Carnotaurines
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous, 98–66 Ma
Mounted cast of a Carnotaurus sastrei skeleton, Chlupáč Museum, Prague
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Family: †Abelisauridae
Subfamily: †Carnotaurinae
Sereno, 1998
Type species
†Carnotaurus sastrei
Bonaparte, 1985
Subgroups

See text.

Carnotaurinae is a subfamily of the theropod dinosaur family Abelisauridae. It includes the dinosaurs Aucasaurus (from Argentina), Carnotaurus (from Argentina). The group was first proposed by American paleontologist Paul Sereno in 1998, defined as a clade containing all abelisaurids more closely related to Carnotaurus than to Majungasaurus.[1]

Classification

Size comparison of various genera within Carnotaurinae

Phylogeny

In 2008, Canale et al. published a phylogenetic analysis focusing on the South American carnotaurines. In their results, they found that all South American forms (including Ilokelesia) grouped together as a sub-clade of Carnotaurinae, which they named Brachyrostra, meaning "short snouts." They defined the clade Brachyrostra as "all the abelisaurids more closely related to Carnotaurus sastrei than to Majungasaurus crenatissimus."[3]

Carnotaurinae 

Majungasaurus

Brachyrostra 
Carnotaurini 

Carnotaurus

Aucasaurus

Ilokelesia

 

Skorpiovenator

Ekrixinatosaurus

An analysis conducted by Tortosa et al. in 2013 moved several carnotaurine taxa into the newly named Majungasaurinae, and moved many abelisaurids into Carnotaurini.

Abelisauridae

Kryptops

Rugops

Genusaurus

MCF-PVPH-237 abelisaurid

Xenotarsosaurus

Tarascosaurus

La Boucharde abelisaurid

 
Majungasaurinae

Pourcieux abelisaurid

Arcovenator

Majungasaurus

Indosaurus

Rahiolisaurus

Rajasaurus

Brachyrostra

Ilokelesia

 

Ekrixinatosaurus

 

Skorpiovenator

 
Carnotaurini

Abelisaurus

Aucasaurus

Pycnonemosaurus

Quilmesaurus

Carnotaurus

Carnotaurinae in cladogram according to Wang et al. 2017.[8]

Abelisauridae

Rugops

Abelisaurus

Ilokelesia

Carnotaurinae
Majungasaurinae

Indosaurus

Arcovenator

Dahalokely

Majungasaurus

Rajasaurus

Rahiolisaurus

Brachyrostra

Aucasaurus

Carnotaurus

Skorpiovenator

Quilmesaurus

Ekrixinatosaurus

Pycnonemosaurus

See also

References

  1. ^ Sereno, Paul C. (10 November 1998). "A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 210 (1): 41–83. doi:10.1127/njgpa/210/1998/41.
  2. ^ Delcourt, Rafael (27 June 2018). "Ceratosaur palaeobiology: new insights on evolution and ecology of the southern rulers". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 9730. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.9730D. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28154-x. PMC 6021374. PMID 29950661.
  3. ^ a b c d Canale, Juan I.; Scanferla, Carlos A.; Agnolin, Federico L.; Novas, Fernando E. (5 December 2008). "New carnivorous dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of NW Patagonia and the evolution of abelisaurid theropods". Naturwissenschaften. 96 (3): 409–414. Bibcode:2009NW.....96..409C. doi:10.1007/s00114-008-0487-4. hdl:11336/52024. PMID 19057888.
  4. ^ Baiano, Mattia A.; Pol, Diego; Bellardini, Flavio; Windholz, Guillermo J.; Cerda, Ignacio A.; Garrido, Alberto C.; Coria, Rodolfo A (2022-09-05). "Elemgasem nubilus: a new brachyrostran abelisaurid (Theropoda, Ceratosauria) from the Portezuelo Formation (Upper Cretaceous) of Patagonia, Argentina". Papers in Palaeontology. 8 (5): e1462. doi:10.1002/spp2.1462.
  5. ^ a b Agnolín, Federico L.; Cerroni, Mauricio A.; Scanferla, Agustín; Goswami, Anjali; Paulina-Carabajal, Ariana; Halliday, Thomas; Cuff, Andrew R.; Reuil, Santiago (2022-02-10). "First definitive abelisaurid theropod from the Late Cretaceous of Northwestern Argentina". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (4): e2002348. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.2002348. ISSN 0272-4634. S2CID 246766133.
  6. ^ Delcourt, Rafael; Iori, Fabiano Vidoi (16 November 2018). "A new Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from São José do Rio Preto Formation, Upper Cretaceous of Brazil and comments on the Bauru Group fauna". Historical Biology. 32 (7): 917–924. doi:10.1080/08912963.2018.1546700.
  7. ^ Tortosa, Thierry; Buffetaut, Eric; Vialle, Nicolas; Dutour, Yves; Turini, Eric; Cheylan, Gilles (January 2014). "A new abelisaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of southern France: Palaeobiogeographical implications". Annales de Paléontologie. 100 (1): 63–86. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2013.10.003.
  8. ^ Wang, Shuo; Stiegler, Josef; Amiot, Romain; Wang, Xu; Du, Guo-hao; Clark, James M.; Xu, Xing (January 2017). "Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod". Current Biology. 27 (1): 144–148. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043. ISSN 0960-9822.

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