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((Short description|British main battle tank))
((More footnotes needed|date=April 2017))
((Use dmy dates|date=October 2020))
((Use British English|date=February 2013))
((Infobox weapon
| name               = Centurion
| image              = File:Centurion cfb borden 1.JPG
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = Centurion Mk 3 tank at [[Base Borden Military Museum|Worthington Tank Museum]] in CFB Borden (Ontario, Canada)
| origin             = United Kingdom
| type               = [[Main battle tank]]
| is_vehicle         = yes
| is_UK              = yes
| service            = 1946–present (derivatives still in service)
| used_by            = see ''[[Centurion_(tank)#Operators|Operators]]''
| wars               = ((ubl|[[Korean War]] | [[Suez Crisis]] | [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] | [[Six-Day War]] | [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] | [[War of Attrition]] | [[Black September]] | [[Yom Kippur War]] | [[Vietnam War]] | [[South African Border War]] | [[Operation Motorman]] ([[Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers|AVRE]]) | [[1978 South Lebanon conflict]]|[[Falklands Conflict|BARV]] | [[1982 Lebanon War]]|[[Somali Civil War]] | [[Gulf War]] (AVRE) | [[2006 Lebanon War]]| [[First Libyan Civil War]]))
| unit_cost          = £35,000 (1950), £38,000 (1952)<ref>((cite hansard |title=Centurion Tank (Cost) |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1952/mar/10/centurion-tank-cost |house=House of Commons |date=10 March 1952 |column=1000 |speaker=Mr. Emrys Hughes |position=MP for South Ayrshire |access-date=21 May 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617075000/http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1952/mar/10/centurion-tank-cost |archive-date=17 June 2016))</ref>
| number             = 4,423<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=13 |title=Centurion (A41) – Main Battle Tank |first=Dan |last=Alex |website=Military Factory |access-date=15 November 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128225131/http://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=13 |archive-date=28 November 2014))</ref>
| length             = Hull only ((convert|24|ft|9.5|in|m|abbr=on))<ref name="Handbook">''User Handbook for Tk.,Med.Gun,Centurion,Mk3,5 and 6 (1965)''</ref><br />With gun forward ((convert|32|ft|3|in|m|abbr=on))<ref name="Handbook"/>
| width              = ((convert|11|ft|1|in|m|abbr=on)) with side plates<br/>((convert|10|ft|9|in|m|abbr=on)) without side plates<ref name="Handbook"/>
| height             = ((convert|9|ft|7.75|in|m|abbr=on|2))<ref name="Handbook"/>
| weight             = ((convert|50|LT|t|lk=on))<ref name="Handbook"/>
| suspension         = [[Horstmann suspension|Modified Horstmann]]
| speed              = ((convert|21.5|mph|abbr=on))<ref name="Handbook"/>
| vehicle_range      = ((convert|32.5|mi|km|abbr=on)) cross country, ((convert|62.5|mi|km|abbr=on)) on road (Marks 3, 5, and 6)<ref name="Handbook"/>
| primary_armament   = ((ubl|105 mm [[Royal Ordnance L7|L7 rifled gun]]|[[20 pdr]] (84&nbsp;mm) rifled gun|[[17 pdr]] (76.2mm) rifled gun))
| secondary_armament = [[Co-axial machine gun|Co-axial]] [[Besa machine gun]] (Mark 3) [[.30-06 Springfield|.30 cal]] [[Browning M1919 machine gun|Browning machine gun]] (Mark 5 onwards)<ref name="Handbook"/>
| armour             = ((convert|51| -|152|mm|abbr=on))
| engine             = [[Rolls-Royce Meteor|Rolls-Royce Meteor 4B]]<ref name="Handbook"/>
| fuel_capacity      = ((convert|120|impgal|0))<ref name="Handbook"/>
| transmission       = 5-speed [[David Brown Ltd.|Merrit-Brown]] Z51R Mk. F gearbox
| crew               = 4 (commander, gunner, loader, driver)
| engine_power       = ((convert|650|hp|kW|abbr=on|lk=in)) at 2550rpm<ref name="Handbook"/>
| clearance          = ((convert|1 |ft |8| in|abbr=on))<ref name="Handbook"/>
| pw_ratio           = 13((nbsp))hp/t (9.2((nbsp))kW/t)<ref name="Handbook"/>
))

The '''Centurion''' was the primary [[British Army]] [[main battle tank]] of the post-[[World War II]] period. Introduced in 1945, it is widely considered to be one of the most successful post-war tank designs, remaining in production into the 1960s, and seeing combat into the 1980s.<ref name="Jackson2010">((cite book |last=Jackson |first=Robert |title=101 Great Tanks |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JbmJcTyFLgkC&pg=PA65 |year=2010 |publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group |isbn=978-1-4358-3595-5 |page=65 |chapter=Centurion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227191738/https://books.google.ca/books?id=JbmJcTyFLgkC&pg=PA65 |archive-date=27 February 2015))</ref><ref name="Tucker-Jones2012">((cite book |last=Tucker-Jones |first=Anthony |author-link=Anthony Tucker-Jones |title=Armoured Warfare in the Korean War |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4z2n-dnYCDQC&pg=PT71|date=2012 |publisher=Casemate Publishers |isbn=978-1-84884-580-0 |page=61 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227190811/https://books.google.ca/books?id=4z2n-dnYCDQC&pg=PT71 |archive-date=27 February 2015))</ref>((sfn|Dunstan|2003|p=3))<ref name="Joiner1990">((cite book |last=Joiner |first=J. H. |title=One More River To Cross |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hJLgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT439 |date=1990 |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=978-1-4738-1691-6 |page=439 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227190442/https://books.google.ca/books?id=hJLgAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT439 |archive-date=27 February 2015))</ref><ref name="Bishop1999">((cite book |last=Bishop |first=Chris |title=The Encyclopedia of Modern Military Weapons |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IE9T6BWvwi4C |year=1999 |publisher=Barnes & Noble Books |isbn=978-0-7607-1631-1 |page=30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227191453/https://books.google.ca/books?id=IE9T6BWvwi4C |archive-date=27 February 2015))</ref><ref name="Malkasian2001">((cite book |last=Malkasian |first=Carter |title=The Korean War 1950–1953 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZGoA65bSFpQC&pg=PA52 |year=2001 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=978-1-57958-364-4 |page=52 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227190051/https://books.google.ca/books?id=ZGoA65bSFpQC&pg=PA52 |archive-date=27 February 2015))</ref> The [[chassis]] was adapted for several other roles, and these variants have remained in service. It was a very popular tank with good armour, [[maneuverability|mobility]], and a powerful main armament.

Development of the Centurion began in 1943 with manufacture beginning in January 1945. Six prototypes arrived in [[Belgium]] less than a month after the war in Europe ended in May 1945.((sfn|Dunstan|2003|p=8)) It entered combat with the British Army in the [[Korean War]] in 1950 in support of the UN forces. The Centurion later served on the Indian side in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], where it fought against US-supplied [[M47 Patton|M47]] and [[M48 Patton]] tanks, and it served with the [[Royal Australian Armoured Corps]] in the [[Vietnam War]].

Israel's army used Centurions in the 1967 [[Six-Day War]], the 1973 [[Yom Kippur War]], the [[1978 South Lebanon conflict]], and the [[1982 Lebanon War]]. Centurions modified as armoured personnel carriers were used in [[Gaza City|Gaza]], the [[West Bank]] and on the Lebanese border. The [[Royal Jordanian Land Force]] used Centurions, first in 1970 to fend off a Syrian incursion within its borders during the [[Black September in Jordan|Black September events]] and later in the [[Golan Heights]] in 1973. [[South Africa]] deployed its Centurions in [[Angola]] during the [[South African Border War]].<ref name="Scholtz">((cite book |last=Scholtz |first=Leopold |title=The SADF in the Border War 1966–1989 |year=2013 |publisher=Tafelberg |location=Cape Town |isbn=978-0-624-05410-8))</ref>

The Centurion became one of the most widely used tank designs, equipping dozens of armies around the world, with some in service until the 1990s.<ref name="Antill">((cite web |url=http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_centurion.html |title=Centurion tank |last=Antill |first=P. |date=23 February 2001 |website=History of War |access-date=23 October 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206223824/http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_centurion.html |archive-date=6 February 2012))</ref> In the [[2006 Lebanon War|2006 Israel–Lebanon conflict]] the [[Israel Defense Forces]] employed modified Centurions as [[armoured personnel carrier]]s and [[combat engineering vehicle]]s. The [[South African National Defence Force]] still employs over 170 Centurions, which were modernised in the 1980s and 2000s as the ((lang|af|'''Olifant''')) (elephant).<ref>((Cite web |title=Olifant Mk1B Main Battle Tank |url=https://www.army-technology.com/projects/olifant-mk1b-main-battle-tank/ |access-date=2023-01-27 |website=Army Technology |language=en-US))</ref>

Between 1946 and 1962, 4,423 Centurions were produced,((sfn|Dunstan|2003|p= 22)) consisting of 13 basic marks and numerous variants. In the British Army it was replaced by the [[Chieftain (tank)|Chieftain]].

== Development ==
In 1943, the Directorate of Tank Design, under [[Claude Gibb|Sir Claude Gibb]], was asked to produce a new design for a heavy [[cruiser tank]] under the [[General Staff]] designation A41. After a series of fairly mediocre designs in the A series in the past, and bearing in mind the threat posed by the German [[88 mm gun]], the [[War Office]] demanded a major revision of the design requirements, specifically: increased durability and reliability, the ability to withstand a direct hit from the German 88&nbsp;mm gun and providing greater protection against mines. Initially in September 1943 the A41 tank was to weigh no more than ((convert|40|LT| ST t)), the limit for existing Mark I and Mark II transport trailers and for a [[Bailey bridge]] of ((convert|80|ft|m|abbr=on)) span. The British [[loading gauge#Great Britain|railway loading gauge]] required that the width should not exceed ((convert|10|ft|8|in|m|2|abbr=on)) and the optimum width was ((convert|10|ft|3|in|m|2|abbr=on)),((sfn|Munro|2005|p=25)) but, critically, for the new tank this restriction had been lifted by the War Office under pressure from the Department of Tank Design. A high top speed was not important, while agility was to be equal to that of the [[Comet tank|Comet]]. A high reverse speed was specified, as during the fighting in southern Italy, Allied tanks were trapped in narrow sunken roads by the German Army. The modified production gearbox had a two-speed reverse, with the higher reverse speed similar to second gear.((sfn|Munro|2005|p=33))<ref name="Centurion">((cite book |last=Norman |first=Michael |title=Centurion 5 |publisher=Profile |location=Great Bookham, Surrey |year=1967 |series=Armour in Profile |volume=23))</ref>

The Department produced a larger hull by replacing the long-travel five-wheel [[Christie suspension]] used on the Comet with a six wheel [[Horstmann suspension]], and extending the spacing between the second and third wheels. The Christie suspension, with vertical spring coils between side armour plates, was replaced by a Horstmann suspension with three horizontally sprung, externally mounted two-wheel [[Bogie#Tracked vehicles|bogies]] on each side. The Horstmann design did not offer the same ride quality as the Christie system, but took up less room and was easier to maintain.<ref name="BudGummett2002">((cite book |editor-first1=Robert |editor-last1=Bud |editor-first2=Philip |editor-last2=Gummett |title=Cold War, Hot Science: Applied Research in Britain's Defence Laboratories, 1945–1990 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HMx_6FtHBcUC |year=2002 |publisher=Science Museum |isbn=978-1-900747-47-9 |page=142))</ref> In case of damage by [[Anti-tank mine|mines]], individual suspension and wheel units could be replaced relatively easily. The hull was redesigned with welded, sloped armour and featured a partially cast turret with the highly regarded [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder|17 pounder]] (76.2&nbsp;mm/3-inch) as the main gun and a 20&nbsp;mm [[Polsten]] cannon in an independent mounting to its left. With a [[Rover (car)|Rover]]-built [[Rolls-Royce Meteor]] engine, as used on the Comet and [[Cromwell tank|Cromwell]], the new design would have excellent performance.<ref name="Centurion" />

