Photograph of Pope Benedict XVI
Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger was elected Pope Benedict XVI by the conclave on 19 April 2005.

The papal conclave of 2005 was convened to elect a pope, the leader of the Catholic Church, to succeed Pope John Paul II following his death on 2 April 2005. In accordance with the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, which governed the vacancy of the Holy See, only cardinals who had not passed their 80th birthday on the day on which the Holy See became vacant (in this case, cardinals who were born on or after 2 April 1925) were eligible to participate in the conclave.[1] Although not a formal requirement, the cardinal electors invariably elected the pope from among their number. The election was carried out by secret ballot (Latin: per scrutinium).[1]

Of the 183 members of the College of Cardinals at the time of John Paul II's death, there were 117 cardinal electors who were eligible to participate in the subsequent conclave.[2] Two cardinal electors did not participate, decreasing the number in attendance to 115.[3][4] The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority was 77, or (only in the event of a protracted deadlock) a simple majority of 58.[1]

Of the 115 attending cardinal electors, 5 were cardinal bishops, 93 were cardinal priests, and 17 were cardinal deacons; 2 had been created cardinals by Pope Paul VI and 113 by Pope John Paul II; 24 worked in the service of the Holy See (such as in the Roman Curia), 73 were in pastoral ministry outside Rome, and 18 had retired. The oldest cardinal elector in the conclave was Marco Cé, at the age of 79,[5] and the youngest was Péter Erdő, at the age of 52.[6] Another 66 cardinals were ineligible to participate in the conclave, for reasons of age.[2]

The cardinal electors entered the Sistine Chapel to begin the conclave on 18 April 2005.[7] On 19 April, after four ballots over two days, they elected Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, who took the papal name Benedict XVI.[8]

Cardinal electors

The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders: cardinal bishops (CB), cardinal priests (CP) and cardinal deacons (CD), with precedence in that sequence. This is the order in which the cardinal electors process into the conclave, take the oath and cast their ballots.[1] For cardinal bishops, except the Eastern Catholic patriarchs, the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice-dean and then by the rest in order of appointment as cardinal bishops. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.[4]

Three of the cardinal electors were from the Eastern Catholic Churches: Ignace Moussa I Daoud (Syriac), Varkey Vithayathil (Syro-Malabar) and Lubomyr Husar (Ukrainian). The senior cardinal bishop, the senior cardinal priest, the senior cardinal deacon and the junior cardinal deacon, who were assigned specific roles in the conclave, such as presiding over the conclave itself (the senior cardinal bishop) or announcing the election of the pope (the senior cardinal deacon),[1] were, respectively, Joseph Ratzinger, William Wakefield Baum, Jorge Arturo Medina Estévez and Attilio Nicora.[4] The camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church, who was in charge of administering the Holy See during its vacancy, was Eduardo Martínez Somalo.[1][9]

The data below are as of 2 April 2005, the date on which the Holy See became vacant. All cardinals are of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters.

