Carney is an Irish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Alan Carney (1909–1973), American actor and comedian
• Art Carney (1918–2003), American actor best known for playing Ed Norton on The Honeymooners
• Augustus Carney (1870–1920), American actor
• Charles J. Carney (1913–1987), United States Congressman and Ohio state senator
• Charles Carney (Jacobite) (died 1693), an Irish soldier of the 17th century
• Brian Carney (rugby) (born 1976), Irish rugby league and rugby union footballer
• Brian Carney (editorialist), American journalist
• Chris Carney (born 1959), American politician, Democratic congressman from Pennsylvania's 10th district
• Dan and Frank Carney, American businessmen, founders of Pizza Hut
• Daniel Carney (1944–1987), Rhodesian novelist
• David Carney (born 1983), Australian footballer
• Forrest Avery Carney (born 1992), American singer-songwriter
• Gene Carney (1895–1952), English footballer
• George Carney (1887–1947), British actor
• Harry Carney (1910–1974), American jazz musician
• Jack Carney (baseball) (1866–1925), American professional baseball player
• Jay Carney (born 1965), White House Press Secretary
• Jeffrey Carney, former United States Air Force intelligence specialist convicted of spying for East Germany
• John Carney (American football) (born 1964), American football placekicker
• John Carney (director) (born 1972), Irish film and TV director
• John Carney (magician) (born 1958), American sleight-of-hand artist, author and actor
• John "Bam" Carney (born 1969), American politician, member of the Kentucky House of Representatives
• John Carney (born 1956), American politician, former U.S. Representative and current Governor of Delaware
• Julia Carney (1823–1908; pseudonym, "Minnie May"), American educator, poet
• Justin Carney (born 1988), Australian rugby league footballer
• Karen Carney (born 1987), English football player
• Keith Carney (born 1970), American ice hockey player
• Mark Carney (born 1965), former governor of the Bank of England, and the Bank of Canada
• Mike Carney (born 1966), Canadian alpine skier
• Pat Carney (1935–2023), Canadian senator
• Patrick Carney (born 1980), American drummer of The Black Keys
• Ralph Carney (1956–2017), American musician
• Reeve Carney (born 1983), American musician and actor
• Rodney Carney (born 1984), American basketball player
• Ray Carney, American film theoretician
• Scott Carney (born 1978) American investigative journalist
• Steve Carney (1957–2013), English footballer
• Susan M. Carney (born 1962), American jurist
• Thomas Carney (1824–1888), 2nd Governor of Kansas
• Thomas M. Carney (1929–1964), American politician
• Todd Carney (born 1986), Australian rugby league footballer
• William Carney (1942–2017), American member of the United States House of Representatives from New York
• William Harvey Carney (1840–1908), American Civil War soldier and the first African American to earn the Medal of Honor
• Robert Carney (1895–1990) American U. S. Navy admiral and Chief of Naval Operations (1953–1955)