But even before the Outline Specification of the A41 was released in October 1943, these limits were removed, and the weight was increased from 40 tons to ((convert|45|LT|ST t)), because of the need for heavier armour and a wider turret (too wide for the tank to be transported by rail) with a more powerful gun.((sfn|Munro|2005|p=28)) The new version carried armour equal to the heaviest [[infantry tank]]s, while improved suspension and engines provided cross-country performance superior to even the early cruiser tanks. The War Office decided it would be wiser to build new trailers, rather than hamper what appeared to be a superb design. Historian [[David Fletcher (military historian)|David Fletcher]] states, "But was Centurion, after all, a Universal Tank? The answer has to be a qualified negative."((sfnp|Fletcher|1989| page=122))
The design mockup, built by [[Associated Equipment Company|AEC Ltd]], was viewed in May 1944. Subsequently, twenty pilot models were ordered with various armament combinations: ten with a 17 pounder and a 20&nbsp;mm [[Polsten]] gun (of which half had a [[Besa machine gun]] in the turret rear and half an escape door), five with a 17-pounder, a forward Besa machine gun and an escape door, and five with a QF 77&nbsp;mm gun and a driver-operated hull machine gun.<ref>Norman, p. 2.</ref>

Prototypes of the original 40-ton design, the Centurion Mark I, had 76&nbsp;mm of armour in the front [[glacis]], which was thinner than that on the then current infantry tanks (the [[Churchill tank|Churchill]]), which had 101&nbsp;mm or 152&nbsp;mm on the Churchill Mk VII and VIII being produced at the time. However, the glacis plate was highly sloped, and so the effective thickness of the armour was very high—a design feature shared by other effective designs, such as the German [[Panther tank]] and Soviet [[T-34]]. The turret was well armoured at 152&nbsp;mm. The tank was also highly mobile, and easily outperformed the Comet in most tests. The uparmoured Centurion Mark II soon arrived; it had a new 118&nbsp;mm-thick glacis and the side and rear armour had been increased from 38&nbsp;mm to 51&nbsp;mm.((Citation needed|date=March 2015)) Only a handful of Mk I Centurions had been produced when the Mk II replaced it on the production lines.((dubious|date=March 2023)) Full production began in November 1945 with an order for 800((sfn|Munro|2005|p=40)) on production lines at [[Leyland Motors]], [[Lancashire]] the [[Royal Ordnance Factory|Royal Ordnance Factories]] [[ROF Leeds]] and [[Royal Arsenal]], and [[Vickers]] at [[Elswick, Tyne and Wear|Elswick]]. The tank entered service in December 1946 with the [[5th Royal Tank Regiment]].((sfn|Munro|2005|p=46))

=== Continued development ===
[[File:De tankcommandant van een Centurion Mk 5 gevechtstank op zijn positie in het commandantsluik 2155 052207.jpg|thumb|right|The tank commander's position in a Centurion Mk 5 in Dutch service. The handwheel on the left is used to control the main gun's elevation; his right hand is on a handle that rotates the commander's observation cupola.]]

Soon after the Centurion's introduction, Royal Ordnance finished work on the 84&nbsp;mm calibre [[Ordnance QF 20 pounder]] tank gun. With this, the Centurion went through another upgrade to mount the 20-pounder. By this point, the usefulness of the 20&nbsp;mm Polsten had been called into question, it being unnecessarily large for use against troops,((Citation needed|date=November 2022|reason=Who officially determined that?)) so it was replaced with a Besa machine gun in a completely cast turret. The new Centurion Mark III also featured a fully automatic [[Gun stabilizer|stabilisation system for the gun]], allowing it to fire accurately while on the move, dramatically improving battlefield performance.<ref name="popular1952">((cite journal |journal=Popular Science |title=Big British Tank Aims on the Run |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oiEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA142 |date=April 1952 |pages=142–143 |issn=0161-7370 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707072404/http://books.google.com/books?id=oiEDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA142&dq=popular+science+1930&hl=en&sa=X&ei=dsv2TtD8G83qggfXlYCwAg&ved=0CFcQ6AEwCDhu |archive-date=7 July 2014))</ref> Production of the Mk 3 began in 1948.((sfn|Munro|2005|p=48)) The Mk 3 proved substantially more capable than prior variants, resulting in the earlier designs being removed from service as soon as the new Mk 3s became available, and existing tanks were then either converted into the Centurion [[armoured recovery vehicle]] (ARV) Mark 1 for use by the [[Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers]] or upgraded to Mk 3 standard. Improvements introduced with the Mk 3 included a more powerful version of the engine and a new gun sight and gun stabiliser.((sfn|Munro|2005|p=48))

[[File:Proefmobilisatie Cavalerie (Tankescadron) de tanks klaar om uit te rukken, Bestanddeelnr 915-1143.jpg|thumb|Dutch Centurions with monowheel trailers on a road march in 1963]]
The 20 pounder gun was used until the Royal Ordnance Factories introduced the [[Royal Ordnance L7|105 mm L7 gun]] in 1959. All later variants of the Centurion, from Mark 5/2 on, used the L7.<ref name="Centurion" />

Design work for the Mk 7 was completed in 1953, with production beginning soon afterwards.((sfn|Munro|2005|p=62)) One disadvantage of earlier versions was the limited range, initially just ((convert|65|mi|km)) on hard roads, hence external auxiliary tanks and then a "monowheel" trailer were used. But the Mk7 had a third fuel tank inside the hull, giving a range of ((convert|101|mi|km)). Additionally, it was found possible to put the Centurion on some European rail routes with their larger loading gauges.((sfn|Munro|2005|pp=61–63))

The Centurion was used as the basis for a range of specialist equipment, including combat engineering variants with a 165&nbsp;mm demolition gun [[Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers]] (AVRE).((sfn|Dunstan|2003 |pages=36–37)) It is one of the longest-serving designs of all time, serving as a battle tank for the [[British Army|British]] and [[Australian Army|Australian]] armies from the [[Korean War]] (1950–1953) to the [[Vietnam War]] (1961–1972), and as an AVRE during Operation Desert Storm in January–February 1991.((sfn|Dunstan|2003 |pages=36–37))

=== Production ===
The development cost of Centurion did not exceed £5 million.<ref>((cite book |page=20 |title=Centurion (Modern Combat Vehicles: 2) |year=1980 |first1=Simon |last1=Dunstan |publisher=Ian Allan Publishing |ISBN=978-0711010635 ))</ref> The cost of a Centurion tank was £35,000 in 1950, but had risen to £38,000 in 1952.<ref>((citation |work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]] |date=12 November 1951 |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1951/nov/12/centurion-tanks-costs |title=Centurion Tanks (Costs) |volume=493 |page=c640))</ref><ref name="Hansard-10Mar52">((citation |work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]] |date=10 March 1952 |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/commons/1952/mar/10/centurion-tank-cost |title=Centurion Tank (Cost) |volume=497 |page=c1000))</ref>((efn-lr|[[John Cramer (Australian politician)|John Cramer]], the Australian Minister for the Army, told the Australian House of Representatives in October 1956: "the Centurion tank costs about four times as much as the 1945 tank which it replaces. Sufficient Centurion tanks, armoured personnel carriers and scout cars have been bought by this Government to equip the armoured corps with modern vehicles in place of the obsolete 1945 equipment. Some of the major items purchased under the mobilization programme in the last two years may be of interest to honorable members and to many people outside. We have now the following equipment: - 119 Centurion tanks, each of which cost £48,000...".<ref>((citation |url=https://historichansard.net/hofreps/1956/19561009_reps_22_hor13/ |date=9 October 1956 |work=Hansard [[Australian House of Representatives]] |page=1235 |title=Estimates 1956-57 ))</ref> In the period 1954-56, 1,000 Australian pounds were worth 796.43 British pounds.<ref>((citation |first1=Lawrence H. |last1=Officer |title=Exchange Rates Between the United States Dollar and Forty-one Currencies |publisher=MeasuringWorth |date=2023 |url=https://www.measuringworth.com/datasets/exchangeglobal/result.php?year_source=1945&year_result=1965&countryE%5B%5D=Australia))</ref> So 48,000 Australian pounds converts to 38,229 British pounds.)) Of this, "the gun control equipment costs £1,600, and the actual gadget that works the stabiliser only £100."<ref>((citation |work=[[Hansard]] |date=10 March 1952 |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/Commons/1952-03-10/debates/8a861024-fdac-4f34-80b7-bd0c9a200163/ArmyEstimates1952%E2%80%9353AndArmySupplementaryEstimate1951%E2%80%9352 |title=Army Estimates, 1952–53, And Army Supplementary Estimate, 1951–52 |volume=497 |page=Column 1041))</ref> By comparison, during World War II a [[Covenanter tank]] cost the British Government £12,000, a [[Crusader tank]] cost £13,700, a [[Matilda II|Matilda tank]] cost £18,000, and a [[Valentine tank]] £14,900;<ref name="Coombs (2015) p53">((cite book |page=53 |title=British Tank Production and the War Economy, 1934-1945 |first1=Benjamin |last1=Coombs |year=2015 |ISBN=978-1474227902 |publisher= Bloomsbury Academic))</ref>((efn-lr|It was stated in the House of Commons in 1952 that a [[Cromwell tank]] in 1945 had cost £10,000.<ref name="Hansard-10Mar52"/>  This figure was a 1941 estimate of the basic price of a Cromwell tank,<ref name="Coombs (2015) p53"/> a type of tank that went into production in January 1943.)) in 1967 a [[Chieftain tank]] cost between £90,000 and £95,000,<ref>((citation |work=[[Hansard|Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)]] |date=22 November 1967 |url=https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1967/nov/22/chieftain-tank-cost |title=Chieftain Tank (Cost) |volume=754 |page=c366W))</ref> and in 1984 a [[Challenger 1|Challenger 1 tank]] cost £1.5 million.<ref>((citation |work=[[Hansard]] |date=10 July 1984   |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/1984-07-10/debates/ad8569cb-cf98-4212-b56c-e898522f8703/WeaponsAndEquipment(Costs) |title=Weapons And Equipment (Costs) |volume=63 ))</ref>  In 1955, [[Edward Boyle, Baron Boyle of Handsworth|Sir Edward Boyle]] (the [[Parliamentary Secretary]] to the [[Minister of Supply]]) told the [[House of Commons]] that "the cost of the Centurion tank has been coming down recently as production has settled into its stride."<ref>((citation |work=[[Hansard]] |date=4 April 1955  |url=https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/1955-04-04/debates/8e35d277-9589-4c2f-bdcf-e0824f493c07/Tanks |title=Tanks |volume=539 |page=32))</ref> 

{| class="wikitable"
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
!rowspan=2| Financial<br>Year
!colspan=10| Centurion Production <ref name="Dunstan (1980) p19">((cite book |page=19 |title=Centurion (Modern Combat Vehicles: 2) |year=1980 |first1=Simon |last1=Dunstan |publisher=Ian Allan Publishing |ISBN=978-0711010635 ))</ref>
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
!| Mark 1 
!| Mark 2 
!| Mark 3 
!| Mark 5 
!| Mark 7 
!| Mark 8 
!| Mark 9 
!| Mark 10 
!style="border-left: double 3px"| Total 
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1945/46
|style="text-align:right;"| 6
|style="text-align:right;"| 1
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 7
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1946/47
|style="text-align:right;"| 48
|style="text-align:right;"| 57
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 105
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1947/48
|style="text-align:right;"| 52
|style="text-align:right;"| 192
|style="text-align:right;"| 30
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 274
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1948/49
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 139
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 139
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1949/50
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 193
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 193
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1950/51
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 229
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 229
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1951/52
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 500
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 500
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1952/53
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 573
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 573
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1953/54
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 565
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 1
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 566
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1954/55
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 359
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 154
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 513
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1955/56
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 245
|style="text-align:right;"| 36
|style="text-align:right;"| 129
|style="text-align:right;"| 11
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 421
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1956/57
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 176
|style="text-align:right;"| 168
|style="text-align:right;"| 51
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 395
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1957/58
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 9
|style="text-align:right;"| 131
|style="text-align:right;"| 16
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 156
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1958/59
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 78
|style="text-align:right;"| 16
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 94
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1959/60
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 94
|style="text-align:right;"| 14
|style="text-align:right;"| 1
|style="text-align:right;"| 29
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 138
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1960/61
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 110
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 110
|-style="vertical-align:top;"
|| 1961/62
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 
|style="text-align:right;"| 16
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 16

|-style="vertical-align:top; border-top: double 3px"
|| Total
|style="text-align:right;"| 100
|style="text-align:right;"| 250
|style="text-align:right;"| 2,833
|style="text-align:right;"| 221
|style="text-align:right;"| 755
|style="text-align:right;"| 108
|style="text-align:right;"| 1
|style="text-align:right;"| 155
|style="text-align:right; border-left: double 3px"| 4,429
|-
|}

