Pope Gregory X (1271–1276) create five cardinals in one consistory.[1]
According to Cardella[2] in 1275 Gregory X celebrated the second consistory for the creation of two additional cardinals, but modern scholars have established that this never happened:[3]
| "Presumed" cardinal | Alleged cardinalate | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Giovanni Visconti, nephew of the pope | Cardinal-bishop of Sabina 1275–1277/78. According to Cardella, in 1276 he was named judge in the case concerning the translation of bishop Giovanni of Potenza to the archbishopric of Monreale, postulated by the cathedral chapter of Monreale[4] | The existence of this cardinal is not possible at that time because the suburbicarian see of Sabina was occupied by Bertrand de Saint-Martin from 1273 until 1278[5] The document of John XXI concerning the postulation of bishop Giovanni of Potenza to the see of Monreale actually refers to cardinal Bertrand and even explicitly calls him by name![6] |
| Teobaldo de Ceccano, O.Cist., abbot of Fossanova | Cardinal-priest 1275–1279, papal legate on several occasions[7] | There is no documentary proof of his promotion to the cardinalate; contemporary sources call him only abbot of Fossanova[8] |
Apart from the lack of any documentary proof attesting the promotion of these individuals (in the case of Visconti even of his existence), the contemporary chronicler Salimbene explicitly says that the consistory of 1273 was the only single promotion of new cardinals in the pontificate of Gregory X, and mentions only five cardinals promoted at that time.[9]