You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 54.163.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 17:28, 10 March 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪Jon Kolbert‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: See the help page if you are affected .
- Start of block: 18:27, 12 November 2023
- Expiry of block: 18:27, 12 November 2028
Your current IP address is 54.163.179.242. The blocked range is 54.163.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Audience showing cards to create an image))
((More citations needed|date=January 2010))
[[File:CardStunt-010104-RoseBowl.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Large card stunt <ref>((cite web|author= |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tc6hFmhOxxw  |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/tc6hFmhOxxw |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live|title=2004 Rose Bowl - World's Largest American Flag |publisher=YouTube |date= |accessdate=2012-04-23))((cbignore))</ref>((Unreliable source?|date=June 2012)) performed at the [[2004 Rose Bowl]]; instructions to performers are visible on screen at upper right ]]
[[File:แปรอักษร คุณพ่อกอลมเบต์ 2560.png|thumb|300px|Card stunt during a [[Jaturamitr Samakkee]] match in 2017, performed by [[Assumption College (Thailand)]]]]

'''Card stunts''' are a planned, coordinated sequence of actions performed by an audience, whose members raise cards that, in the aggregate, create a recognizable image.  The images they create can range widely and, through careful planning, the same cards can create a number of different images by systematically changing how the cards are held up.  Although card stunts are now performed at a variety of events ranging from [[sports]] to [[political rallies]], the card stunt is closely associated with [[American football]], particularly [[college football]], as well as [[football (soccer)]], where it can form part of a [[tifo]].  The [[North Korea]]n [[mass games]] [[Arirang Festival]], however, were the first to extend the card stunt to an art form, using flip-book cards to produce enormous hour-long animated sequences.

Card Stunts created on a smaller scale (50 to 1,000 cards) are used as team-building exercises for corporations, or to promote a new company logo, or recognize a company milestone.  These card stunts, known as "billboard card stunts," are created using cards that are held above the card holders' heads.  The largest billboard card stunt was created on September 17, 2013, in the desert outside Las Vegas by Kivett Productions.  The card stunts were to promote the opening of [[Britney Spears]]' new show at the [[Planet Hollywood Las Vegas|Planet Hollywood Las Vegas Resort & Casino]].

==By country==
===Mexico===
In Mexico's Heroic Military Academy, card stunts are done during various occasions, especially on September 13, the anniversary of the [[Battle of Chapultepec]], where a program is made in honor of this great battle.

===North Korea===
[[File:North korea mass games.jpg|right|thumb|Arirang Festival in North Korea]]
[[North Korea]]'s yearly [[Arirang Festival]], also known as the Mass Games, in [[Pyongyang]] capitalizes on [[choreography]] and card stunt to create sweeping images across the stadium. The festival is famed for the use of this technique as part of the iconographic propaganda art of the regime.

===Thailand===
[[File:Card stunt coloured card booklets from 66th CU-TU match.jpg|thumb|upright|Colored card booklets on a card stunt "plate"—the performers arrange the cards according to predesigned patterns in order to achieve a detailed aggregate image.]]
Card stunts (((lang-th|การแปรอักษร))) are regularly performed in certain sporting events in [[Thailand]]. They are especially associated with [[Jaturamitr Samakkee]] and [[Chula–Thammasat Traditional Football Match]], but are also employed in most school- and university-level sporting events where performances by the seated crowd often play an important part in the competition. In addition to plain colored cards, other objects such as umbrellas, flashlights and reflective surfaces are also used, and special plates with multiple tiles of colored card booklets are used to create detailed aggregate images.

The origin of such performances in Thailand can be traced back to [[Assumption College (Thailand)|Assumption College]], a member of the Jaturamitr, where in 1942, by the instruction of Cherd Sudara, a teacher at the school, differently-uniformed students in the audience arranged to form the school's initials. This developed into dynamic messages by physical movement of the crowd and later the covering and exposure of specific-colored clothing. The Chula–Thammasat Traditional Football Match adopted the card stunt in 1957; in the following years, cardboard cards became the predominant medium for the stunts. As a part of larger events, performances by [[Chulalongkorn University]] students were featured in the opening ceremony of the [[1974 Asian Games]] in Tehran, and eight thousand students from the Jaturamitr schools performed during the [[1999 FESPIC Games]] in Bangkok.<ref>((cite book|last=Assumption Association|title=อัสสัมชัญประวัติ (Assumption College 115th anniversary commemoration)|publisher=Assumption Association|location=Bangkok|year=2003|pages=114–124|isbn=974-91380-1-5|language=Thai))</ref>

===United States===
A 2006 [[Advertising in the Super Bowl|Super Bowl commercial]] by [[Budweiser (Anheuser-Busch)|Budweiser]], titled "The Wave", features a fictional card stunt using computer animation. The crowd at the [[Rose Bowl Game|Rose Bowl]] performs a card stunt which shows a beer bottle being opened and poured around the stadium into a glass and subsequently being consumed one gulp at a time. The crowd finished with a collective "AHHHH".((Citation needed|date=March 2008))

In February, 2006 the [[Global Gillette|Gillette]] company sponsored the "World's Largest Card Stunt" at the [[NASCAR]] [[Daytona 500]] with over 118,000 fans set to participate.  The Card Stunts were produced by Kivett Productions.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.pginvestor.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=104574&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=818705&highlight= |title=2006 Daytona 500 |publisher=Pginvestor.com |accessdate=2012-04-23 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022145119/http://www.pginvestor.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=104574&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=818705&highlight= |archivedate=2006-10-22 ))</ref> During the singing of the [[Star-spangled banner|US National Anthem]], fans held up cards forming a patriotic design consisting of stars and stripes. Following the anthem, fans flipped the cards to display the "Gillette Fusion" logo.