== Service history ==
[[File:Disabled Centurion tank at Imjin (AWM HOBJ2237).jpg|thumb|right|Centurions of the 8th Hussars disabled during the retreat of 29th Brigade on 25 April 1951 in the Battle of the Imjin River in Korea]]
=== Korean War ===
On 14 November 1950, the British Army's [[8th King's Royal Irish Hussars]], equipped with three squadrons (64 tanks) of Centurion Mk 3, landed in [[Busan|Pusan]]. The first recorded Centurion kill occurred near Seoul against a North Korean captured Cromwell tank.((sfn|Dunstan|2003|p=16)) Operating in [[Temperature|sub-zero]] temperatures, the 8th Hussars learnt the rigors of winter warfare: their tanks had to be parked on straw to prevent the steel tracks from freezing to the ground. Engines had to be started every half-hour, with each gear being engaged in turn to prevent them from being frozen into place.((sfn|Dunstan|2003)) During the [[Battle of the Imjin River]], Centurions won lasting fame when they covered the withdrawal of the [[29th Infantry Brigade (United Kingdom)|29th Brigade]], with the loss of five tanks, most later recovered and repaired.((sfn|Munro|2005|pp=158–162)) In 1952, Centurions of the [[5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards]] were also involved in the [[Second Battle of the Hook]] where they played a significant role in repelling Chinese attacks. Centurions of the [[1st Royal Tank Regiment]] participated in the [[Third Battle of the Hook]]((sfn|Munro|2005|pp=158–162)) repelling the PLA and also were involved in the [[Battle of the Samichon River]] in 1953. In a tribute to the 8th Hussars, General [[John W. O'Daniel|John O'Daniel]], commanding the [[I Corps (United States)|US 1st Corps]], stated: "In their Centurions, the 8th Hussars have evolved a new type of tank warfare. They taught us that anywhere a tank can go, is tank country: ''even the tops of mountains''."((sfn|Dunstan|2003)) However, the lack of [[Weapon mount#Pintle/pedestal/turntable|pintle-mounted]] machine guns on the turret meant that the Centurion was only able to fire in one direction and so was vulnerable to infantry attacks.<ref>((cite book |last=Drohan |first=Brian |title=Imjin River 1951: Last stand of the 'Glorious Glosters' |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=2018 |isbn=978-1472826923 |page=25))</ref>

=== Deployment in Western Europe ===
[[File:Dutch Centurion Mk 5-1 with Monowheel Trailer Camouflaged RHPA 1965.jpg|thumb|right|Dutch Centurion Mk 5/1 with an early camouflage scheme, 1965.]]

By early 1952, with the Cold War heating up, NATO needed modern heavy tanks to meet the T-34 versions with the Warsaw Pact countries, and to deter Soviet forces by stationing them with the [[BAOR]] in West Germany, where the French had just the light [[AMX-13]], and the Germans had none. America was keen to have Centurions supplied to Denmark and the Netherlands under the Mutual Defence Assistance Program, as production of the [[M48 Patton]] would not start until April 1952. A Mk 3 cost £31,000 or £44,000 with ammunition.((sfn|Munro|2005|pp=135–137)) The [[Royal Canadian Armoured Corps]] deployed a regiment of Centurions to Germany to support the Canadian Brigade.

=== Suez Crisis ===
During the [[Suez Crisis]], British ground commander General [[Hugh Stockwell|Sir Hugh Stockwell]] believed that methodical and systematic armoured operations centred on the Centurion would be the key to victory.((sfn|Varble|2003|pp=16–17))

The Egyptians destroyed Port Said's Inner Harbour, which forced the British to improvise and use the Fishing Harbour to land their forces. The 2nd Brigade of the Parachute Regiment landed by ship in the harbour. Centurions of the British [[6th Royal Tank Regiment]] were landed and by 12:00 they had reached the French paratroopers. While the British were landing at Port Said, the men of the 2 RPC at Raswa fought off Egyptian counter-attacks featuring [[SU-100]] [[tank destroyer]]s.((sfn|Varble|2003|pp=70–71))

After establishing themselves in a position in downtown Port Said, [[42 Commando]] headed down the Shari Muhammad Ali, the main north–south road to link up with the French forces at the Raswa bridge and the Inner Basin lock. While doing so, the Marines also took Port Said's gasworks. Meanwhile, [[40 Commando]] supported by the [[Royal Tank Regiment]] remained engaged in clearing the downtown of Egyptian snipers. Lieutenant Colonel [[Norman Tailyour]] arranged for more reinforcements to be brought in via helicopter.((sfn|Varble|2003|p=72))((Verify source|date=December 2018))

=== Vietnam War ===
[[File:1 RAR soldiers speak with the crew of a Centurion tank in July 1968.jpg|thumb|The crew of an Australian Centurion speaking with soldiers during an operation in South Vietnam during 1968]]

In 1967, the [[Royal Australian Armoured Corps]]' (RAAC), 1st Armoured Personnel Carrier (APC) Squadron transferred to "A" Squadron, 3rd Cavalry Regiment in [[Vietnam War|South Vietnam]]. Although they successfully conducted combat operations in their areas of operations, reports from the field stated that their lightly-armoured [[M113 armored personnel carrier|M113A1]] armoured personnel carriers were unable to force their way through dense jungle((sfn|Dunstan|1982|p=176)) limiting their offensive actions against enemy forces. The Australian government, under criticism in Parliament, decided to send a squadron of Australian Centurion tanks to South Vietnam.((sfn|Dunstan|1982|p=176)) The 20-pdr armed((sfn|Starry|1978|p=113)) Australian Centurions of 'C' Squadron, [[1st Armoured Regiment (Australia)|1st Armoured Regiment]] landed in South Vietnam on 24 February 1968, being headquartered at [[Nui Dat]] in [[III Corps (South Vietnam)|III Corps]] (MR3).((sfn|McAulay|1988|p=196))

Colonel [[Donald Dunstan (Australian Governor)|Donald Dunstan]], later to be [[Governors of the Australian states|governor]] of [[South Australia]], was the deputy task force commander of the [[1st Australian Task Force]] (1 ATF) in South Vietnam.((sfn|McAulay|1988|p= 37)) Dunstan had quite possibly been the last Australian to use tanks and infantry in a combined operation during the Second World War, (as part of the [[Bougainville campaign]]), and the first since the war to command Australia's tanks and infantry in combat.((sfn|McAulay|1988|pp=221, 241, 242)) When he temporarily took over command during Brigadier [[Ronald Lawrence Hughes|Ronald Hughes]]'s absence, he directed that the Centurions be brought up from Nui Dat to reinforce [[fire support base|firebases]] ''Coral'' and ''Balmoral'', believing that they were a strong element that were not being used. Besides adding a great deal of firepower, Dunstan stated, he "couldn't see any reason why they [the Centurions] shouldn't be there".((sfn|McAulay|1988|p= 197)) His foresight enabled 1 ATF to kill approximately 267 soldiers from the 141st and 165th North Vietnamese Army Regiments during the six-week-long [[Battle of Coral–Balmoral]] in May 1968, as well as capturing 11 prisoners, 36 crew-served weapons, 112 small arms, and other miscellaneous enemy weapons.((sfn|McAulay|1988|p= 345))
[[File:Australian Centurions Vietnam.jpg|thumb|left|Troops of the 1st Armoured Regiment during a briefing at Vung Tau]]

After the Battle of Coral-Balmoral, a third Centurion troop, which included two tankdozers, was formed. By September 1968, 'C' Squadron was brought to its full strength of four troops, each equipped with four Centurion tanks. By 1969, 'B' Squadron, 3rd Cavalry; 'A' Squadron, 1st Armoured Regiment; 'B' Squadron, 1st Armoured Regiment; and 'C' Squadron, 1st Armoured Regiment, had all made rotations through South Vietnam. Originally deployed as 26 Centurion tanks, after three and a half years of combat operations, 58 Centurions had served in country; 42 had suffered battle damage with six beyond repair and two crewmen had been killed in action.((sfn|Dunstan|1982|p=176))

The Centurion crews, after operating for a few weeks in country, soon learned to remove the protective armoured side skirts from both sides of the tank, to prevent the vegetation and mud from building up between the track and the mudguards. Each Centurion in Vietnam normally carried a basic load of 62 rounds of 20&nbsp;pounder shells, 4,000 rounds of [[.50 BMG|.50 cal]] and 9,000 rounds of [[.30-06 Springfield|.30 cal]] machine gun ammunition for the tank commander's machine gun as well as the two coaxial machine guns.((sfn|McAulay|1988|p=237, 238, '''276''' ".50 cal coax")) They were equipped with petrol engines, which necessitated the use of an extra externally mounted ((convert|100|impgal|L|adj=on)) fuel tank, which was attached to the vehicle's rear.((sfn|Starry|1978))((sfn|McAulay|1988|p= 278))

=== Indo-Pakistani wars ===
[[File:Centurion tank Indian army.jpg|thumb|Indian Centurion tank paraded during 73rd Republic day celebration]]

In 1965, the bulk of India's tank fleet was older M4 Sherman tanks, but India also had Centurion Mk.7 tanks, with the 20 pounder gun, and also [[AMX-13]] and [[M3 Stuart]] light tanks. The Centurion Mk.7 at that time was one of the most modern western tanks.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.milweb.net/webverts/22995/ |title=90&nbsp;mm M36 Gun Motor Carriage "Jackson" |website=Milweb.net |quote=Post W.W.II, the M36 was employed by the [[US Army]] in Korea and was distributed to friendly nations including France, where it was used in Indo-China (Vietnam), Pakistan. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071202082142/http://www.milweb.net/webverts/22995/ |archive-date=2007-12-02))</ref><ref>((Cite web |url=http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/pakistan/aminkhemkaran.html |title=The Battle for Ravi-Sutlej Corridor 1965: A Strategic and Operational Analysis |first=Maj. A. H. |last=Amin |date=December 30, 2001 |website=Orbat.com |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071007171816/http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/pakistan/aminkhemkaran.html |archivedate=7 October 2007))</ref>

The offensive of Pakistan's 1st Armoured Division was blunted at the [[Battle of Asal Uttar]] on 10 September. Six Pakistani armoured regiments were opposed by three Indian armoured regiments. One of these regiments, 3 Cavalry, fielded 45 Centurion tanks. The Centurion, with its 20-pounder gun and heavy armour, proved to be more than a match for the [[M47 Patton|M47]] and [[M48 Patton]]s.<ref>((cite book |last=Prabhakar |first=Peter |title=Wars, Proxy-Wars and Terrorism : Post Independent India |publisher=Mittal Publications |location=New Delhi |year=2003 |isbn=978-81-7099-890-7))</ref> On the other side, when Pakistani Army armoured division primary composed of M47 and M48 Pattons, they proved to be able to penetrate only a few of the Centurion tanks, as witnessed in the [[Battle of Chawinda]] in the [[Sialkot]] sector. A post-war US study of the tank battles in South Asia concluded that the Patton's armour could, in fact, be penetrated by the [[Ordnance QF 20 pounder|20-pounder tank gun]] (84&nbsp;mm) of the Centurion (later replaced by the even-more successful L7 105 mm gun on the Mk. 7 version which India also possessed) as well as the 75&nbsp;mm tank gun of the [[AMX-13]] light tank.((citation needed|date=October 2015))

In 1971, at the [[Battle of Basantar]], an armoured division and an armoured brigade of the Pakistani I Corps confronted two armoured brigades of the Indian I Corps, which had Centurion tanks. This resulted in a substantial tank battle, between the American-built tanks of the Pakistani Army and the Indian Army's mixture of Soviet T-55s and British Centurions. Casualties were heavily skewed against the Pakistani force, with 46 tanks destroyed.

