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((short description|Air transport between an aircraft carrier and land bases))
((More citations needed|date=February 2013))
[[File:US Navy 110722-N-BR887-022 Sailors move more than ten thousand pounds of mail delivered by two C-2A Greyhound aircraft assigned to Carrier Logistic.jpg|thumb|300px|((USS|George Washington|CVN-73)) crew unload mail from two C-2A Greyhounds in 2011]]

'''Carrier onboard delivery''' ('''COD''') is the use of aircraft to ferry personnel, mail, supplies, and high-priority cargo, such as [[spare part|replacement part]]s, from shore bases to an [[aircraft carrier]] at sea.<ref>((cite web |title= United States Navy Fact File |url= http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=1100&tid=100&ct=1 |work= United States Navy |publisher= United States Navy |date= April 4, 2013 |access-date= April 24, 2013 |archive-date= April 17, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160417220410/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/fact_display.asp?cid=1100&tid=100&ct=1 |url-status= live ))</ref> Several types of aircraft, including helicopters, have been used by navies in the COD role. The [[Grumman C-2 Greyhound]] has been the [[United States Navy]]'s primary COD aircraft since the mid-1960s.<ref>((cite book |title=A Dictionary of Aviation |first=David W. |last=Wragg |isbn=9780850451634 |edition=first |publisher=Osprey |year=1973 |page=87))</ref>

==History==
[[File:Fairey Gannet COD.4 aboard USS Bennington (CVS-20) in 1965.jpg|thumb|A Gannet COD.4 from ((HMS|Victorious|R38)) aboard USS ''Bennington'' in 1965]]
[[File:Grumman C-1 flying side view.jpg|thumb|A C-1A Trader in 1987]]
[[File:US-3A DN-SC-87-06468.JPEG|thumb|US-3A of [[VRC-50]] in 1987]]

Early United States Navy (USN) recognition of need for a cargo plane capable of carrier landings resulted in airframe conversion of [[Grumman TBF Avenger|Grumman TBM-3 Avenger]] torpedo bombers to unarmed seven-passenger COD aircraft designated TBM-3R. Replacement of TBM-3Rs began in the late 1950s. [[Grumman]] built a cargo variant of its twin-piston-engined [[Grumman S-2 Tracker]] [[anti-submarine warfare]] bomber as the [[Grumman C-1 Trader|C-1A Trader]]. (Contrary to popular belief,<ref>((cite web|url=http://worldwarwings.com/hercules-is-the-only-plane-in-history-to-do-this|title=Hercules Is The Biggest Plane In History To Do This|work=World War Wings|accessdate=29 December 2015|archive-date=31 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231063623/http://worldwarwings.com/hercules-is-the-only-plane-in-history-to-do-this|url-status=live))</ref> [[C-130 Hercules]] was not tested for COD.<ref name="carroll20220203">((Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1frJ2V8LTEs |title=Here's How a Fighter Pilot Landed a Cargo Plane on a Carrier |date=2022-02-03 |last=Carroll |first=Ward |type=video |language=en-US |publisher=YouTube))</ref>) In the late 1960s [[Grumman]] began production of a cargo variant of its twin-turboprop [[E-2 Hawkeye]] [[Airborne Early Warning]] aircraft known as the [[C-2 Greyhound|C-2A Greyhound]]. Five [[Lockheed S-3 Viking|Lockheed US-3A Viking]] aircraft were also used from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s. The C-2 has remained the U.S. Navy's primary COD vehicle since that time.

Several U.S. Navy "Fleet Logistics Support Squadrons" provided COD services aboard carriers since the [[World War II]], including [[VRC-30|VR-5]], [[VR-21]], [[VR-22]], [[VR-23]], [[VR-24]], [[VRC-30]], [[VRC-40]], and [[VRC-50]].((citation needed|date=April 2013)) 
On 6 October 2012, a [[Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey|MV-22]] tilt-rotor aircraft from squadron [[VMM-165]] landed and refueled on board ((USS|Nimitz|CVN-68)). This operation was part of an evaluation of the feasibility of the MV-22 as a potential replacement for the current C-2 cargo transport aircraft.<ref>((cite web |title= MV-22 Osprey Flight Operations Tested Aboard USS ''Nimitz'' |url= http://www.avionics-intelligence.com/news/2012/10/09/mv-22-osprey-flight-operations-tested-aboard-uss-nimitz.html |work= Avionics Intelligence |publisher= PennWell Corporation |date= October 9, 2012 |accessdate= 2012-10-09 ))((Dead link|date=October 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes ))</ref><ref>((cite web |author= Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Renee Candelario, USN |title= MV-22 Osprey Flight Operations Tested Aboard USS ''Nimitz'' |url= http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=70031 |work= NNS121008-13 |publisher= USS Nimitz Public Affairs |date= October 8, 2012 |accessdate= 2011-10-09 |archive-date= 2013-05-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130524120127/http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=70031 |url-status= live ))</ref> Further cargo handling trials took place in 2013 on ((USS|Harry S. Truman|CVN-75|2)).<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckController=Blog&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&plckPostId=Blog%3a27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3aee72908b-a786-455f-8510-c35b64849f10 |title=Osprey on the Truman, Fishing for COD |last1=Butler |first1=Amy |date=18 April 2013 |work=Aviation Week |publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies |accessdate=18 April 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520135407/http://www.aviationweek.com/Blogs.aspx?plckController=Blog&plckScript=blogScript&plckElementId=blogDest&plckBlogPage=BlogViewPost&plckPostId=Blog%3a27ec4a53-dcc8-42d0-bd3a-01329aef79a7Post%3aee72908b-a786-455f-8510-c35b64849f10 |archive-date=2013-05-20 |url-status=dead )) [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zarwOiRqubk Video] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212065207/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zarwOiRqubk |date=2016-02-12 ))</ref>

