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((Short description|Residence in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia))
((multiple issues|
((original research|date=October 2011))
((Advert|date=September 2018))
))
((Infobox building
| name                = Carcosa Seri Negara
| native_name         = 
| native_name_lang    = 
| logo                =
| logo_size           = 100px
| logo_alt            = 
| logo_caption        = The logo of Carcosa Seri Negara
| image               = Carcosa Seri Negara.jpg
| caption             = The Seri Negara mansion in 2009, which currently represents the Carcosa Seri Negara namebrand.
| relief              = 
| former_names        = King's House
| alternate_names     = 
| etymology           = 
| status              = 
| building_type       = Hotel
| architectural_style = [[Gothic Revival architecture|Neo-Gothic]] & [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor Revival]]
| structural_system   =
| location            = Jalan Kebun Bunga, 50480 [[Kuala Lumpur]], ((MAS)) 
| owner               = 
| start_date          = 1896 - 1897
| completion_date     = 
| demolition_date     =
| height              = 
| diameter            =
| other_dimensions    =
| main_contractor     =
| architect           = [[Arthur Benison Hubback|A.B. Hubback]]
| structural_engineer =
| civil_engineer      =
| other_designers     =
| quantity_surveyor   =
| awards              =
))

The '''Carcosa Seri Negara''' is a residence located on two adjacent hills inside the [[Perdana Botanical Gardens]], [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Malaysia]]. Originally built as the official residence and guest house of the [[List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Malaya|British High Commissioner in Malaya]], it is now owned by the [[Government of Malaysia]]. The name is a composite of the two colonial mansions located on the compound: the residence, named ''Carcosa'' (completed in 1898), and the guest house, now named ''Seri Negara'' (1913).

The buildings figured prominently in the [[Independence Day (Malaysia)|Malaysian independence movement]], with several meetings held there.  Since Independence in 1957, it has been used as residences for visiting dignitaries (1957–1989), and as a luxury hotel (1989–2015). Since 2017, it has been used as a museum.

==Design==
Carcosa Seri Negara refers to two buildings, the larger Carcosa and the smaller (and newer) Seri Negara (or King's House).<ref name=Luxuo>((cite web |url=http://www.luxuo.com/culture/art/asian-heritage-museum-to-open-at-carcosa-seri-negara-kuala-lumpur.html |title=Asian Heritage Museum to open at Carcosa Seri Negara, Kuala Lumpur |author=Cheh, Samantha |publisher=Art Republik |date=29 October 2017 |website=Luxuo |accessdate=1 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001220650/http://www.luxuo.com/culture/art/asian-heritage-museum-to-open-at-carcosa-seri-negara-kuala-lumpur.html |archive-date=1 October 2018 |url-status=live ))</ref>

===Carcosa===
The '''Carcosa''' mansion was built in 1896–1897 as the official residence of [[Sir Frank Swettenham]], the first British High Commissioner of the then [[Federated Malay States|Resident-General of the Federated Malay States]]. It was designed by [[Arthur Benison Hubback]] under instruction from the State Engineer of [[Selangor|Selangor's]] [[Malaysian Public Works Department|Public Work Department]], [[Charles Edwin Spooner]], and sometimes also credited to [[Arthur Charles Alfred Norman]].<ref name=MalayMail>((cite news |url=https://www.malaymail.com/s/1668119/carcosa-seri-negara-birthplace-of-malaysias-constitution-to-be-reborn-as-be |title=Carcosa Seri Negara: Birthplace of Malaysia's Constitution to be reborn as beacon of peace |author=Tee, Kenneth |date=31 August 2018 |newspaper=Malay Mail |accessdate=1 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002020156/https://www.malaymail.com/s/1668119/carcosa-seri-negara-birthplace-of-malaysias-constitution-to-be-reborn-as-be |archive-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live ))</ref><ref>((cite journal |url=http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/British/NORMAN.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080401051804/http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/British/NORMAN.html |title=Chronological biography of Arthur Charles Alfred Norman |author=Ahmad, Dr. A. Ghafar |date=June 1997 |volume=LXX |pages=21–29 |journal=Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |archive-date=1 April 2008 |url-status=dead))</ref>

((quotebox|width=30em |text=SIR,

In the April magazine your correspondent in Malaya asks me, in courteous terms, to tell him why I gave the name “[[Carcosa]]” to the house that was designed and built for me at Kuala Lumpur by the late Mr. C.E. Spooner, assisted by Mr. A.B. Hubback – as he was in those days – and I have no objection to answer the question even though the simple truth may spoil a number of excellent stories. When this house was finished and occupied I read a book which interested me. It was called “[[The King in Yellow]]” and at the beginning of this book there were some verses with a note explaining that they came from Cassilda’s song in “The King in Yellow”, Act 1, Scene 2. Here are two verses: -

“Strange is the night where black stars rise,
And twin moons circle in the skies,
But the stranger still is
Lost Carcosa.”