* Elected pope
Rank Name Country Born Order Consistory Office Ref.
1 Joseph Ratzinger* Germany 16 April 1927
(age 77) 		CB 27 June 1977
Paul VI 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (Dean) [10]
2 Angelo Sodano Italy 23 November 1927
(age 77) 		CB 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Secretary of State (Vice-Dean) [11]
3 Alfonso López Trujillo Colombia 8 November 1935
(age 69) 		CB 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		President of the Pontifical Council for the Family [12]
4 Giovanni Battista Re Italy 30 January 1934
(age 71) 		CB 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Prefect of the Congregation for Bishops [13]
5 Ignace Moussa I Daoud Syria 18 September 1930
(age 74) 		CB 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches
(Syriac Church) 		[14]
6 William Wakefield Baum United States 21 November 1926
(age 78) 		CP 24 May 1976
Paul VI 		Major Penitentiary emeritus [15]
7 Marco Cé Italy 8 July 1925
(age 79) 		CP 30 June 1979
John Paul II 		Patriarch emeritus of Venice [5]
8 Franciszek Macharski Poland 20 May 1927
(age 77) 		CP 30 June 1979
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Kraków [16]
9 Michael Michai Kitbunchu Thailand 25 January 1929
(age 76) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Bangkok [17]
10 Godfried Danneels Belgium 4 June 1933
(age 71) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Mechelen–Brussels [18]
11 Thomas Stafford Williams New Zealand 20 March 1930
(age 75) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Wellington [19]
12 Carlo Maria Martini SJ Italy 15 February 1927
(age 78) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Milan [20]
13 Jean-Marie Lustiger France 17 September 1926
(age 78) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Paris [21]
14 Józef Glemp Poland 18 December 1929
(age 75) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Warsaw [22]
15 Joachim Meisner Germany 25 December 1933
(age 71) 		CP 2 February 1983
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Cologne [23]
16 Francis Arinze Nigeria 1 November 1932
(age 72) 		CP 25 May 1985
John Paul II 		Prefect of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments [24]
17 Miguel Obando Bravo SDB Nicaragua 2 February 1926
(age 79) 		CP 25 May 1985
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Managua [25]
18 Ricardo Jamin Vidal Philippines 6 February 1931
(age 74) 		CP 25 May 1985
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Cebu [26]
19 Paul Poupard France 30 August 1930
(age 74) 		CP 25 May 1985
John Paul II 		President of the Pontifical Council for Culture [27]
20 Friedrich Wetter Germany 20 February 1928
(age 77) 		CP 25 May 1985
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Munich and Freising [28]
21 Adrianus Johannes Simonis Netherlands 26 November 1931
(age 73) 		CP 25 May 1985
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Utrecht [29]
22 Bernard Francis Law United States 4 November 1931
(age 73) 		CP 25 May 1985
John Paul II 		Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Mary Major [30]
23 Giacomo Biffi Italy 13 June 1928
(age 76) 		CP 25 May 1985
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Bologna [31]
24 Eduardo Martínez Somalo Spain 31 March 1927
(age 78) 		CP 28 June 1988
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life and Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church [9]
25 José Freire Falcão Brazil 23 October 1925
(age 79) 		CP 28 June 1988
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Brasília [32]
26 Michele Giordano Italy 22 September 1930
(age 74) 		CP 28 June 1988
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Naples [33]
27 Edmund Casimir Szoka United States 14 September 1927
(age 77) 		CP 28 June 1988
John Paul II 		President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State [34]
28 László Paskai OFM Hungary 8 May 1927
(age 77) 		CP 28 June 1988
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Esztergom–Budapest [35]
29 Christian Wiyghan Tumi Cameroon 15 October 1930
(age 74) 		CP 28 June 1988
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Douala [36]
30 Frédéric Etsou-Nzabi-Bamungwabi CICM Democratic Republic of the Congo 3 December 1930
(age 74) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Kinshasa [37]
31 Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez Dominican Republic 31 October 1936
(age 68) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Santo Domingo [38]
32 Roger Michael Mahony United States 27 February 1936
(age 69) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Los Angeles [39]
33 Camillo Ruini Italy 19 February 1931
(age 74) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Vicar General for Rome and Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint John Lateran [40]
34 Henri Schwery Switzerland 14 June 1932
(age 72) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Bishop emeritus of Sion [41]
35 Georg Maximilian Sterzinsky Germany 9 February 1936
(age 69) 		CP 28 June 1991
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Berlin [42]
36 Miloslav Vlk Czech Republic 17 May 1932
(age 72) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Prague [43]
37 Peter Seiichi Shirayanagi Japan 17 June 1928
(age 76) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Tokyo [44]