=== Middle East ===
((more citations needed section|date=July 2010))
[[File:Dan Hadani collection (990044466490205171).jpg|thumb|Israeli Sho't variant (Centurion up-gunned with the 105 mm L7 cannon) in 1969.]]

The first country which bought Centurion tanks was Egypt. The first tanks were received in 1950.<ref>((cite book |last=Jabber |first=Paul |title=Not By War Alone : Security and Arms Control in the Middle East |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |year=1981 |isbn=978-0-520-04050-2 |page=99 |url=https://archive.org/details/notbywaralonesec00jabb/page/99))</ref> Israel's formerly British Centurions were first delivered in 1959. Differing varieties of the Centurion were bought by Israel over the years from many different countries or captured in combat. Following their acquisition the Israelis quickly upgraded the tanks with British [[Royal Ordnance L7|105&nbsp;mm L7]] instead of the original [[Ordnance QF 20 pounder|20-pounder]] main gun and renamed them [[Sho't]] ("scourge" or "whip").<ref>((cite web |title=The Centurion Sho't of Israel – Centurion (A41) – Main Battle Tank |date=16 February 2012 |access-date=23 December 2012 |url=http://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=13 |website=Military Factory |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116035847/http://militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=13 |archive-date=16 January 2013))</ref>

[[File:Karama aftermath 2.jpg|thumb|right|Disabled Israeli Centurion in the aftermath of the [[Battle of Karameh]]]]
When the [[Six-Day War]] broke out in 1967, the [[Israel Defense Forces]] (IDF) had 293 Centurion / Sho't tanks that were ready for combat<ref>((cite book |last1=Tucker |first1=Spencer C. |last2=Roberts |first2=Priscilla Mary |title=The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YAd8efHdVzIC |year=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-1-85109-842-2 |page=995))</ref> out of a total of 385 tanks. In Sinai, Egypt had 30 Centurion tanks.<ref name="Clodfelter2017">((cite book |first=Micheal |last=Clodfelter |title=Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015 |edition=4th |year=2017 |publisher=McFarland |isbn=978-1-4766-2585-0 |page=575))</ref> All 30 Egyptian tanks were destroyed or captured by Israel during the conflict.<ref>((cite book |title=Centurion vs T-55 : Yom Kippur War, 1973 |last=Dunstan |first=Simon |publisher=Osprey |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-84603-369-8 |location=Oxford, New York |pages=41))</ref> Israel also captured about 30 Jordanian Centurion tanks from a total of 90 in Jordanian service. 25 tanks were abandoned in Hebron by the 10th Jordanian Independent Tank Regiment.<ref>((cite book |title=Six Days in June: How Israel Won the 1967 Arab-Israeli War |last=Hammel |first=Eric |publisher=Pacifica Military History |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-935553-54-3))</ref><ref name="Foss2002">((cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GTFVAAAAYAAJ |title=Jane's Armour and Artillery |last=Foss |first=Christopher F. |publisher=Jane's Publishing Company Limited |year=2002 |volume=23 |page=57|isbn=9780710624253 ))</ref>

All Sho't tanks were upgraded with the more efficient [[Continental AV1790|Continental AVDS-1790-2A]] diesel engine (also used in the [[M48 Patton|M48]] and the [[M60 Patton|M60]] tanks) and an Allison CD850-6 [[Transmission (mechanics)|transmission]] from 1970 to 1974. The upgraded version were named Sho't Kal Alef and were followed by three additional sub-variants called Bet, Gimel and Dalet according to the upgrades added.((sfn|Dunstan|2003)) The upgrades included thicker armour, new turret rotating mechanism, new gun stabiliser, improved ammunition layout with more rounds and increased fuel capacity. A modern [[fire control system]], an improved [[fire extinguisher]] system, better electrical system and brakes, and the capability of installing reactive armour completed the modifications. They had American radios and either the original 7.62&nbsp;mm calibre MG on the commander's cupola or a [[M2 Browning|12.7&nbsp;mm calibre HMG]].<!--Previously, sentence suggested that only M2 equipped tanks had American radios!--> The Sho't Kal could be distinguished from the Centurion by its raised rear deck, to accommodate the bigger engine.

[[File:Shot Oz 77.JPG|thumb|left|A Sho't tank in a memorial near the [[Valley of Tears]], Golan Heights]]
The Sho't Kal version of Centurion earned its legendary status during the Battle of "[[The Valley of Tears]]" on the [[Golan Heights]] in the 1973 [[Yom Kippur War]]. 105 Sho't Kal tanks of the [[7th Armored Brigade (Israel)|7th Armoured Brigade]] and 20 Sho't tanks of the 188th Brigade defeated the advance of some 500 Syrian [[T-55]]s and [[T-62]]s and the Sho't Kal became emblematic of Israeli armour's prowess.<ref name="Dunstan2013">((cite book |last=Dunstan |first=Simon |title=The Yom Kippur War 1973 (1): The Golan Heights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M32HCwAAQBAJ |date=2013 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4728-0210-1 |page=59))</ref> During the entire war, 1,063 Israeli tanks were disabled<ref name="McDermott">((cite book |chapter=Chapter 5 |first1=Rose |last1=McDermott |author-link1=Rose McDermott |first2=Uri |last2=Bar-Joseph |author-link2=Uri Bar-Joseph |date=2017 |title=Intelligence Success and Failure: The Human Factor |location=New York City |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19934-173-3))</ref> (more than half of them Centurions), about 600 of which were completely destroyed or captured.<ref name="JTA74" /> Some 35 Israeli Centurions were captured by Egypt,<ref name="WareDelf2013">((cite book |last1=Ware |first1=Pat |last2=Delf |first2=Brian |title=The Centurion Tank |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FRWXoRxjJHgC |year=2013 |publisher=Casemate Publishers |isbn=978-1-78159-011-9 |page=59))</ref> dozens more were captured by Syria, Iraq<ref>((Cite book |url=https://www.hativa14.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Edgar_Oballance.pdf |title=No Victor, No Vanquished: the Yom Kippur War |first=Edgar |last=O'Ballance |date=1991 |page=107 |location=Novato, California |publisher=Presidio Press |isbn=978-0-89141-017-1))</ref> and four by Jordan.<ref name="CIA73">((Cite journal |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/1973-10-25.pdf |title=Arab States-Israel |date=October 25, 1973 |journal=Central Intelligence Bulletin |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200707120835/https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/1973-10-25.pdf |archive-date=7 July 2020))</ref> On the other hand, 2,250 Arab tanks were disabled<ref name="McDermott" /> (including 33 Jordanian Centurions, 18 of them destroyed<ref name="CIA73"/>), 1,274 of them were completely destroyed or captured<ref>((cite news |title=Israel |date=29 November 1973 |newspaper=Anderson Daily Bulletin |location=Anderson, Indiana |page=14))</ref> (643 tanks were lost in the north and 631 were lost in the south<ref>((cite report |title=Weapons Systems Evaluation Group Report 249 |publisher=[[Institute for Defense Analyses]] |date=October 1974 |page=44))</ref>). After the war, to replace Israeli losses, the United States delivered 200 M60 and M48 tanks<ref name="Bowman2016">((cite book |last=Bowman |first=Martin |title=Cold War Jet Combat: Air-to-Air Jet Fighter Operations 1950–1972 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jliqCwAAQBAJ |year=2016 |publisher=Pen and Sword |isbn=978-1-4738-7462-6 |page=198))</ref> and the United Kingdom delivered 400 Centurion tanks to Israel.<ref name="JTA74">((Cite web |url=http://www.jta.org/1974/09/16/archive/britain-mum-on-whether-it-is-selling-centurions-to-israel |title=Britain Mum on Centurions to Israel |date=16 September 1974 |website=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327161236/https://www.jta.org/1974/09/16/archive/britain-mum-on-whether-it-is-selling-centurions-to-israel |archive-date=27 March 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=2 February 2019))</ref>

Sho't Kal tanks with [[Reactive armour|Blazer reactive armour package]] were used in the [[1982 Lebanon War|1982 invasion of Lebanon]]. During the war, 21 Centurion tanks were knocked out, 8 of them were destroyed.<ref>''שריו'' [Armor] (in Hebrew), December 2007</ref>

The Israelis started to retire the Sho't Kal during the 1980s and they were completely retired during the 1990s. Most of them were converted to Nagmasho't, [[Nagmachon]], and [[Nakpadon]] (heavy [[armoured personnel carrier]]s or [[Infantry Fighting Vehicle]]s) and [[Puma armored engineering vehicle|Puma armoured engineering vehicle]]s.

=== Jordan ===
((more citations needed section|date=October 2022))
Fifty Centurions were purchased by Jordan between 1954 and 1956 and by 1967 about 90 Centurions were in service. The Jordanian Army used its Centurion tanks in the [[Six-Day War]]. In 1967, the 10th Independent Tank Regiment was equipped with 44 Centurion Mk.V tanks armed with 20pdr guns, but was initially deployed on East Bank. Later, the unit was moved urgently to the [[Hebron]] area, in West Bank, in order to link with the supposed Egyptian advance. Some Centurion tanks were destroyed and about 30 captured by the Israeli Army. Israelis entering Hebron captured 25 Jordanian Centurion tanks. The Royal Guards Brigade had one regiment that was also equipped with Centurions.

After the 1967 war, the army was rearmed and more Centurion tanks were purchased.

In September 1970 ([[Black September]]) Jordan used Centurions of the 40th Armoured Brigade against invading Syrian T-55 tanks. Jordan lost 75 to 90 tanks out of 200 involved.<ref>((Cite journal |url=https://www.2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/113360.pdf |title=Minutes of a Washington Special Actions Group Meeting, Washington, September 24, 1970 |journal=Foreign Relations, 1969–1976 |volume=XXIV |page=912 |publisher=United States Department of State |access-date=28 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190811100748/https://2001-2009.state.gov/documents/organization/113360.pdf |archive-date=11 August 2019 |url-status=dead))</ref> Most of them were destroyed by Syrian tank fire at ar-Ramtha.<ref>((cite book |title=Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948-1991 |first=Kenneth Michael |last=Pollack |location=Lincoln, Nebraska |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |date=2002 |pages=337–345 |isbn=978-0-80323-733-9))</ref> But some of them were destroyed by the PLO in [[Amman]].<ref>((cite book |title=Terror in Black September: The First Eyewitness Account of the Infamous 1970 Hijackings |first=David |last=Raab |publisher=St. Martin's Press |date=2007 |page=168 |isbn=978-1-40398-420-3))</ref>
Palestinians used captured Centurion tanks against the Jordanian army.<ref>((Cite web |url=https://birdinflight.com/world/black-september-how-palestinian-terrorism-was-born.html |title=Black September: How Palestinian Terrorism Was Born |first=Ivan |last=Siiak |date=2 October 2015 |website=Bird In Flight))</ref>

In 1972, Centurion tanks were reequipped with 105&nbsp;mm guns. During the Yom Kippur War, the Jordanian 40th Armoured Brigade was deployed in the [[Golan Heights|Golan front]] to support Syrian troops and show [[Hussein of Jordan|King Hussein]]'s concern for Arab solidarity. The 40th Armoured Brigade moved northward towards Sheikh Meskin, but its counterattack was uncoordinated and largely ineffective as the Israelis were in prepared defensive positions.

In 1982–1985, 293 surviving Centurions of the Jordanian Army were refitted with the diesel engine and transmission of the [[M60A1]] tank in place of the original Meteor petrol engine, Belgian SABCA computerised fire-control system, which incorporated a laser range-finder and passive night sight for the gunner, Cadillac Gage electro-hydraulic turret drive and stabilisation system and a new Teledyne Continental [[hydropneumatic suspension]] in place of the Horstmann units. These upgraded vehicles were called the Tariq. After retirement from service with the arrival of ex-British [[Challenger 1|Challenger tank]]s in the late 1990s, several Tariqs were converted into heavy APCs ([[Dawsar]]).