“Song of my soul, my voice is dead;
Die thou, unsung, as tears unshed
Shall dry and die in
Lost Carcosa.”

I did not call the Resident General’s dwelling “Government House,” or “King’s House,” because neither seemed an appropriate name in Protected States. I did not give it a Malay name, because it was to be the residence of a British Officer; so I took a book name as has often been done before.

As to the word Carcosa, I imagine it was the Castle of the King in Yellow, but the book explains nothing about either the place or its occupant. That apparently can be found in the play, to which there are only occasional allusions. Probably it is a word created by the author’s fancy, though it looks like a combination of the Italian words cara and casa and would mean “desirable dwelling,” as indeed I found it.

The only curious fact is that this name was prophetic for, as I understand, the house has lost its name and is thus, “Lost Carcosa.” The occupant, I am told, is now styled “F.S,” instead of “R.G.”

Yours obediently,<br/>
FRANK SWETTENHAM

19 April 1936.
|source=&nbsp;—&nbsp;Letter to the Editor of “British Malaya”, published May 1936<ref>((cite magazine |url=https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000049124 |magazine=British Malaya |title=Letter to the Editor |date=May 1936 |publisher=Association of British Malaya |accessdate=1 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001220610/https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/000049124 |archive-date=1 October 2018 |url-status=live ))</ref>))
According to a letter he wrote in 1936, Swettenham chose the name ''Carcosa'' from the name of a mythical city in the horror short story collection [[The King in Yellow]]. Swettenham assumed the word was a [[portmanteau]] of two Italian words, ''cara'' and ''casa'', intended to mean "desirable dwelling".<ref name=Warren-Hotels />

===Seri Negara===
'''Seri Negara''' ('Beautiful Country' in Malay), was originally known as the ''Governor's Residence'' when it was opened in 1913 as the official guest house of Governor of the Straits Settlement. It was later known as the ''King's House''.<ref name=Warren-Hotels>((cite book |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N5jTAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA164 |title=Asia's Legendary Hotels: The Romance of Travel |chapter=Carcosa Seri Negara |author1=Warren, William |author2=Gocher, Jill (photographer) |date=2007 |publisher=Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd |location=Singapore |isbn=978-1-4629-0674-1 |page=164 |accessdate=1 October 2018))</ref>

==History==
===Colonial Malaya===
Swettenham moved into Carcosa during construction, and the official housewarming party was not held until August 28, 1898.<ref name=Warren-Hotels /> During [[World War II]], the headquarters of the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] [[Japanese occupation of Malaya|occupation government of Malaya]] were at Carcosa Seri Negara.<ref name=MalayMail />

The [[Constitution of Malaysia]] was drafted in Seri Negara between 1955 and 1957.<ref name=MalayMail /> The Federation of Malaya Agreement was signed on August 8, 1957, at King's House,<ref name=Star-Wong>((cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/columnists/so-aunty-so-what/2017/09/06/breathing-new-life-into-carcosa-an-exhibition-on-merdeka-is-the-first-step-in-reinventing-the-role-o/ |title=Breathing new life into Carcosa |author=Wong, June H.L. |date=6 September 2017 |newspaper=The Star |accessdate=1 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002064510/https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/columnists/so-aunty-so-what/2017/09/06/breathing-new-life-into-carcosa-an-exhibition-on-merdeka-is-the-first-step-in-reinventing-the-role-o/ |archive-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live ))</ref> and the property was then vacated by the British High Commissioner on August 31, 1957, when it was returned to the Malayan Government. It was then opened as the ''Istana Tetamu'' (Guest's Palace), hosting many visiting dignitaries, including [[Queen Elizabeth II]] in 1986.<ref name=MalayMail />

===Post-independence===
With [[Federation of Malaya|Malayan]] independence imminent in September 1956, the Chief Minister of Malaya, [[Tunku Abdul Rahman]], presented the deeds of Carcosa and its ((convert|40|acre|m2)) of land to the British Government as a gift, a token of goodwill.<ref name=Warren-Hotels /> He moved a resolution in the Federal Legislative Council which read, "That this Council approve of the proposal to make a free gift of the house and buildings known as "Carcosa", together with the gardens and land attached, as a token of the goodwill of the Malayan people to Her Majesty's Government, for use as the residence and office of the future representative of that government in an Independent Federation." Carcosa then became residence to a succession of [[List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Malaysia|post-independence diplomatic British High Commissioners]].<ref name=Warren-Hotels />

