All universities in the United Kingdom are independent bodies; unlike in the United States and other European countries there are no government-owned universities. Instead, 'private' universities are considered to be those that are funded by tuition fees alone while 'public' universities receive funding directly from one of the government funding councils for teaching and research. The vast majority of universities in the UK are government financed, with only five private British universities (the charitable University of Buckingham and Regent's University London, and the profit-making University of Law, BPP University and Arden University) where the government does not subsidise the tuition fees. Several private higher education colleges, which also hold degree awarding powers, exist in the United Kingdom. A number of private foreign universities have campuses located in the UK, mostly in London.