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((Short description|Irish Republican Army leader (1923–1998)))
((Use Hiberno-English|date=May 2022))
((Use dmy dates|date=October 2013))
((More citations needed|date=October 2015))
((Infobox person
| name               = Cathal Goulding
| image              = Cathal_Goulding.jpg
| caption            = Goulding in 1994
| birth_name         = 
| birth_date         = ((birth date|1923|01|02|df=y))
| birth_place        = [[Dublin]], Ireland
| death_date         = ((death date and age|df=y|1998|12|26|1923|01|02))
| death_place        = Dublin, Ireland
| death_cause        = 
| occupation         = 
| party              = ((ubl|[[Sinn Féin]] (Official SF from 1970)|[[Workers' Party (Ireland)|Workers' Party]]))
| years_active       = 
| spouse             = Patty Germaine (m. 1950; separated)
| partner            = [[Beatrice Behan]]
| children           = Cathal Og Goulding<br>[[Paudge Behan]]<br>Aodhgan Goulding<br> Banban Goulding
| module             = ((Infobox military person|embed=yes
| nickname     =
| allegiance   = ((flagicon|Ireland)) [[Irish Republic]]
| branch       = [[Irish Republican Army]]<br/>[[Official Irish Republican Army]]
| serviceyears = 1939–1972
| rank         = [[Chief of Staff]]<br>[[Quartermaster General]]
| battles      = [[The Troubles]]
| laterwork    = [[Political activist]]))
))

'''Cathal Goulding''' (((lang-ga|Cathal Ó Goillín)); 2 January 1923 – 26 December 1998<ref>((cite book |title=Cathal Goulding, Thinker, Socialist, Republican, Revolutionary 1923–1998 |publisher=[[Workers' Party (Ireland)|Workers' Party]] |year=1999 |page=35))</ref>) was [[List of IRA Chiefs of Staff|Chief of Staff]] of the [[Irish Republican Army (1922-1969)|Irish Republican Army]] and the [[Official IRA]].

==Early life and career==
One of seven children born on East Arran Street in north [[Dublin]] to an [[Irish republican]] family, as a teenager Goulding joined [[Fianna Éireann]], the youth wing of the [[Irish Republican Army]] (IRA). He joined the IRA in 1939.<ref>Hanley and Miller, p. 2</ref> In December of that year, he took part in a raid on [[Irish Army]] ammunition stores in [[Phoenix Park]], Dublin; and in November 1941 he was gaoled for a year in [[Mountjoy Prison]] for membership of an unlawful organisation and possession of IRA documents. On his release in 1942, he was immediately interned at the [[Curragh Camp]], where he remained until 1944.<ref>Hanley and Miller, p. 2</ref>

Goulding was involved in 1945 in attempts to re-establish the IRA, which had been badly affected by the authorities in both the [[Irish Free State]] and [[Northern Ireland]]. He was among twenty-five to thirty men who met at O'Neill's pub, Pearse Street, to try to re-establish the IRA in Dublin. He organised the first national meeting of IRA activists after the [[Second World War]], in Dublin in 1946. The gathering was raided by the [[Garda Síochána]] and Goulding along with [[John Joe McGirl]] and ten others was sentenced to twelve months in prison.

Upon his release in 1947, Goulding organised IRA training camps in the [[Wicklow Mountains]]. He took charge of the IRA's Dublin Brigade in 1951.<ref>Hanley and Miller, p. 3</ref> In 1953, he (along with [[Seán Mac Stíofáin]] and [[Manus Canning]]) was involved in an arms raid on the [[Officers' Training Corps]] armoury at [[Felsted School]] in Essex. The three were arrested and sentenced with eight-year prison terms, but were released in 1959 after serving only six years at [[HM Prison Pentonville|Pentonville]], [[HM Prison Wakefield|Wakefield]] and [[HM Prison Stafford|Stafford]] prisons.<ref>((cite book |last=Moloney |first=Ed |author-link=Ed Moloney |title=A Secret History of the IRA |publisher=[[Penguin Books]] |year=2002 |isbn=0-14-101041-X |page=80))</ref><ref>Hanley and Miller, p. 8</ref> In 1956, an attempt was made by the IRA to free Goulding from Wakefield Prison, but this was aborted when alarms were sounded at the prison.<ref>''The IRA'' 12th impression, Tim Pat Coogan, pages 346-347, William Collins, Sons & Co., Glasgow, 1987</ref> During his time in Wakefield prison, he befriended [[EOKA]] members and [[Klaus Fuchs]], a German-born spy who had passed information about the US nuclear programme to the [[Soviet Union]]. In so doing, Goulding became interested in the [[Russian Revolution (1917)|Russian Revolution]].<ref>Hanley and Miller, p. 10</ref>

==Chief of staff==
((more citations needed section|date=December 2015))
He was appointed [[IRA Quartermaster General]] in 1959, and in 1962 succeeded [[Ruairí Ó Brádaigh]] as IRA [[List of IRA Chiefs of Staff|Chief of Staff]]. In February 1966, together with [[Seán Garland]], Goulding was arrested for possession of a revolver and ammunition; in total he spent sixteen years in British and Irish jails.