38 Julius Darmaatmadja SJ Indonesia 20 December 1934
(age 70) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Jakarta [45]
39 Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino Cuba 18 October 1936
(age 68) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana [46]
40 Emmanuel Wamala Uganda 15 December 1926
(age 78) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Kampala [47]
41 William Henry Keeler United States 4 March 1931
(age 74) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Baltimore [48]
42 Jean-Claude Turcotte Canada 26 June 1936
(age 68) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Montreal [49]
43 Ricardo María Carles Gordó Spain 24 September 1926
(age 78) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Barcelona [50]
44 Adam Joseph Maida United States 18 March 1930
(age 75) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Detroit [51]
45 Vinko Puljić Bosnia and Herzegovina 8 September 1945
(age 59) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Vrhbosna [52]
46 Armand Gaetan Razafindratandra Madagascar 7 August 1925
(age 79) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Antananarivo [53]
47 Juan Sandoval Íñiguez Mexico 28 March 1933
(age 72) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Guadalajara [54]
48 Salvatore De Giorgi Italy 6 September 1930
(age 74) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Palermo [55]
49 Antonio María Rouco Varela Spain 20 August 1936
(age 68) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Madrid [56]
50 Aloysius Matthew Ambrozic Canada 27 January 1930
(age 75) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Toronto [57]
51 Dionigi Tettamanzi Italy 14 March 1934
(age 71) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Milan [58]
52 Polycarp Pengo Tanzania 5 August 1944
(age 60) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Dar-es-Salaam [59]
53 Christoph Schönborn OP Austria 22 January 1945
(age 60) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Vienna [60]
54 Norberto Rivera Carrera Mexico 6 June 1942
(age 62) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Mexico [61]
55 Francis Eugene George OMI United States 16 January 1937
(age 68) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Chicago [62]
56 Marian Jaworski Poland[a] 21 August 1926
(age 78) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Lviv [63]
57 Jānis Pujats Latvia 14 November 1930
(age 74) 		CP 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Riga [64]
58 Ivan Dias India 14 April 1936
(age 68) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Bombay [65]
59 Geraldo Majella Agnelo Brazil 19 October 1933
(age 71) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of São Salvador da Bahia [66]
60 Pedro Rubiano Sáenz Colombia 13 September 1932
(age 72) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Bogotá [67]
61 Theodore Edgar McCarrick United States 7 July 1930
(age 74) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Washington [68]
62 Desmond Connell Ireland 24 March 1926
(age 79) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Dublin [69]
63 Audrys Juozas Bačkis Lithuania 1 February 1937
(age 68) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Vilnius [70]
64 Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa ISch Chile 5 September 1933
(age 71) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Santiago de Chile [71]
65 Julio Terrazas Sandoval CSsR Bolivia 7 March 1936
(age 69) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Santa Cruz de la Sierra [72]
66 Wilfrid Fox Napier OFM South Africa 8 March 1941
(age 64) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Durban [73]
67 Óscar Andrés Rodríguez Maradiaga SDB Honduras 29 December 1942
(age 62) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Tegucigalpa [74]
68 Bernard Agré Ivory Coast 2 March 1926
(age 79) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Abidjan [75]
69 Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne Peru 28 December 1943
(age 61) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Lima [76]
70 Francisco Álvarez Martínez Spain 14 July 1925
(age 79) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Toledo [77]
71 Cláudio Hummes OFM Brazil 8 August 1934
(age 70) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of São Paulo [78]
72 Varkey Vithayathil CSsR India 29 May 1927
(age 77) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Major Archbishop of Ernakulam–Angamaly
(Syro-Malabar Church) 		[79]
73 Jorge Mario Bergoglio SJ Argentina 17 December 1936
(age 68) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Buenos Aires [80]
74 José da Cruz Policarpo Portugal 26 February 1936
(age 69) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Patriarch of Lisbon [81]
75 Severino Poletto Italy 18 March 1933
(age 72) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Turin [82]
76 Cormac Murphy-O'Connor United Kingdom 24 August 1932
(age 72) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Westminster [83]
77 Edward Michael Egan United States 2 April 1932
(age 73) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Archbishop of New York [84]
78 Lubomyr Husar MSU Ukraine 26 February 1933
(age 72) 		CP 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Major Archbishop of Kyiv–Galicia
(Ukrainian Greek Church) 		[85]
79 Karl Lehmann Germany 16 May 1936