The Carcosa "issue" was taken up by young radical politicians, in particular [[Anwar Ibrahim]] and [[Mahathir Mohamad]], his mentor. Tun [[Daim Zainuddin]] successfully led the campaign for the Malaysian government to own it, yet again. In 1987, possession of the Carcosa estate was returned to the [[Government of Malaysia]].<ref name=Warren-Hotels />

===Hotel===
Soon after the acquisition of the estate, the Malaysian government proceeded to repurpose the estate into a hotel, which opened in 1989, by leasing the estate to hospitality companies: first to Malaysia-based Landmark Hotels and Realty from 1989 to 2010 and then to Saujana Hotels & Resorts from 2010 to 2016. From 2004 to 2010, a Singapore-based company managed the day-to-day operations.<ref name="Star Dec 2015">((cite news |last=Nair |first=Vijenthi |date=2015-12-31 |title=Uncertain future for Carcosa Seri Negara |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/community/2015/12/31/uncertain-future-for-carcosa-seri-negara-hotel-declines-reservations-for-2016-as-it-closes-for-refur/ |newspaper=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=2016-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316151406/http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/community/2015/12/31/uncertain-future-for-carcosa-seri-negara-hotel-declines-reservations-for-2016-as-it-closes-for-refur/ |archive-date=2016-03-16 |url-status=live ))</ref> The lease was set for a renewable 10-year term.<ref name=NST-17 />

Carcosa and the Guest's Palace both served as hotels, with the latter rebranded as Seri Negara. Marketed as a luxurious heritage boutique hotel, much of the mansions' colonial architecture and interior designs were preserved, carefully adapted, and complemented with colonial-themed hotel service. In its inaugural year as a hotel, Carcosa Seri Negara served as the temporary official residence for [[Queen Elizabeth II]] and [[Prince Philip]] when the [[Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1989|1989 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting]] was held in Kuala Lumpur.<ref name=Warren-Hotels /> By 2000, Carcosa was subdivided into seven suites, and Seri Negara held six more, each with a personal butler.<ref name=NYT-2000 />

After the lease for the estate was officially transferred from Landmark to Saujana in December 2010, only Seri Negara resumed operation as a hotel, carrying the Carcosa Seri Negara brand on its own. Carcosa was largely vacated, confined to limited uses, and had been reported to receive only basic maintenance.<ref name="Star Dec 2015"/><ref name=NST-17 /> After the expiry of Saujana's lease on December 31, 2015, the hotel was entirely closed for business and the estate was placed  under the safekeeping of the property and land management division of the [[Prime Minister's Department]]. Plans have been made to assign management of the buildings to the [[Kuala Lumpur City Hall]], with a currently undetermined hospitality company conducting day-to-day operations.<ref name="Star Mar 2016">((cite news |last=M. |first=Bavani |date=2016-03-11 |title=Management takeover |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/community/2016/03/11/management-takeover-govt-looking-for-reputable-company-to-run-carcosa-seri-negara/ |newspaper=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |access-date=2016-04-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312142001/http://www.thestar.com.my/metro/community/2016/03/11/management-takeover-govt-looking-for-reputable-company-to-run-carcosa-seri-negara/ |archive-date=2016-03-12 |url-status=live ))</ref>

====The Logo====
The Carcosa Seri Negara Logo was designed by [http://www.johandesignassociates.com Johan Design Associates] (JDA) in 1989.

The Logo was derived from metaphors (involving natural elements, environment, humanity, charm and beauty etc.), in this case a swan, are quite common, especially in the hospitality-related outlets, exotic resorts, nature's goodness, romance and gender-enhanced branding, where specific nuances are drawn into play. It exude perceptions of warm hospitality, sense of wellbeing, nature's exuberance, high society living and dining.

====Afternoon Tea====
One of Carcosa Seri Negara's trademarks was the English afternoon tea, served in the drawing room, or on the wrap-around verandah, overlooking the gardens. It was served daily.

===Museum===
In April 2017, the Asian Heritage Museum (AMH) signed a 3-year lease to rent Carcosa Seri Negara until 2020 where all its repairs will be solely taken responsible by the museum body itself.<ref name=NST-17>((cite news |url=https://www.nst.com.my/news/2017/04/226343/no-change-carcosa-seri-negaras-heritage-status-wan-junaidi |title=No change in Carcosa Seri Negara's heritage status: Wan Junaidi |date=2 April 2017 |newspaper=New Straits Times |accessdate=1 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002020102/https://www.nst.com.my/news/2017/04/226343/no-change-carcosa-seri-negaras-heritage-status-wan-junaidi |archive-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live ))</ref><ref name="SinarHarian">((Cite news|url=https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/44831/BERITA/Nasional/Carcosa-makin-buruk-sejak-kami-keluar|title='Carcosa makin buruk sejak kami keluar'|last1=Anita Abu Hasan|date=26 August 2019|newspaper=Sinar Harian|last2=Nor Ainna Hamzah|last3=Ahmad Ismadi Ismail|language=Malay))</ref> However, within 1 year before the slated handover in March 2019, the AHM was kicked out from the premises by the Federal Land Commissioner without any explanation with a note of seizure sent to them 1 month later.<ref name="SinarHarian"/>

