Capital punishment is a legal penalty in Lebanon, though no executions have been carried out since 2004.

Capital crimes in Lebanon include murder, espionage, treason, terrorism, collaborating with Israeli forces and if the crime is especially heinous enough, rape, child rape, gang-robbery or gang-assault involving torture, arson against certain types of structures or sabotage of communications, transportation or industrial facilities causing death, aggravated assault involving torture, life-eligible crimes with recidivism, importing nuclear/toxic wastes, polluting rivers or waterways with harmful substances and some military offenses (e.g. desertion).^[1]

The methods prescribed by law are hanging and firing squad, although hanging has been the predominant method throughout Lebanese history. In the Lebanese Republic, the President has the sole authority to pardon an inmate and all execution orders must be ratified by them.^{[dubious – discuss]}