=== British use of Centurion AVREs ===
In 1972 during [[Operation Motorman]] in Northern Ireland, 165mm-armed Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers (AVREs) with dozer blades were used to destroy barricades set up by the IRA in Northern Ireland. The 165mm demolition guns were pointed to the rear and covered up.

During Operation Desert Storm in 1991, 12 FV4003 Centurion Mk5 AVREs were deployed with [[32 Engineer Regiment (United Kingdom)|32 Armoured Engineer Regiment]] as part of [[Operation Granby|British operations during the campaign]]. Three were lost in training in two separate incidents involving vehicle fires and detonation of munitions. One AVRE was destroyed on 5 February 1991 and two were destroyed in a second incident the next day.<ref>((cite report |author=The House of Commons Defence Committee, 10th Report 1990–91 Session |title=Preliminary Lessons of Operation Granby |publisher=HMSO |date=17 July 1991))</ref> Four minor injuries were sustained. No AVRES saw action during the operation.

=== South Africa ===
[[File:Olifant tank2.JPG|thumb|Modified South African Centurion Mk 5]]

[[South Africa]] ordered 203 Centurion Mk 3 tanks from the United Kingdom in 1953.<ref name="trade">((cite web |url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |title=Trade Registers |website=[[SIPRI]] |access-date=2013-06-20 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414022558/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |archive-date=14 April 2010))</ref> The South African Centurions entered service between 1955 and 1958, and included about 17 armoured recovery vehicles.<ref name="trade" /> South Africa's major strategic priorities at the time revolved around assisting the British Armed Forces and other member states of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] during a conventional war in the Middle East or Anglophone Africa.<ref name=Berridge>((cite book |last=Berridge |first=G. R. |title=South Africa, the Colonial Powers and African Defence: The Rise and Fall of the White Entente, 1948–60 |date=1992 |pages=1–16, 163–164 |publisher=Palgrave Books |location=Basingstoke |isbn=978-0-333-56351-9))</ref> The Centurions were procured specifically because they were compatible with Commonwealth tank tactics and pre-existing British armoured formations.<ref name=Harmse>((cite book |last1=Harmse |first1=Kyle |last2=Dunstan |first2=Simon |title=South African Armour of the Border War 1975–89 |date=23 February 2017 |pages=4, 32–46 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |location=Oxford, UK |isbn=978-1-4728-1743-3))</ref>

Following South Africa's withdrawal from the Commonwealth in 1961, its priorities shifted toward internal security and diversifying national arms procurement outside traditional suppliers such as the United Kingdom.<ref name=Harmse /> To that end, 100 Centurion Mk 3s and 10 Centurion-based recovery vehicles were sold off to Switzerland in 1961.<ref name="trade" /> The remaining Centurions were largely relegated to reserve roles as a result of maintenance problems compounded by parts shortages and a tendency to overheat in the hot African climate.<ref name=Harmse /><ref name=lesakeng>((cite web |url=http://www.saarmourmuseum.co.za/lesakeng.html |title=Lesakeng |website=South African Armour Museum |date=2012-12-06 |access-date=2013-06-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703141331/http://www.saarmourmuseum.co.za/lesakeng.html |archive-date=3 July 2013))</ref> In 1972, the South African Army retrofitted some of its Centurions with the engines and transmission of American-made [[M48 Patton]] tanks in an attempt to improve technical performance.<ref name="Evolution">((cite book |last=Ogorkiewicz |first=Richard |date=2015 |title=Tanks: 100 Years of Evolution |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-4728-0670-3 |pages=222–223))</ref> The upgraded Centurions were designated ''Skokiaan'' and proved unpopular due to their high fuel consumption and poor operating range.<ref name=lesakeng />
[[File:Skokiaan2.JPG|thumb|left|The first ''Skokiaan'' prototype]]
Tanks reentered the mainstream of South African military doctrine in 1975, following [[Operation Savannah (Angola)|Operation Savannah]], which saw the lightly armoured South African forces in [[Angola]] threatened by large formations of Soviet tanks supplied to the [[People's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola]] (FAPLA) and their [[Cuba]]n allies.<ref name=Harmse /> Operation Savannah was followed by further modifications and trials under Project ''Semel'', and the South African government was obliged to finance the creation of a new private sector enterprise, the [[Land Systems OMC|Olifant Manufacturing Company]] (OMC), to refurbish the Centurions.<ref name=Harmse /> During this period South Africa managed to restore its tank fleet to its original size by purchasing a number of surplus Centurion hulls from Jordan and India.<ref name="Evolution" /> The passage of [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 418]], which imposed a mandatory arms embargo on the country, forced South Africa to purchase the hulls without turrets or armament.<ref name="trade" /> OMC upgraded each Centurion with a 29-litre Continental turbocharged diesel engine and a new transmission adopted from the [[M60 Patton]].<ref name="Evolution" /> The refurbished Centurions were also armed with a South African variant of the Royal Ordnance L7 105&nbsp;mm main gun.<ref name="Evolution" /> They were accepted into service with the South African Armoured Corps as the Olifant Mk1A in 1985.<ref name="Evolution" />

South African expeditionary forces clashed with FAPLA [[T-54/55]] tanks during [[Operation Askari]] in late 1983 and early 1984; however, due to the enormous logistical commitment needed to keep the Olifants operational so far from conventional repair facilities, they were not deployed.<ref name=Harmse /> At length the South African mechanised infantry, bolstered by [[Eland Mk7|Eland]] and [[Ratel IFV|Ratel-90]] armoured car squadrons, succeeded in destroying the tanks on their own, although severe delays were encountered due to their lack of adequate anti-tank weaponry.<ref name="Lessons">((cite web |title=The Lessons of the Border War |last1=Scholtz |first1=Leopold |url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/smsajms/article/viewFile/89172/78726|location=Stellenbosch |publisher=Military Science Department, Stellenbosch University |date=2012 |access-date=24 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150128103422/http://www.ajol.info/index.php/smsajms/article/viewFile/89172/78726 |archive-date=28 January 2015))</ref> Morale also suffered when inexperienced armoured car crews were ordered to take on the Angolan T-54/55s in their vulnerable vehicles.<ref name="Lessons" /> Criticism in this regard led to the deployment of a single squadron of thirteen Olifant Mk1As to the Angolan border, where they were attached to the [[61 Mechanised Battalion Group]].<ref name="Lessons" /> Following the [[Lusaka Accords]], which effectively ensured a ceasefire between South Africa and Angola, these Olifants were placed into storage and the tank crews rotated out.<ref name="Lessons" />
[[File:South African Olifant tank, 2011.jpg|thumb|Olifant Mk2]]
The collapse of the Lusaka Accords and the subsequent launch of [[Operation Moduler]] in late 1987 led to the Olifant squadron being reactivated on the direct orders of South African State President [[P.W. Botha]].<ref name=Harmse /> On 9 November 1987 the Olifants destroyed two Angolan T-55s during a heated nine-minute skirmish.<ref name="Hamann">((cite book |title=Days of the Generals |last=Hamann |first=Hilton |date=2007 |orig-year=2003 |location=Cape Town |publisher=Struik Publishers |isbn=978-1-86872-340-9 |page=94))</ref> This marked the first occasion South African tanks had been sent into battle since World War II.<ref name="Hamann" /> Throughout Operation Moduler, South African forces typically dispersed into an "arrowhead" formation, with Olifants in the lead, Ratel-90 armoured cars on the flanks, and the remainder of the mechanised infantry to the rear and centre.<ref name="Holt">((cite book |title=At Thy Call We Did Not Falter |last=Holt |first=Clive |location=Cape Town |publisher=Zebra Press |year=2008 |orig-year=2005 |isbn=978-1-77007-117-9 |pages=68–69))</ref> Three Olifants were abandoned in a minefield during [[Operation Packer]] and subsequently captured by FAPLA, while another two were damaged beyond immediate repair by mines but successfully recovered.<ref name="Bush">((cite book |title=Bush War: The Road to Cuito Cuanavale – Soviet Soldiers' Accounts of the Angolan War |last1=Shubin |first1=Gennadiĭ Vladimirovich |last2=Tokarev |first2=Andreĭ Aleksandrovich |location=Auckland Park |publisher=Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd |year=2011 |orig-year=2007 |isbn=978-1-909982-39-0 |page=31))</ref><ref name="Palestine">((cite book |title=Israel/Palestine and the Politics of a Two-State Solution |last=Mitchell |first=Thomas G. |location=London, UK |publisher=Futura Publications |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-7864-7597-1 |page=97))</ref> A number of others suffered varying degrees of track and suspension damage due to mines or Angolan tank fire, but were able to keep moving after field repairs.<ref name="Polack">((cite book |title=The Last Hot Battle of the Cold War: South Africa vs. Cuba in the Angolan Civil War |last=Polack |first=Peter |location=Oxford, UK |publisher=Casemate Publishers |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-61200-195-1 |edition=illustrated |page=149))</ref>

In the early 1990s, the Olifant Mk1A was superseded by the Olifant Mk1B, which incorporated major improvements in armour protection, a slightly more powerful engine, a double armoured floor for protection against mines, and a torsion bar suspension.<ref name="Evolution" />

=== Sweden ===
((more citations needed section|date=October 2022))
[[File:Stridsvagn 102 Revinge 2013.jpg|thumb|Stridsvagn 102]]
At the end of the Second World War, it was clear that the mix of tanks in service with the [[Swedish Armed Forces]] was not just obsolete but also presented a large logistical problem. Kungliga Arméförvaltningens Tygavdelning (KAFT, the weapons bureau of the army administrative service) conducted a study that concluded that the most cost-effective alternative would be to purchase the newly developed Centurion Mk 3, which, while quite modern, was judged to also have upgrade potential for future requirements. A purchase request was sent to Great Britain, but the reply was that no deliveries could be made before the needs of the British Army had been satisfied, which was deemed to take between five and 15 years. Thus, in 1951, the vehicle bureau of KAFT was set to develop a Swedish alternative project, [[Emil (tank)|E&nbsp;M&nbsp;I&nbsp;L]]. Parallel with this, negotiations were initiated with France about buying the [[AMX-13]].

[[File:Stridsvagn 101 vid Skaraborgs regemente P4 (GMSF.024200).jpg|thumb|right|Strv 101 (Swedish Centurion Mk 10)]]
The British stance altered in early December 1952, due to the economic necessity of increasing exports to earn scarce foreign currency. Britain offered to sell the desired Centurions immediately. Minister of Defence [[Torsten Nilsson]] arbitrarily placed an order of 80 Mk 3, with Swedish Army designation ''Stridsvagn 81'' (Strv 81), around new year 1952/1953, with the first delivery in April 1953.<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.sphf.se/Axvall/emil.htm |title=EMIL |website=Svensk PansarHistorisk Förening |language=sv |access-date=15 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160218072202/http://www.sphf.se/Axvall/emil.htm |archive-date=18 February 2016))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=http://www.ointres.se/strv_103.htm |title=Historien bakom Strv 103 "S" |website=Ointres.se |language=sv |access-date=15 November 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141127215734/http://www.ointres.se/strv_103.htm |archive-date=27 November 2014))</ref> In 1955, Sweden ordered a batch of 160 Centurion Mk 5 (also designated Strv 81), followed by a batch of 110 Centurion Mk 10 around 1960 (designated Strv 101). The Centurions, together with the [[Stridsvagn 103]], formed the backbone of the Swedish armoured brigades for several decades. The Mk 3 and the Mk 5 were upgraded with a 105&nbsp;mm gun in the 1960s, becoming Strv 102.

Between 1983 and 1987, the Centurions had a midlife renovation and modification (REMO) done, which included among other things night vision equipment, targeting systems, laser range finders, improved gun stabilisation, thermal sleeves on the barrel and exhaust pipes and reactive armour developed by the Swedish FFV Ordnance. Around 80 Strv 102 were upgraded with Continental diesel engines and Allison gearboxes in the early 1980s, becoming Strv 104.

The Swedish Army gradually phased out its Centurions and Strv 103 during the 1990s as a consequence of comparative tests of the [[T-72]], [[Leclerc tank|Leclerc]], [[M1 Abrams|M1A1]] and [[Leopard 2]]. They were replaced with the [[Stridsvagn 121]] and [[Stridsvagn 122]].