On August 25, 2007, the Bristol Motor Speedway and Kivett Productions broke the Daytona 500 record, by creating what is now the World's Largest Card Stunt with 128,000 cards.  There were two card stunts that were sponsored by Sprint; and the Card Stunts took place during the Food City 500 Race.  An army of 325 workers spend 5 hours placing the cards in the seats.

==Other performances==

===College traditions===
The first card stunt was performed by students at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] ("Cal") during the 1910 [[Big Game (football)|Big Game]] against rival [[Stanford University]], and consisted of two stunts in total: a picture of the [[Stanford Axe]] and a large blue "C" on a white background.((Citation needed|date=April 2011))  While the card stunt is closely associated with college football, this first instance took place at a [[Rugby football|rugby]] match because all the major colleges and universities on the West Coast of the United States had briefly dropped football in favor of rugby during the early 1910s.  As universities switched back, students brought the card stunts with them and by that time they became a national phenomenon associated with college football.  While the tradition has subsided at many American colleges and universities, Cal maintains the tradition through the UC Rally Committee.

"Block I", the football student cheering section at the [[University of Illinois]], also maintains the tradition by performing a 2000-member, 12-image card stunt during halftime of each home football game.((citation needed|date=June 2015))

Card stunts have been the object of several famous college pranks, including the [[Great Rose Bowl Hoax]] and the [[2004 Harvard-Yale Prank]].

===Olympics===
[[File:RIAN archive 488322 Flag-bearers of states-participants of the XXII Summer Olympic Games cropped.jpg|thumb|Misha in 1980, Moscow]]

At the opening and closing ceremonies of Moscow [[1980 Summer Olympics]] in [[Moscow]] at the Olympic Stadium (now [[Luzhniki Stadium]]), some 6,800 Soviet Army cadets in front of the presidium created many images using this technique.  The cadets practiced some six months to perfect their card formations.  One of the most memorable was a [[Misha]] with a tear dropping, during the closing ceremonies of the event.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1980 |title=Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics &#124; Olympic Videos, Photos, News |publisher=Olympic.org |date= |accessdate=2012-04-23))</ref><ref>"Secrets of the Olympic Ceremonies" by Myles A. Garcia, MAG Publishing, (c) 2010, page 23.</ref>

The opening ceremony of the [[1984 Summer Olympics]] at the [[Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum]] boasted the single, biggest card stunt at the time. 85,000 spectators found colored cards in their seats (which had been preassigned by a computer simulation); and at one point the ceremony, just before the Parade of Nations segment, all 85,000 spectators flashed their cards to form supposedly all the flags of the nations in attendance.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past/index_uk.asp?OLGT=1&OLGY=1984 |title=los-angeles 1984 Summer Olympics &#124; Olympic Videos, Photos, News |publisher=Olympic.org |date= |accessdate=2012-04-23))</ref>  

This idea was tried again during the opening ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games held in Vancouver, Canada. But the idea was discarded when during rehearsals it was realized that the same effect would not be achieved due to the fact that BC Place was an indoor stadium, while the Los Angeles Coliseum was an open stadium and the ceremony took place in the late afternoon.<ref>"Secrets of the Olympic Ceremonies" by Myles A. Garcia, MAG Publishing, (c) 2010, footnote, page 39.</ref>

At the [[2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony]], an effect similar to a card stunt was achieved by mounting a small panel with LED lights next to every spectator seat in the stadium, effectively turning the entire seating area into a big display for the audience seated on the opposite side.  The show's producers, rather than the audience, controlled the light panels.

Card stunts involving large numbers of people have become a standard part of similar celebratory gatherings in countries such as [[North Korea]].

== Fiction ==
In 1958, the [[science fiction]] author [[Arthur C. Clarke]] published "A Slight Case of Sunstroke" (also called "The Stroke of the Sun"), a short story in which a diabolical card stunt was used to kill an unpopular [[soccer referee]].<ref name=Valia01>((cite web|last=Valia|first=Tinkoo|title=Arthur C Clarke's "A Slight Case of Sunstroke" aka "The Stroke of the Sun" (short story, free): An innocent murder weapon|url=http://variety-sf.blogspot.com/2007/09/arthur-clarkes-slight-case-of-sunstroke.html|publisher=Variety SF|accessdate=2011-04-16))</ref> In the narrative, a large number of hostile spectators aim reflective program covers at the unfortunate umpire, who is vaporized in the resulting [[solar furnace]].

==See also==
* [[Wave (audience)]]
* [[Tifo]]
* [[Mass games]]

==References==
((Reflist|30em))

== External links ==
* [http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/Hoaxipedia/Great_Rose_Bowl_Hoax/ The Great Rose Bowl Hoax (1961)]: Students from [[California Institute of Technology|Caltech]] play a trick on the card stunt section of the [[University of Washington]]
*((commons category-inline|Card stunts))

((DEFAULTSORT:Card Stunt))
[[Category:Sports terminology]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Card stunt (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Cbignore (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Citation needed (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite book (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Commons category-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Delink (view source) (protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Fix (view source) (protected)
Template:Fix/category (view source) (protected)
Template:If empty (view source) (protected)
Template:Lang-th (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Sister-inline (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Unreliable source? (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Commons link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Delink (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:Exponential search (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:If empty (view source) (protected)
Module:Lang (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/ISO 639 synonyms (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Lang/data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana languages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana regions (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana suppressed scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Language/data/iana variants (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unicode data (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unicode data/scripts (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Card stunt.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Card_stunt"