(age 68) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Bishop of Mainz [86]
80 Angelo Scola Italy 7 November 1941
(age 63) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Patriarch of Venice [87]
81 Anthony Olubunmi Okogie Nigeria 16 June 1936
(age 68) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Lagos [88]
82 Bernard Panafieu France 26 January 1931
(age 74) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Marseille [89]
83 Gabriel Zubeir Wako Sudan 27 February 1941
(age 64) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Khartoum [90]
84 Carlos Amigo Vallejo OFM Spain 23 August 1934
(age 70) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Seville [91]
85 Justin Francis Rigali United States 19 April 1935
(age 69) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Philadelphia [92]
86 Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien United Kingdom 17 March 1938
(age 67) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Saint Andrews and Edinburgh [93]
87 Eusébio Oscar Scheid SCI Brazil 8 December 1932
(age 72) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro [94]
88 Ennio Antonelli Italy 18 November 1936
(age 68) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Florence [95]
89 Tarcisio Bertone SDB Italy 2 December 1934
(age 70) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Genoa [96]
90 Peter Kodwo Appiah Turkson Ghana 11 October 1948
(age 56) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Cape Coast [97]
91 Telesphore Placidus Toppo India 15 October 1939
(age 65) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Ranchi [98]
92 George Pell Australia 8 June 1941
(age 63) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Sydney [99]
93 Josip Bozanić Croatia 20 March 1949
(age 56) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Zagreb [100]
94 Jean-Baptiste Phạm Minh Mẫn Vietnam 5 March 1934
(age 71) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Ho Chi Minh City [101]
95 Rodolfo Quezada Toruño Guatemala 8 March 1932
(age 73) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Guatemala [102]
96 Philippe Barbarin France 17 October 1950
(age 54) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Lyon [103]
97 Péter Erdő Hungary 25 June 1952
(age 52) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Esztergom–Budapest [6]
98 Marc Ouellet PSS Canada 8 June 1944
(age 60) 		CP 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archbishop of Quebec [104]
99 Jorge Arturo Medina Estévez Chile 23 December 1926
(age 78) 		CD 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments (Protodeacon) [105]
100 Darío Castrillón Hoyos Colombia 4 July 1929
(age 75) 		CD 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy and President of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei [106]
101 James Francis Stafford United States 26 July 1932
(age 72) 		CD 21 February 1998
John Paul II 		Major Penitentiary [107]
102 Agostino Cacciavillan Italy 14 August 1926
(age 78) 		CD 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		President emeritus of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See [108]
103 Sergio Sebastiani Italy 11 April 1931
(age 73) 		CD 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		President of the Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See [109]
104 Zenon Grocholewski Poland 11 October 1939
(age 65) 		CD 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Prefect of the Congregation for Catholic Education [110]
105 José Saraiva Martins CMF Portugal 6 January 1932
(age 73) 		CD 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints [111]
106 Crescenzio Sepe Italy 2 June 1943
(age 61) 		CD 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples [112]
107 Mario Francesco Pompedda Italy 18 April 1929
(age 75) 		CD 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		Prefect emeritus of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura [113]
108 Walter Kasper Germany 5 March 1933
(age 72) 		CD 21 February 2001
John Paul II 		President of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity [114]
109 Jean-Louis Tauran France 5 April 1943
(age 61) 		CD 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archivist and Librarian of the Holy Roman Church [115]
110 Renato Raffaele Martino Italy 23 November 1932
(age 72) 		CD 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		President of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace [116]
111 Francesco Marchisano Italy 25 June 1929
(age 75) 		CD 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		Archpriest of the Papal Basilica of Saint Peter and President of the Labour Office of the Apostolic See [117]
112 Julián Herranz Casado Spain 31 March 1930
(age 75) 		CD 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		President of the Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts [118]
113 Javier Lozano Barragán Mexico 26 January 1933
(age 72) 		CD 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Health Care Workers [119]
114 Stephen Fumio Hamao Japan 9 March 1930
(age 75) 		CD 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		President of the Pontifical Council for the Pastoral Care of Migrants and Itinerant People [120]
115 Attilio Nicora Italy 16 March 1937
(age 68) 		CD 21 October 2003
John Paul II 		President of the Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See [121]