=== Nuclear tests ===
[[File:Tank at Robertson Barracks - cropped.jpg|thumb|right|''The Atomic Tank'' at [[Robertson Barracks]]]]
An [[Australian Army]] Mk 3 Centurion Type K, Army Registration Number 169041, was involved in a small [[nuclear test]] at [[Emu Field]] in Australia in 1953 as part of [[Operation Totem|Operation Totem 1]]. Built as number 39/190 at the Royal Ordnance Factory, [[ROF Leeds|Barnbow]] in 1951 it was assigned the [[British Army]] number 06 BA 16 and supplied to the Australian Commonwealth Government under Contract 2843 in 1952.<ref name="CMV">Cecil, M: ''Classic Military Vehicle'' October 2004 Issue 41, pages 43–46. Kelsey Publishing Group, 2004.</ref>

It was placed less than ((convert|500|yd|m)) from the 9.1&nbsp;[[TNT equivalent|kt]] blast with its turret facing the epicentre, left with the engine running and a full ammunition load.<ref name="The Unique History of 169041">((cite web |url=http://www.raeme.info/opse746.php?op=armd&item=3#article |title=Atomic Tank: The Unique History of Centurion 169041 |first=Mike |last=Cecil |website=RAEME Know How |access-date=15 November 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414003631/http://www.raeme.info/opse746.php?op=armd&item=3#article |archive-date=14 April 2015))</ref> Examination after detonation found that it had been pushed away from the blast point by about ((convert|5|ft|m)), pushed slightly left and that its engine had stopped working, but only because it had run out of fuel. Antennae were missing, lights and periscopes were heavily sandblasted, the cloth mantlet cover was incinerated, and the armoured side plates had been blown off and carried up to ((convert|200|yd|m)) from the tank.<ref name="CMV" /> It could still be driven from the site. Had the tank been manned, the crew would most likely have been killed by the [[shock wave]]. ((citation needed|date=February 2022))

169041, subsequently nicknamed ''The Atomic Tank'', was used in the [[Vietnam War]]. In May 1969, during a firefight, 169041 (call sign 24C) was hit by a [[rocket-propelled grenade]] (RPG). The turret crew were all wounded by fragmentation as the RPG hollow charge jet entered the lower left side of the fighting compartment, travelled diagonally across the floor and lodged in the rear right corner. Trooper Carter was evacuated, while the others remained on duty and the tank remained battleworthy.<ref name="The Unique History of 169041" />

''The Atomic Tank'' was located at [[Robertson Barracks]] in [[Palmerston, Northern Territory]], before being moved to [[RAAF Base Edinburgh]] in South Australia. Although other tanks were subjected to nuclear tests, 169041 is the only one known to have withstood a blast and to have later fought in a war.<ref name="Steel Thunder">((cite web |url=http://the-original-steel-thunder-2.synthasite.com/page-5.php|title=Australian Centurions in preservation, many photographs |website=Steel Thunder Original Two |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226071917/http://the-original-steel-thunder-2.synthasite.com/page-5.php |archive-date=26 February 2009))</ref>

=== Centurion timeline===
* 1950: [[Korean War]] – United Kingdom
* 1956: [[Suez Crisis]] – United Kingdom
* 1965: [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] – India
* 1967: [[Six-Day War]] – Israel, Jordan
* 1969: [[Vietnam War]] – Australia
* 1971: [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] – India
* 1973: [[Yom Kippur War]] – Israel, Jordan, Kuwait<ref>((cite web |url=http://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/536573 |title=ماذا قدم العرب لمصر في حرب أكتوبر |trans-title=What did the Arabs offer to Egypt in the Yom Kippur War? |date=10 October 2014 |website=[[Al-Masry Al-Youm]] |language=ar |access-date=2015-09-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016053924/http://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/536573 |archive-date=16 October 2015))</ref>
* 1982: [[1982 Lebanon War]] – Israel
* 1988: [[South African Border War]] – South Africa
* 1991: [[Operation Desert Storm]]/Operation Granby (British name)-United Kingdom, twelve FV4003 AVREs deployed to SW Asia. Three destroyed in accidents; fires and munitions. None saw action.

===Centurion variant timeline===
* 1982: [[Falklands War]]-United Kingdom, single Centurion Beach Armoured Recovery Vehicle (BARV).<ref>Falklands War: Centurion BARV website 04 Jan 2018</ref>

== Variants ==
=== UK variants ===
==== Centurion Pilot Vehicles ====
:20 built late 1944-early 1945. Vehicle weight 42 tons.
;P1 – P5
:Armed with 17 pdr with 20&nbsp;mm [[20 mm Polsten|Polsten]] cannon and 7.92 [[Besa machine gun|BESA]] in ball mounting at turret rear.

;P6 – P10
:17 pdr with linkage to 20&nbsp;mm Polsten and turret rear escape hatch

;P11 – P15
:17 pdr with linkage to 7.92 mm BESA and turret rear escape hatch

;P16 – P20
:Armed with [[Ordnance QF 17-pounder#77 mm HV|77mm HV]] and driver-operated hull machine gun

==== Prototypes ====
[[File:Centurion Mark 1.png|thumb|A41 prototype with Polsten cannon]]
;A41 [20&nbsp;mm]: Centurion prototype with secondary turret-mounted Polsten cannon
;A41 [Besa]: Centurion prototype with coaxial Besa MG—later fitted with experimental [[Canal Defence Light|CDL]]

==== Centurion production mark numbers ====
[[File:Centurion Tank outside the Redoubt Fortress.jpg|thumb|Centurion Mk 3 at [[Eastbourne Redoubt]]]]
[[File:Centurion Tank AWM.jpg|thumb|Centurion Mk 5/1 at the [[Australian War Memorial]]]]
[[File:Centurion Mk VII (Panzer 57) pic03.JPG|thumb|Centurion Mk 7]]
[[File:0533 - Moskau 2015 - Panzermuseum Kubinka (26374168336).jpg|thumb|Centurion Mk 10]]
[[File:Panzermuseum Munster 2010 0596.JPG|thumb|Centurion Mk 12]]
[[File:Centurion Mk 13 front-right 2017 Bovington.jpg|thumb|Centurion Mk 13]]
;Centurion Mk 1: A41, armed with the 17pdr (76.2&nbsp;mm) gun and Polsten cannon (or Besa machine gun). Fabricated turret with rear escape door, vehicle weight 47 tons. Six early vehicles sent to [[5th Royal Inniskilling Dragoon Guards]], [[22nd Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom)|22nd Armoured Brigade]] at [[Gribbohm]], in Germany, May 1945.((efn-lr|Note: prototype vehicles and Centurion's Marks 1 to 3 were designed and produced under design leadership of the [[Associated Equipment Company]] (AEC).))
;Centurion Mk 2: A41A, Up-armoured hull, fully cast turret, new commander's cupola, Polsten cannon and mount replaced with co-axial Besa machine gun, gunner's sighting periscope replacing sighting telescope, main gun armament stabilised in azimuth and elevation. Entered full production in 1946.
;Centurion Mk 3: Upgunned to the [[Ordnance QF 20-pounder|20pdr (84 mm)]] gun, slightly shorter hull, 2 stowage positions for track links on glacis, vehicle weight 49 tons. ((efn-lr|Note: most Mark 2s were later upgraded to Mark 3 standard in 1950-51)) Fitted with a [[Two-inch mortar|((convert|2|in|mm|spell=in|adj=on)) mortar]], loaded and fired from within the turret.<ref>((Cite book |first1=Simon |last1=Dunstan |first2=Peter |last2=Sarson |title=Centurion Universal Tank 1943–2003 |year=2003 |page=13 |publisher=Osprey |isbn=978-1-84176-387-3))</ref> Entered full production in 1948, replaced earlier variants.
;Centurion Mk 4: Projected close-support version with [[Ordnance QF 95&nbsp;mm Howitzer|95&nbsp;mm CS howitzer]], not built ((efn-lr|Note: it was initially planned for 10% of all Centurion production to be of Close Support (CS) vehicles. This requirement was later cancelled.))
;Centurion Mk 5: Browning machine guns fitted to coaxial and commander's [[cupola]] mounts, turret rear escape door deleted, turret roof reshaped, deletion of 2"&nbsp;(51&nbsp;mm) bomb thrower in turret roof, extra stowage bin on glacis, addition of guide roller in track run,((efn-lr|Note: most of these modifications were retrospectively applied to Mark 3 vehicles)) vehicle weight 51 tons.((efn-lr|Note: Centurion's Marks 5 onwards were designed and produced under design leadership of [[Vickers-Armstrongs|Vickers-Armstrong Limited]].)) Entered production in 1955.
;Centurion Mk 5/1 a.k.a. FV&nbsp;4011: Increased [[glacis]] armour, two coax machineguns: one [[M1919 Browning machine gun|.30 (7.62 mm) Browning]] & one [[M2 Browning machine gun|.50 (12.7 mm) caliber Browning]] for ranging the 84&nbsp;mm (20 pounder) main gun
;Centurion Mk 5/2: Upgunned to the [[Royal Ordnance L7]] 105&nbsp;mm gun ((efn-lr|Note: Mark 5 vehicles after receiving up-gunning and up-armouring were later designated Mark 6))
;Centurion Mk 6: Upgunned and uparmoured Mk 5
;Centurion Mk 6/1: Mk 6 fitted with IR equipment
;Centurion Mk 6/2: Mk 6/1 fitted with [[spotting rifle|ranging gun]]
;Centurion Mk 7 a.k.a. FV&nbsp;4007: Revised engine decks, and added a third internal fuel tank. Armed with the 20pdr (84 mm) gun.
;Centurion Mk 7/1 a.k.a. FV&nbsp;4012: Uparmoured Mk 7
;Centurion Mk 7/2: Upgunned Mk 7 ((efn-lr|Note: Mark 7 vehicles after receiving up-gunning and up-armouring were later designated Mark 9))
;Centurion Mk 8: Resilient [[Gun mantlet|mantlet]] and new commanders cupola. Armed with the 20pdr (84 mm) gun.
;Centurion Mk 8/1: Uparmoured Mk 8
;Centurion Mk 8/2: Upgunned Mk 8 ((efn-lr|Note: Mark 8 vehicles after receiving up-gunning and up-armouring were later designated Mark 10))
;Centurion Mk 9 a.k.a. FV&nbsp;4015: A Mk 7 uparmored and upgunned to the L7 gun.
;Centurion Mk 9/1: Mk 9 with IR equipment
;Centurion Mk 9/2: Mk 9 with ranging gun fitted
;Centurion Mk 10 a.k.a. FV&nbsp;4017: Upgunned and uparmoured Mk 8
;Centurion Mk 10/1: Mk 10 with IR equipment
;Centurion Mk 10/2: Mk 10 with ranging gun fitted
;Centurion Mk 11: Mk 6 fitted with IR equipment and ranging gun
;Centurion Mk 12: Mk 9 fitted with IR equipment and ranging gun
;Centurion Mk 13: Mk 10 fitted with IR equipment and [[M2 Browning machine gun|.50 (12.7 mm) caliber Browning]] ranging gun.<ref>((cite web |url=http://norfolktankmuseum.co.uk/centurion-mk-13-fv4017/ |title=Centurion Mk 13 FV4017 |website=Norfolk Tank Museum |language=en |access-date=20 November 2022 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525155705/http://norfolktankmuseum.co.uk/centurion-mk-13-fv4017/ |archive-date=25 May 2022))</ref>

