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((Expand list|date=August 2020))
((more citations needed|date=February 2024))
'''Iran (Persia)''' has had numerous capital cities and royal centers throughout its [[History of Iran|history]].

*[[Ahar]]; [[Pishkinid dynasty]]
*[[Anshan (Persia)|Anshan]]; pre-[[Achaemenid]] era
*[[Ardabil]]; early [[Safavid]] era, [[Sajid dynasty|Sajid]]
*[[Asaak]]; Parthian era royal center
*[[Astara, Iran|Astara]]; [[Ispahbads of Gilan]]
*[[Alamut Castle]]; [[Nizari Ismaili state]]
*[[Amol]]; [[Ziyarid dynasty|Ziyarid]], [[Alid dynasties of northern Iran|Alavid]], [[Marashis]], [[Dabuyid]], [[Bavandid]], [[Afrasiyab dynasty|Chalavi]], ([[Parthian Empire]] climate capital)
*[[Babylon]]; [[Achaemenid]] era
*[[Baghdad]]; caliphates, [[Jalayerid]], [[Buyid dynasty|Buyid]]
*[[Balkh]]; in legend, the governmental center of the [[Kayanian dynasty]]<ref name=Iranica>((Encyclopædia Iranica Online |url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/capital-cities |title=Capital Cities |first=A. Shapur |last=Shahbazi |last2=Bosworth |first2=C. Edmund |year=2000|access-date=4 February 2024))</ref>
*[[Bardsir]]; [[Banu Ilyas]]
*[[Basra]]; [[Jalayerid]]
*[[Bukhara]]; [[Samanid Empire|Samanid]] era
*[[Ctesiphon]]; Parthian, [[Sassanid]] era
*[[Damavand, Iran|Damavand]]; [[Masmughans of Damavand]]
*[[Dinavar]]; [[Hasanwayhids]]
*[[Diyarbakır]]; [[Aq Qoyunlu]]
*[[Fuman, Iran|Fuman]]; [[Dabuyid]]
*[[Farim, Iran|Farim]] (Perim); [[Bavandid]]
*[[Firozkoh]]; [[Ghurid]]
*[[Firuzkuh]]; [[Afrasiyab dynasty|Chalavi]]
*[[Shahr-e Qumis]] (Hecatompylos); [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] era
*[[Ghazna]]; [[Ghurid]], [[Khwarazmian dynasty|Khwarazmid]], [[Ghaznavid]]
*[[Firouzabad|Gor (Firuzabad)]]; [[Sassanid]] era
*[[Gorgan]] (Astarabad); [[Ziyarid dynasty|Ziyarid]], [[Alavids]]
*[[Herat]]; [[Ghurid]], [[Kart dynasty|Kartids]], [[Timurid Empire]]
*[[Hulwan]]; [[Annazids]]
*[[Ij, Iran|Ij]] (Ig); [[Shabankara]]
*[[Isfahan]]; [[Ziyarid dynasty]], [[Kakuyid|Kakuyid Emirate]], [[Injuids|Injuid dynasty]], [[Seljuk Empire|Seljuk]] era, [[Safavid dynasty|Safavid era]]
*[[Istakhr]]; Sassanian era
*[[Izeh]] (Idaj); [[Hazaraspids]]
*[[Ecbatana]] (later [[Hamadan]]); [[Medes|Median Empire]],<ref name="Iranica" /> [[Achaemenid]] era,<ref name="Iranica" /> [[Eldiguzids]], [[Seljuks]] (Greater and Iraq Seljuks)
*[[Kerman]]; [[Muzaffarids (Iran)|Muzaffarid]], [[Qutlugh-Khanids]]
*[[Khorramabad]]; [[Khorshidi dynasty]]
*[[Kunya Urgench]]; early Khwarezmid era
*[[Lafur Rural District|Lafur]]; [[Qarinvand dynasty]]
*[[Lankaran]]; [[Talysh Khanate]]
*[[Lahijan]]; [[Karkiya dynasty]]
*[[Maragheh]]; Ilkhanid, [[Ahmadilis]], [[Sajid dynasty|Sajid]]
*[[Mashhad]]; [[Afshar dynasty|Afsharid]]
*[[Merv]]; capital during [[al-Mamun]]'s caliphate, and Taherid era, Seljuk Empire
*[[Mosul]]; winter capital during [[Qara Qoyunlu]] 
*[[Nakhchivan (city)|Nakhchivan]]; [[Eldiguzids]]
*[[Nishapur]]; Ilkhanid, Seljuq, Taherid eras
*[[Nisa, Turkmenistan]]; periodical capital of the [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] era
*[[Pasargadae]]; [[Achaemenid]]<ref name="Iranica" />
*[[Persepolis]]; [[Achaemenid]] grand capital<ref name="Iranica" />
*[[Rey, Iran|Rey]] (Rhagae); [[Medes|Median]], [[Ziyarid]], [[Buyid dynasty|Buyid]], [[Seljuk Empire]]
*[[Rudbar]]; [[Justanids]]
*[[Qazvin]]; early [[Safavid]] era
*[[Sabzevar]]; [[Sarbadars]]
*[[Samarkand]]; [[Samanid Empire|Samanid]], Khwarazmid, Timurid era
*[[Shiraz]]; Buyid dynasty, [[Injuids|Injuid dynasty]], [[Muzaffarids (Iran)|Muzaffarid dynasty]], [[Salghurids|Salghurid dynasty]], [[Zand dynasty]]
*[[Soltaniyeh]]; [[Ilkhanate|Ilkhanid]]
*[[Susa]]; [[Achaemenid]], Parthian era
*[[Tabriz]]; Ilkhanid, Khwarezmid, [[Rawadid dynasty|Rawadid]], [[Chobanids|Chupanid]], [[Jalayerid]], [[Eldiguzids]], [[Kara Koyunlu]], [[Aq Qoyunlu]], early [[Safavid]] era
*[[Tarom County|Tarom]]; [[Sallarid]]
*[[Sari, Iran|Sari]]; Qajar, Dabuyid, Alavid, Bavandid, Marashis
*[[Yazd]]; [[Kakuyid]], [[Atabegs of Yazd]]
*[[Zaranj]]; [[Saffarid|Saffarid Empire]], [[Mihrabanid]], [[Nasrid dynasty (Sistan)|Nasrid]]
*[[Tehran]]; [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar Empire]], [[Pahlavi dynasty]], [[Islamic Republic of Iran]] 1796–present

==See also==
*[[Iran]]
*[[Ancient Iran]]
*[[Afghanistan]]

==References==
((reflist))

((Asia topic|prefix=Capitals of|countries_only=yes))

((DEFAULTSORT:Capitals Of Persia))
[[Category:Geographic history of Iran]]

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