Goulding was instrumental in moving the IRA to the left in the 1960s.<ref>[[J. Bowyer Bell]], ''The Secret Army'', 1979, Irish Academy Press</ref><ref>Robert W. White, ''Ruairi O Bradaigh: The Life and Politics of An Irish Revolutionary'', [[Indiana University Press]], 2006</ref> He argued against the policy of [[abstentionism]] and developed a [[Marxist]] analysis of Irish politics. He believed the British state deliberately divided the Irish working class on [[sectarian]] grounds, in order to exploit them and keep them from uniting and overthrowing their ''bourgeois'' oppressors. This analysis was rejected by those who later went on to form the [[Provisional IRA]] after the 1969 IRA split. In August 1969 Goulding issued a statement that IRA men had been moved into Northern Ireland to defend Catholics that had been "terrorized by mobs backed by armed B-Specials." (The [[Ulster Special Constabulary|B-Specials]] were part of a reserve police force formed in 1920). Gouldings statement went on to warn that British forces must not be "used to suppress the legitimate attempts of the people to defend themselves against the B-Specials and the sectarian Orange (Protestant) murder gangs."<ref>Mansbach, Richard (1973), ''Northern Ireland: Half a Century of Partition'', Facts on File, Inc, New York, pg 56-57, ISBN 0-87196-182-2</ref>

He remained Chief of Staff of what became known as the [[Official IRA]] until 1972. Although the Official IRA, like the Provisional IRA, carried out an armed campaign, Goulding argued that such action ultimately divided the Irish working class. After public revulsion at the shooting death of William Best, a Catholic from [[Derry]] who was a British soldier, and the [[1972 Aldershot Bombing|bombing of the Aldershot barracks]], the Official IRA announced a ceasefire in 1972.

Goulding was prominent in the various stages of Official Sinn Féin's development into the [[Workers' Party (Ireland)|Workers' Party]]. Along with his partner, Moira Woods, he was involved in the Anti-Amendment Campaign in opposition to the introduction of a [[Eighth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland|constitutional ban on abortion]]. In 1992, he objected to the political reforms proposed by party leader [[Proinsias De Rossa]], and remained in the Workers' Party after the formation of [[Democratic Left (Ireland)|Democratic Left]]. He regarded Democratic Left as having compromised socialism in the pursuit of political office.<ref>((cite news|title=Workers' Party braces itself for another painful schism|newspaper=[[The Irish Times]] |date=4 January 1992))</ref>

==Last years and death==
In his later years, Goulding spent much of his time at his cottage in Raheenleigh near [[Myshall]], [[County Carlow]]. He died of cancer in his native [[Dublin]], and was survived by three sons and a daughter. He was cremated and his ashes scattered, at his directive, at the site known as "the Nine Stones" on the slopes of [[Mount Leinster]].

==References==
((reflist|colwidth=30em))

==Sources==
<!-- ISSN/ISBN needed -->
*((cite book |title=The Lost Revolution: The Story of the Official IRA and the Workers' Party |publisher=Penguin Ireland |last1=Hanley |first1=Brian |last2=Millar |first2=Scott |date=2009 |location=Dublin |isbn=978-1844881208))
*((cite book |first=T. E. |last=Utley |title=The Lessons of Ulster |orig-date=1975 |publisher=Friends of the Union |date=1997))
*((cite book |publisher=The Workers' Party |title=Cathal Goulding: Thinker, Socialist, Republican, Revolutionary, 1923–1998 |date=1999))

==External links==
*((cite web |url=http://irelandsown.net/goulding.html |title=Text of Goulding's "There Must be a Fight" speech of 1965 |access-date=2005-09-23 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070206183944/http://irelandsown.net/goulding.html |archive-date=6 February 2007 |df=dmy))
((Sinn Féin))
((ATIRA))
((OIRA/WP))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Goulding, Cathal))
[[Category:1923 births]]
[[Category:1998 deaths]]
[[Category:Deaths from cancer in the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Irish Marxists]]
[[Category:Irish Republican Army (1922–1969) members]]
[[Category:Irish republicans]]
[[Category:Official Irish Republican Army members]]
[[Category:People from County Carlow]]
[[Category:Politicians from Dublin (city)]]
[[Category:Republicans imprisoned during the Northern Ireland conflict]]
[[Category:Workers' Party (Ireland) politicians]]

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