In April 2014 Lockheed Martin announced that they would offer refurbished and remanufactured [[Lockheed S-3 Viking]]s as a replacement for the decades-old Northrop Grumman [[C-2A Greyhound]] on-board carrier delivery aircraft.  Dubbed the C-3, the aircraft would have a wider fuselage, but would retain the original wings, tail assembly, engines and crew compartment. With an unrefueled range of ((convert|2400|nmi)) carrying a ((convert|10000|lb|adj=on)) load, Lockheed stated that the C-3 would have twice the range of a new C-2, and triple the range of a [[V-22 Osprey]]. Unlike other competitors, the C-3 could meet the critical requirement to transport replacement Pratt & Whitney jet engines for the F-35. The requirement for 35 aircraft would be met from the 91 S-3s currently in storage.<ref>[https://archive.today/20150209193642/http://www.defensenews.com/article/20140409/DEFREG02/304090028/ Lockheed Revives an Old Idea for New Carrier Cargo Plane]</ref> In 2015, the Navy published a [[memorandum of understanding]] (MoU) for using 4 to 12 HV-22s as COD.<ref>Whittle, Richard. "[http://breakingdefense.com/2015/01/navy-decides-to-buy-v-22-ospreys-for-carrier-delivery/ Navy Decides to Buy V-22 Ospreys for Carrier Delivery] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201132120/https://breakingdefense.com/2015/01/navy-decides-to-buy-v-22-ospreys-for-carrier-delivery/ |date=2017-12-01 ))" ''Breaking Defense'', 13 January 2015.</ref><ref>[http://news.usni.org/2015/01/13/navy-selects-bell-boeing-osprey-next-carrier-delivery-aircraft Navy and Marines Sign MOU for Bell-Boeing Osprey to be Next Carrier Delivery Aircraft] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118201328/http://news.usni.org/2015/01/13/navy-selects-bell-boeing-osprey-next-carrier-delivery-aircraft |date=2015-01-18 )) - News.USNI.org, 13 January 2015</ref> On 3 February 2016, the future COD version was designated as the CMV-22B.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.navair.navy.mil/index.cfm?fuseaction%3Dhome.NAVAIRNewsStory%26id%3D6176 |title=V-22 Navy variant receives official designation &#124; NAVAIR - U.S. Navy Naval Air Systems Command - Navy and Marine Corps Aviation Research, Development, Acquisition, Test and Evaluation |accessdate=2016-02-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303045225/http://www.navair.navy.mil/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.NAVAIRNewsStory&id=6176 |archivedate=2016-03-03 ))</ref>

==List of COD aircraft==
[[File:Grumman TBM-3R VR-23 over Korea 1953.jpg|thumb|A TBM-3R COD plane in the early 1950s]]
[[File:Bell-Boeing CMV-22B Osprey lands aboard USS Nimitz (CVN-68) in the Pacific Ocean, 25 February 2021 (210225-N-JX182-1011).jpg|thumb|A [[Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey|CMV-22 Osprey]] landing on the aircraft carrier [[USS Nimitz (CVN-68)|USS ''Nimitz'']]]]

Several aircraft types have been specifically designed or modified for COD missions:
* [[Bell Boeing CMV-22B Osprey]]
* [[Fairey Gannet|Fairey Gannet COD.4]]
* [[Grumman TBF Avenger|Grumman/General Motors TBM-3R Avenger]]
* [[Grumman C-1 Trader|Grumman TF/C-1 Trader]]
* [[Grumman C-2 Greyhound]] 
* [[Lockheed US-3A Viking]]
* [[Xi'an KJ-600]]

==See also==
* [[Military logistics]]
* [[Seabasing]]
* [[Sealift]]
* [[Underway replenishment]]
* [[Vertical replenishment]] (VERTREP)

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
* [http://thanlont.blogspot.com/2011/05/carrier-onboard-delivery.html "Carrier Onboard Delivery" By Tommy H. Thomason]

((DEFAULTSORT:Carrier Onboard Delivery))

[[Category:Military air transport]]
[[Category:Military logistics]]
[[Category:Naval aviation]]

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