

An early depiction of a knight's horse wearing a caparison may be seen on the small [[Carlton-in-Lindrick knight]] figurine from the late 12th century. Modern re-enactment tests have shown that a loose caparison protects the horse reasonably well against arrows, especially if combined with a [[gambeson]]-like undercloth underneath. Medieval caparisons were frequently embroidered with the [[coat of arms]] of the horse's rider.

In 1507, a horse disguised as a [[unicorn]] at the tournament of the [[Wild Knight and the Black Lady]] in Edinburgh had a caparison of black and white damask lined with canvas.<ref>[[James Balfour Paul]], ''Accounts of the Treasurer'', vol. 3 (Edinburgh, 1901), p. 257.</ref> A caparison made of red taffeta for the horse [[James VI of Scotland]] in June 1591 may have been intended for a masque performed at [[Tullibardine Castle]].<ref>Michael Pearce, 'Maskerye Claythis for James VI and Anna of Denmark', ''Medieval English Theatre 43'' (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 2022), p. 118.</ref> Velvet caparisons lined with buckram were made for [[Henrietta Maria]] and her gentlewomen in 1630s.<ref>Arthur MacGregor, 'Horsegear, Vehicles and Stable Equipment', ''Archaeological Journal 153'' (1997), pp. 176, 195.</ref>

==Domesticated and temple elephants of India==
[[File:Decorated Indian elephant.jpg|thumb|A decorated [[Indian elephant]] carrying a [[howdah]] during a fair in [[Jaipur]], [[India]]|200x200px]]
[[File:Nettipattam.JPG|thumbnail|right|''Nettipattam'' on a Caparison elephant|249x249px]]

In the Indian state of [[Kerala]], elephants are decorated during temple festivals.   They wear a distinctive golden head covering called a ''nettipattam,'' which is often translated into English as an elephant caparison.  However, it covers only the head, not the body, as in a horse caparison.

==See also==
* [[Horses in the Middle Ages]]
* [[Barding]]
* [[Horses in warfare]]
* [[Temple elephant]]
* [[War elephant]]
* [[Horse blanket]]

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110713184451/http://larsdatter.com/caparisons.htm Caparisons in 13th–17th century illustrations and artwork]
* [https://www.wga.hu/html_m/s/spiering/swedish2.html A caparison made for the wedding-celebration of Gustaf II Adolf of Sweden and Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg, 1621]
* [http://coblaith.net/Heraldry/Manesse/barding.html#bardtable2/ Caparisons in the 14th-century German] – ''[[Codex Manesse]]''


((1728|title=Caparison))

[[Category:Animal armour]]
[[Category:Horse protective equipment]]
[[Category:Horse ornamentation]]
[[Category:Barding]]

((horse-stub))

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