==== Fighting Vehicle numbers ====
[[File:Centurion AVRE 165 (23747976416).jpg|thumb|Centurion AVRE 165]]
[[File:FV 4004 tankfest 2021.JPG|thumb|FV 4004 Conway in the right]]
[[File:FV4005 front-left 2017 Bovington.jpg|thumb|FV 4005 stage 2 in the [[Bovington Tank Museum]]]]
((anchor |FV 3802))
;FV&nbsp;3802 : Self-propelled [[Ordnance QF 25 pounder|25-pdr (88 mm)]] artillery prototype based on the Centurion—engine at the rear as in the gun tank, but only five road wheels per side. The gun was fitted in a barbette with 45° traverse to each side. Accepted in principle in 1954, but abandoned in favour of FV3805 in 1956.<ref name="Norman9" />
((anchor |FV 3805))
;FV&nbsp;3805 : Self-propelled [[BL 5.5-inch Medium Gun|((convert|5.5|in|mm|abbr=on))]] artillery prototype, again based on the Centurion—engine at the front and driver over the trackguard. Project stopped in 1960 in favour of the [[FV433 Abbot SPG|FV433 105&nbsp;mm SP Abbot]]. The single surviving prototype of the FV3805, which had its ((convert|5.5|in|mm|adj=on)) gun removed, is known to be located on the Isle of Wight on the south coast of England. This prototype was converted into an artillery observation vehicle. As of August 2015, there is currently a crowd-sourced restoration project in process, with the intent to restore the vehicle to fully operational and running capacity.<ref name="Norman9" />
((anchor |FV 4002|FV 4002 Centurion))
;FV&nbsp;4002 Centurion Mk 5 Bridgelayer: (1963) – Mk 5 chassis with a No 5 Tank Bridge. The ((convert|52|by|13|ft|m|abbr=on)) bridge<ref name="Norman9" /> could be launched in less than two minutes, could span a gap of ((convert|45|ft|m|abbr=on)) and with a height difference of up to ((convert|8|ft|m|abbr=on)) and could bear up to 80 tons.
((anchor |FV 4003))
;FV&nbsp;4003 Centurion Mk 5 AVRE 165: (1963) – AVRE (Armoured Vehicle Royal Engineers) vehicle with a 165&nbsp;mm demolition gun with a range of about ((convert|2,000|yd|m)) and firing a ((convert|60|lb|kg|abbr=on)) [[High Explosive Squash Head|HESH]] projectile for breaching obstacles. It was fited with a [[hydraulics|hydraulically operated]] dozer blade or a mine plough and could carry a [[fascine]] bundle or a roll of metal Class 60 Trackway, tow the [[Giant Viper|Viper]] mine-clearance equipment or a trailer. This variant had a five-man crew and was used in the 1972 [[Operation Motorman]] and in the 1991 [[Gulf War]].
((anchor |FV 4004 Conway))
;FV&nbsp;4004 Conway : "FV&nbsp;4004 Self-propelled gun, 120&nbsp;mm, L1 gun, Mk 3" prototype based on a Centurion Mark 3 hull with a larger calibre 120&nbsp;mm L1 gun in a turret designed by [[Auster]] and made by [[Chubb Fire & Security|Chubb]] of rolled plate.<ref name="Norman9" /> Due to the long recoil of the gun, the gun had to mounted higher up to avoid striking the turret ring and had limited elevation and depression.<ref>((Citation |title=5 HEAVY Tanks ((!)) Tank Chats |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDYd7bOgMP0 |access-date=2023-11-11 |language=en))</ref> It was intended to be an interim design until the [[Conqueror tank]], which had the same gun entered service. One was built before the project was cancelled in 1951.<ref name="Norman9" />
((anchor |FV 4005))
;FV 4005 Stage 2 : An experimental [[tank destroyer]] with a 183&nbsp;mm gun L4, which was a modified version of the [[BL 7.2-inch howitzer|BL ((convert|7.2|in|mm|0|adj=on)) howitzer]]. Project started in 1951/52,<ref name="Norman9">Norman, p. 9.</ref> and developed in July 1955. It used a lightly armoured, fully enclosed and traversable turret on a Centurion hull. By August 1957, the tank destroyer was dismantled.<ref>((cite web |url=http://arcaneafvs.com/conway.html |title=FV4004, 120&nbsp;mm Conway and FV4005, 183&nbsp;mm gun tank |access-date=15 November 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091213035300/http://arcaneafvs.com/conway.html |archive-date=13 December 2009))</ref> It was later reassembled, replacing the original Centurion Mk.3 Hull with Mk.12 Hull, and put on display in the Bovington Tank Museum.<ref>((cite web |title=Tanks Chats #124 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zzfUPvRCRAk |website=Youtube |access-date=6 July 2023))</ref>
((anchor |Centurion ARV|FV4006))
;FV&nbsp;4006 [[Centurion ARV Mk II|Centurion ARV Mk 2]]: (1956) – Mk 1 / Mk 2 / Mk 3 hull with the turret replaced by a superstructure housing a winch. The winch was powered by an auxiliary engine and was capable of pulling of up to 90 tons using a system of blocks. Armed with a single ((convert|.30|in|mm|2|abbr=on)) machine gun on the commander's cupola.
;FV&nbsp;4007 Centurion Mk 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8/1, 8/2
;FV 4008 Duplex Drive Amphibious Landing Kit: 12 lightweight panels forming a skirt around a permanently fixed deck; the panels were jettisoned with explosive charges.<ref name="Norman9" />
;FV&nbsp;4010 a.k.a. Heavy Tank Destroyer G.W. Carrier: [[Malkara missile|Malkara Anti Tank Guided Missile]] launcher vehicle
;FV&nbsp;4011 Centurion Mk 5
;FV&nbsp;4012 Centurion Mk 7/1, 7/2
;FV&nbsp;4013 Centurion ARV Mk 1: (1952) – Based on Mk 1 / Mk 2 hull. Turret replaced by a superstructure housing a winch driven by a ((convert|72|hp|kW|abbr=on)) [[Bedford QL]] truck engine. About 180 units were built, some of them were used in the [[Korean War]]. After 1959, they were used solely as training vehicles.
;FV&nbsp;4015 Centurion Mk 9
;FV&nbsp;4016 Centurion ARK: (1963) – [[Armoured Ramp Carrier]]. Built on a Mark 5, the vehicle itself was part of the bridge. It could span a gap of up to ((convert|75|ft|m)), and could bear up to 80 tons.
;FV&nbsp;4017 Centurion Mk 10
;FV&nbsp;4018 [[BARV|Centurion BARV]] (1963): Beach Armoured Recovery Vehicle. The last Centurion variant to be used by the British Army. One vehicle was still in use by the [[Royal Marines]] until 2003. Replaced by the '''Hippo''', which is based on a [[Leopard 1]] chassis.
;FV&nbsp;4019 Centurion Mk 5 Bulldozer: (1961) – Centurion Mk V with a dozer blade identical to that of the Centurion AVRE. One such tank was usually given to every Centurion-equipped squadron.
;[[FV4202|FV&nbsp;4202]] "40 ton Centurion": Used to demonstrate various concepts later used in the Chieftain. A Rolls-Royce Meteorite engine with five pairs of smaller wheels. It had a needle nose turret front carrying a 20-pounder gun, welded to the rear of a Centurion turret. The driver had a reclining seat but could not operate the vehicle in the reclined position.

=== Specialist variants ===
[[File:Centurion-Bridgelayer-latrun-1.jpg|thumb|Centurion ARK]]
[[File:Centurion ARV II Tank.jpg|thumb|Centurion ARV Mk 2]]
[[File:Flickr - davehighbury - Bovington Tank Museum 003.jpg|thumb|right|Centurion Target Tank]]
;Centurion [Low Profile]
: Variant with Teledyne Low-profile Turret. It was armed with a 105mm gun, and the hull was up-armoured to an unknown extent.
;Centurion [MMWR Target]
: Cobbled together radar target tank.
;Centurion Marksman
: Fitted with [[Marksman anti-aircraft system|Marksman air defence]] turret
;Centurion Ark (FV&nbsp;4016)
: Assault Gap Crossing Equipment (Armoured ramp carrier)
;Centurion ARV Mk I
: Armoured Recovery vehicle
;[[Centurion ARV Mk II]]
: Armoured Recovery Vehicle with superstructure
;Centurion AVLB
: Dutch armoured vehicle laying bridge
;Centurion AVRE 105
: Combat Engineer Version armed with 105&nbsp;mm gun
;Centurion AVRE 165
: Combat Engineer Version armed with [[Royal Ordnance L9|165mm L9 Demolition Gun]]
;Centurion BARV
: Beach Armoured Recovery Vehicle
;Centurion Bridgelayer (FV&nbsp;4002)
: Class 80 bridgelayer
;Centurion Mk 12 AVRE 105
:Ex-Forward Artillery Observer vehicles converted to AVRE role.
;Centurion Target Tank<ref>((cite web |url=http://preservedtanks.com/Profile.aspx?UniqueId=1377 |title=Tank Profile |website=Preserved Tanks |access-date=2015-09-02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304203405/http://preservedtanks.com/Profile.aspx?UniqueId=1377 |archive-date=4 March 2016))</ref>
:A Gun tank with most items removed from turret and dummy gun fitted, much thicker Bazooka plates fitted and extra armour in places. Used on [[Lulworth Ranges]] c1972-5 to train guided weapon missile crews using inert missiles. Nominally driver only.

=== Non-UK variants ===
==== Denmark ====
[[File:Stevnsfortet (14935252259).jpg|thumb|Centurion Mk V, 2 DK]]
;Centurion Mk V, 2
:A Mk V upgraded with the British 105&nbsp;mm L7A1 gun and the Browning co-axial machine gun replaced by the German [[MG3]]. 106 Mk Vs were upgraded from 1964.<ref name="cf">((cite web |url=http://www.armyvehicles.dk/centurion.htm |title=Centurion Family |website=ArmyVehicles.dk |access-date=15 November 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128054158/http://www.armyvehicles.dk/centurion.htm |archive-date=28 November 2014))</ref><ref>((cite web |url=http://www.armyvehicles.dk/centurionmkv2.htm |title=Centurion Mk V, 2 |website=ArmyVehicles.dk |access-date=15 November 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128054051/http://www.armyvehicles.dk/centurionmkv2.htm |archive-date=28 November 2014))</ref>

;Centurion Mk V, 2 DK
:Mk V, 2 with laser range finder and night vision optics. 90 units were upgraded in 1985.<ref name="cf"/><ref>((cite web |url=http://www.armyvehicles.dk/centurionmkv2dk.htm |title=Centurion Mk V, 2 DK |website=ArmyVehicles.dk |access-date=15 November 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141128053935/http://www.armyvehicles.dk/centurionmkv2dk.htm |archive-date=28 November 2014))</ref>

==== Israel ====
[[File:Nagmashot-yossifoon01.jpg|thumb|Nagmashot]]
[[File:MAR-290-Centurion-beyt-hatotchan-2.jpg|thumb|MAR-290 / Eshel ha-Yarden.]]
;[[Sho't]] (English – "Whip")
: An [[Israel]]i designation of the Centurion.
;;Sho't Meteor
:Centurion Mk 5 tanks with the original Meteor engine purchased in 1959.
;;Sho't Kal Alef/Bet/Gimel/Dalet
:Modernised Centurion tanks with 105&nbsp;mm gun from 1963 and new powertrain of the [[Continental AV1790|Continental AVDS-1790-2A]] [[diesel engine]] mated to the Allison CD850-6 [[Transmission (mechanics)|transmission]]. Entered service in 1970. By 1974, all Israeli Centurions were upgraded to Sho't Kal (Mk 13 armour) and had a pintle-mounted .50 cal HMG. Sub-variants indicate upgrades received by Sho't Kal tanks during their operational life, including a new turret rotating mechanism, a new gun stabiliser, a new [[fire-control system]] and preparations for the installation of the Blazer [[Reactive armour|ERA]].
;;Nagmashot / [[Nagmachon]] / [[Nakpadon]]
:Israeli heavy [[armoured personnel carrier]]s based on the Centurion tank's [[chassis]].
;;[[IDF Puma|Puma]]
::Israeli [[combat engineering vehicle]] on Centurion tank chassis.
;;Eshel ha-Yarden
:A quadruple tubular launcher for 290&nbsp;mm ground-to-ground rockets mounted on Centurion tank chassis. The project was cancelled after a single prototype was built. Both this vehicle and [[Postwar Sherman tanks#Israeli variants|an earlier version based on Sherman chassis]] are often referred to as '''MAR-290'''.
;Tempest
:Operated by [[Singapore]], modernised with Israeli assistance, similar to Israeli variant, with diesel engine and new main gun, and possibly reactive armour.((citation needed|date=May 2016))