==In popular culture==
* Scenes for ''[[The 7th Dawn]]'' were filmed at Carcosa Seri Negara.<ref name=NYT-2000>((cite news |url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/travel/asiapacific/000416hotel.html |title=Vestiges of a Grand Life |author=Sanger, David E. |date=16 April 2000 |newspaper=The New York Times |accessdate=1 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181002020423/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/travel/asiapacific/000416hotel.html |archive-date=2 October 2018 |url-status=live ))</ref>
* The residence appeared in an episode of ''[[The Amazing Race 11|The Amazing Race: All-Stars]]'', in which competing teams checked into a "Pit Stop" on the property.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.realitytvworld.com/news/the-amazing-race-all-stars-eliminates-uchenna-and-joyce-agu-4973.php|title='The Amazing Race: All-Stars' eliminates Uchenna and Joyce Agu|work=Reality TV World|last=Rocchio|first=Christopher|date=9 April 2007|accessdate=1 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101013654/https://www.realitytvworld.com/news/the-amazing-race-all-stars-eliminates-uchenna-and-joyce-agu-4973.php|archive-date=1 January 2020|url-status=live))</ref>
* The 2018 film [[Crazy Rich Asians (film)|''Crazy Rich Asians'']] filmed scenes set at the ancestral Young mansion, named Tyersall Park, based on the former estate in [[Singapore]] of the [[Tyersall Park|same name]], at the then-abandoned Carcosa Seri Negara.<ref name=AD-2018>((cite news |url=https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/crazy-rich-asians-sets |title=Here's Why All the Sets in Crazy Rich Asians Look So Authentic and, Well, Rich |first=Cathy |last=Whitlock |date=August 9, 2018 |work=[[Architectural Digest]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]] |accessdate=August 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180823041912/https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/crazy-rich-asians-sets |archive-date=August 23, 2018 |url-status=live ))</ref><ref>((cite web |author1=Tan Mei Zi |title=Here are Malaysian locations featured in 'Crazy Rich Asians' |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2018/08/15/here-are-malaysian-locations-featured-in-crazy-rich-asians/1662727 |website=Malay Mail |access-date=14 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618213644/https://www.malaymail.com/news/showbiz/2018/08/15/here-are-malaysian-locations-featured-in-crazy-rich-asians/1662727 |archive-date=18 June 2021 |date=15 August 2018 |url-status=live ))</ref>
* Carcosa Seri Negara serves as the residences of the Blacketts and Mr Webb in the television production of ''[[The Singapore Grip (TV series)|The Singapore Grip]]''.<ref name="inews">((cite news |last=Polianskaya |first=Alina |date=20 September 2020 |title=Where was The Singapore Grip filmed? The Malaysia filming locations for ITV series based on a JG Farrell book |work=iNews |url=https://inews.co.uk/culture/singapore-grip-where-filmed-malaysia-filming-locations-itv-series-653067))</ref>

== See also ==
Similar British colonial residences:
* [[The Istana]] in Singapore.
* [[Governor's Museum|Governor's residence]] in Malacca.
* [[Suffolk House, Penang|Suffolk House]] and [[The Residency, Penang|The Residency]] in Penang.
* [[Hotel Majestic (Kuala Lumpur)]]

==References==
((reflist))<!--added above External links/Sources by script-assisted edit-->

===Bibliography===
:1.((Note|1))[https://web.archive.org/web/20080401051804/http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/British/NORMAN.html Journal of Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, June 1997, Dr. A. Ghafar Ahmad]

:2.((Note|2))((cite book|author=William Warren, Jill Gocher|title=Asia's legendary hotels: the romance of travel|location=Singapore|publisher=Periplus Editions|year=2007|isbn=978-0-7946-0174-4))

==External links==
((commons category))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080512082651/http://www.carcosa.com.my/ Official Carcosa Seri Negara website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927122056/http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/imagesJPG/images6/calcosa.jpg An early photo of Carcosa]

[[Category:Houses in Malaysia]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Kuala Lumpur]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1898]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures completed in 1913]]
[[Category:1898 establishments in British Malaya]]

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Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
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Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox mapframe (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Mapframe (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:Side box (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Side box/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:String2 (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:WikidataIB (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/nolinks (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:WikidataIB/titleformats (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

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