Not in attendance

Rank Name Country Born Order Consistory Office Reason for absence Ref.
1 Jaime Lachica Sin Philippines 31 August 1928
(age 76) 		CP 24 May 1976
Paul VI 		Archbishop emeritus of Manila Health (illness) [122]
2 Adolfo Antonio Suárez Rivera Mexico 9 January 1927
(age 78) 		CP 26 November 1994
John Paul II 		Archbishop emeritus of Monterrey Health (illness) [123]

Cardinal electors by continent and by country

The 115 attending cardinal electors were from 52 countries on all six inhabited continents. The countries with the greatest number of cardinal electors were Italy (twenty), the United States (eleven) and, jointly, Germany and Spain (six each).

Numbered choropleth world map showing the number of cardinal electors for the 2005 papal conclave from each country
Choropleth map indicating the number of cardinal electors in attendance from each country (unnumbered countries denote one cardinal elector)[b]
* Continent/country of elected pope
Cardinal electors by continent
Continent Number Percentage
Africa 11 9.6%
North America 22 19.1%
South America 12 10.4%
Asia 10 8.7%
Europe* 58 50.4%
Oceania 2 1.7%
Total 115 100.0%
Cardinal electors by country
Country Continent Number
Argentina South America 1
Australia Oceania 1
Austria Europe 1
Belgium Europe 1
Bolivia South America 1
Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe 1
Brazil South America 4
Cameroon Africa 1
Canada North America 3
Chile South America 2
Colombia South America 3
Democratic Republic of the Congo Africa 1
Croatia Europe 1
Cuba North America 1
Czech Republic Europe 1
Dominican Republic North America 1
France Europe 5
Germany* Europe 6
Ghana Africa 1
Guatemala North America 1
Honduras North America 1
Hungary Europe 2
India Asia 3
Indonesia Asia 1
Ireland Europe 1
Italy Europe 20
Ivory Coast Africa 1
Japan Asia 2
Latvia Europe 1
Lithuania Europe 1
Madagascar Africa 1
Mexico North America 3
Netherlands Europe 1
New Zealand Oceania 1
Nicaragua North America 1
Nigeria Africa 2
Peru South America 1
Philippines Asia 1
Poland Europe 4
Portugal Europe 2
South Africa Africa 1
Spain Europe 6
Sudan Africa 1
Switzerland Europe 1
Syria Asia 1
Tanzania Africa 1
Thailand Asia 1
Uganda Africa 1
Ukraine Europe 1
United Kingdom Europe 2
United States North America 11
Vietnam Asia 1
Total 115

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Jaworski's territorial jurisdiction as Archbishop of Lviv was in Ukraine.
  2. ^ This map indicates three cardinal electors from Poland and two cardinal electors from Ukraine, reflecting Marian Jaworski considered to be from Ukraine, rather than from Poland (as in the table). There is also an anachronistic border between South Sudan and Sudan; the indicated area of both countries correctly represents the former territory of Sudan at the time.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Pope John Paul II (22 February 1996). "Universi Dominici Gregis". The Holy See (Apostolic constitution). Libreria Editrice Vaticana. Archived from the original on 22 November 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  2. ^ a b O'Connell, Gerard (4 April 2005). "Search for next pope begins as 183 cardinals gather in Rome". The Independent. Archived from the original on 26 October 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2005.
  3. ^ "Briefing del Direttore della Sala Stampa della Santa Sede, Dr. Joaquín Navarro-Valls" [Briefing of the Director of the Holy See Press Office, Dr. Joaquín Navarro-Valls]. Sala Stampa della Santa Sede. 9 April 2005. Archived from the original on 12 September 2015. Retrieved 9 April 2005.
  4. ^ a b c "Elenco degli Em.mi Cardinali che entrano in Conclave secondo il loro rispettivo ordine di precedenza (Vescovi, Presbiteri, Diaconi)" [List of the Eminent Cardinals entering into Conclave according to their respective order of precedence (Bishops, Priests, Deacons)]. Sala Stampa della Santa Sede (in Italian). 18 April 2005. Archived from the original on 9 March 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2005.
  5. ^ a b "Cé Card. Marco". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  6. ^ a b "Erdő Card. Péter". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  7. ^ "Ingresso in Conclave" [Entrance into the Conclave]. Sala Stampa della Santa Sede (in Italian). 18 April 2005. Archived from the original on 9 March 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2005.
  8. ^ "L'annuncio dell'elezione del Papa" [Announcement of the election of the Pope]. Sala Stampa della Santa Sede. 19 April 2005. Archived from the original on 9 March 2014. Retrieved 19 April 2005.
  9. ^ a b "Martínez Somalo Card. Eduardo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  10. ^ "Ratzinger Card. Joseph". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 8 February 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  11. ^ "Sodano Card. Angelo". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  12. ^ "López Trujillo Card. Alfonso". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 3 November 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  13. ^ "Re Card. Giovanni Battista". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  14. ^ "Daoud Card. Ignace Moussa I". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  15. ^ "Baum Card. William Wakefield". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  16. ^ "Macharski Card. Franciszek". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  17. ^ "Kitbunchu Card. Michael Michai". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  18. ^ "Danneels Card. Godfried". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  19. ^ "Williams Card. Thomas Stafford". Holy See Press Office. Archived from the original on 4 September 2017. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
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