==== Netherlands ====
[[File:Een Centurion Mk 5-2 gevechtstank van 101 Tankbataljon AKL044981.jpg|thumb|Dutch Centurion Mk 5/2 in 1969. The tank is distinguished by the rectangular housing of the [[xenon]] searchlight and is armed with the 105 mm L7 cannon.]]
[[File:Een Centurion Mk 5-dozertank 2001 12-8-83-J-5.jpg|thumb|right|Centurion ''dozertank'']]

;((visanc |Centurion Mk 5 NL)) and Mk 5/2 NL
:Circa 1965, Dutch Mk 5 and 5/2 tanks were equipped with infrared headlights, searchlight, and viewing equipment, of [[Philips]] design instead of the types used on British tanks. Around the same time, a .50-caliber ranging machine gun was added, as was a spare wheel bracket on the rear of the turret, and from 1969, the M1919 [[Browning machine gun]]s were replaced by [[FN MAG]]s. From 1973, the tanks' radio sets were replaced by Philips-designed ones.<ref name="Ruys 2002">((cite journal |last=Ruys |first=Sander |date=2002 |journal=Armamentaria |title=De Centuriontank in Nederlandse Dienst |language=nl |url=https://www.orbat85.nl/documents/Armamentaria%2037%20Centuriontank.pdf |volume=37))</ref>
;((visanc |Centurion ''bruggenlegger''))
:Between 1962 and 1965, 17 Mk 5 gun tanks were converted to bridge layers (Dutch: ''bruggenlegger''), using the same bridge and mechanism as the American [[M48 AVLB|M48]] and [[M60 AVLB]]s.
;((visanc |Centurion ''dozertank''))
:Also in 1962–65, 17 Mk 5s with 20-pounder guns were converted to [[Bulldozer|dozer tanks]] by fitting adapted blades from old M4 Sherman dozers. Once ammunition stocks for the 20-pounders were exhausted, the guns were removed and the turrets fixed facing to the rear, with the smoke grenade launchers relocated to the now front of the turret with spotlights installed there as well to assist dozer operations at night.

==== South Africa ====
[[File:SANDF Olifant Tank Variants.jpg|thumb|Olifant and its variants]]
;Olifant
: Centurion tanks redesigned and rebuilt by ((South Africa|1928)) with the help of [[Israel]]; considered the best indigenous tank design on the African continent. The name, 'Olifant' derives from the [[Afrikaans]] word for 'elephant' - being a heavy animal and indicating the heaviest combat vehicle in the South African Army.<ref name="trewhitt">((cite book |last=Trewhitt |first=Philip |title=Armoured Fighting Vehicles |year=1999 |publisher=Dempsey-Parr |page=96 |isbn=978-1-84084-328-6))</ref>
;;Semel
:(1974) 810 hp fuel-injected petrol engine, three-speed semi-automatic transmission.
;;Olifant Mk 1
:(1978) 750 hp diesel engine, semi-automatic transmission.
;;Olifant Mk 1A
:(1985) Retains the fire control system of the original Centurion but has a hand-held laser rangefinder for the commander and image-intensifier for the gunner.<ref name="trewhitt" /><ref>((cite book |last=Heitman |first=Helmoed-Romer |title=South African Arms & Armour |year=1988 |publisher=Struik |isbn=978-0-86977-637-7))</ref>
;;Olifant Mk 1B
:(1991) [[Torsion bar]] suspension, lengthened hull, additional armour on the glacis plate and turret, V-12 950 hp diesel engine, computerised fire control system, laser rangefinder.<ref name="trewhitt" />
;;Olifant Mk 2
:Redesigned turret, new fire control system. Can mount an LIW 105&nbsp;mm GT-8 rifled gun or a 120&nbsp;mm smooth bore gun.

==== Sweden ====
[[File:OLM-2012-8-2970.jpg|thumb|Strv 101 during exercise at [[Villingsberg]] in 1966]]
[[File:Stridsvagn 104C ‘80342’ (35848512733).jpg|thumb|Strv 104 at [[The Tank Museum]], Bovington]]
The designations follows the pattern of main gun calibre in centimetres followed by the service order number. Hence the Strv 81 is read as the first tank with an 8&nbsp;cm gun, while the Strv 101 is the first tank with a 10&nbsp;cm gun that was accepted into service.

;Stridsvagn 81
:[[Swedish Army]] designation for both the initial 80 Mk 3 Centurions (20 pdr gun) and the 1955 purchase of 160 Mk 5 Centurions, all with Imperial instrumentation, Swedish radios, etc. Pre-NATO threading made the screws incompatible with the later Strv 101.
;Stridsvagn 101
:Swedish Army designation for its 110 Mk 10 Centurions (105&nbsp;mm gun) bought in 1958 with Swedish instrumentation and radios, etc.
;Stridsvagn 102
:Swedish Army designation for Stridsvagn 81 upgunned in 1964–1966 to 105&nbsp;mm main gun.
;Stridsvagn 101R
:Swedish Army designation for Stridsvagn 101 upgraded in the 1980s with Renovation/modification (REMO).
;Stridsvagn 102R
:Swedish Army designation for Stridsvagn 102 upgraded in the 1980s with REMO and frontal armour matching the 101R.
;Stridsvagn 104
:Swedish Army designation for the 80 Stridsvagn 102 which in addition to the REMO received the same powerpack as the Sho't Kal Alef, consisting of a Continental diesel and an automatic gearbox from Allison.
;Stridsvagn 105
:Swedish Army designation for Stridsvagn 102R upgraded with new suspension, firecontrol systems etc. Prototype only.
;Stridsvagn 106
:Swedish Army designation for Stridsvagn 101R upgraded with new suspension, etc. Not built.
;Bärgningsbandvagn 81
:Swedish Army designation for Centurion ARV.

==== Switzerland ====
[[File:Centurion MK III Seite - Schweizer Armee - Steel Parade 2006.jpg|thumb|Panzer 55 with 105&nbsp;mm L7]]
All swiss Centurion Tanks were used with a retrofitted Swiss MG 51 / 71 as secondary armament.<ref name="auto1">((Cite web|url=https://militaerfahrzeuge.ch/unterkategorie_13_10_47.html|title=Panzer 55 Centurion Mk 3 / Mk 5, Pz 55 mit 10,5 cm Pz Kan 60 - Kampfpanzer - Kettenfahrzeuge|website=militaerfahrzeuge.ch))</ref><ref name="auto">((Cite web|url=https://militaerfahrzeuge.ch/unterkategorie_13_10_48.html|title=Panzer 57 Centurion Mk 7 / Mk 12, Pz 57 mit 10,5 cm Pz Kan 60 - Kampfpanzer - Kettenfahrzeuge|website=militaerfahrzeuge.ch))</ref>
;Panzer 55 <ref name="auto1"/>
:100 Centurion Mark 3's ordered in 1955 and delivered between 1956 and 1957.
:100 additional Centurion Mark 5's were ordered from South Africa in 1960 and delivered between 1962 and 1964
:150 of the vehicles were subsequently re-armed with the 105&nbsp;mm L7.
;Panzer 57 <ref name="auto"/>
:100 Centurion Mark 7's ordered in 1957 and delivered between 1958 and 1960
:12 used (Canadian) Centurion Mark 12's were ordered in 1975/76 and delivered in 1976/77

==== Jordan ====
;Tariq
:Jordan designation.

== Operators ==
[[File:Centurion operators.png|thumb|right|Operators((legend|#0360d5|Current)) ((legend|#dd001e|Former))]]

=== Current operators ===
[[File:Royal Tank Museum 28.jpg|thumb|Jordanian Tariq at the [[Royal Tank Museum]], Amman]]

* ((flagicon|Israel)) [[Israel]]: Gun tanks retired, many hulls converted to [[Nagmachon]] APCs, [[Nakpadon]] ARVs or [[IDF Puma|Puma CEVs]].
* ((flagicon|Jordan)) [[Jordan]]: Chassis re-used for the modern [[Dawsar|Temsah APC]]<ref name="Temsah">((cite web |title=Temsah |url=http://www.military-today.com/apc/temsah.htm |format=photo |website=Military Today |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090319092126/http://military-today.com/apc/temsah.htm |archive-date=19 March 2009))</ref>
* ((flagicon|South Africa)) [[South Africa]]: In service as the indigenously developed and upgraded Mk1A/B and Mk2 [[Olifant tank]]<ref>((cite web |author=ARG |url=http://www.military-today.com/tanks/olifant_mk1b.htm |title=Olifant Mk.1B Main Battle Tank |website=Military Today |access-date=2009-08-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918093700/http://www.military-today.com/tanks/olifant_mk1b.htm |archive-date=18 September 2009))</ref><ref>((cite web |author=ARG |url=http://www.military-today.com/tanks/olifant_mk2.htm |title=Olifant Mk.2 Main Battle Tank |website=Military Today |access-date=2009-08-01 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090917223714/http://www.military-today.com/tanks/olifant_mk2.htm |archive-date=17 September 2009))</ref>

=== Former operators ===
* ((flagicon|Australia)) [[Australia]]: Replaced by [[Leopard 1]].
* ((flagicon|Austria)) [[Austria]]: Now fixed in bunkers.
* ((Flagicon|Canada)) [[Canada]]: Initially ordered 274 Mk 3 tanks, plus nine armoured recovery vehicles and four bridge-layers and additional orders followed. The Mk 5 (upgunned to 105&nbsp;mm) were used later. From 1969 to 1970, the Canadian Army lists 77 tanks based in Germany (mostly Mk 5 and Mk 11's) and the remainder in Canada (60 at CFB Wainwright AB, 59 at CFSD Longue-Pointe QC, 46 at CFB Gagetown NB, 30 at CFB Borden, 29 at CFB Meaford ON, 27 at CFB Calgary AB, 12 at CFB Petawawa ON, six at RCEME School Kingston ON and one at the LETE Test Establishment Orleans, CFB Ottawa ON) for a total of 347 tanks (including 120 Mk 5s, three Mk 5 recovery tanks and some Mk 11s with IR and ranging guns fitted). Replaced by [[Leopard 1|Leopard C1]]. Many of the tanks were sold to Israel, which converted them to diesel. Some are still in use as variants.
* ((flagicon|Denmark)) [[Denmark]]: 216 augmented by [[Leopard 1]].
* ((flagicon|Egypt)) [[Egypt]]: Replaced by [[T-54/55|T-55s]], [[T-62]]s, [[M60A3#M60A3 series|M60A3s]] and [[M1 Abrams|M1A1s]].
* ((flagicon|India)) [[India]]: Retired
* ((flagicon|Iraq)) [[Iraq]]: Retired
* ((flagicon|Kuwait)) [[Kuwait]]: 50. Handed over to [[Somalia]] in the later half of 1979.<ref>((Cite web |title=NON-SOVIET GROUND FORCE WEAPON DELIVERIES TO SOMALIA ((!)) CIA FOIA (foia.cia.gov) |url=https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/cia-rdp80t01355a000100070001-0 |access-date=2022-08-10 |website=www.cia.gov))</ref>
* ((flagicon|Lebanon)) [[Lebanon]]

[[File:Legeroefening in Duitsland. Centuriontanks van het 41ste Bataljon in opmars, Bestanddeelnr 913-0459.jpg|thumb|right|Dutch Centurion Mk 3 in 1961.]]
[[File:Centurion Tank Waiouru.jpg|thumb|Centurion tank on display at the [[National Army Museum (New Zealand)|National Army Museum]] – [[Waiouru]], [[New Zealand]]]]

* ((flagicon|Netherlands)) [[Netherlands]]: Initially received 435 Mk 3 tanks beginning in 1953, increased to 592 by 1956; all were paid for by the United States as part of the [[Mutual Defense Assistance Act]]. As one was lost to an accidental fire in 1953, 591 gun tanks were on strength, and were soon upgraded to Mk 5 standard with 20-pounder gun and the British radio sets replaced by American types; one fuel mono-trailer was also available per tank. From 1956 to 1958, 66 ARV Mk 2s were procured, and in 1959–60, 70 Mk 7 tanks were delivered from the UK; these were all held in war reserve until 1969, when they were disposed of. Over the years 1960–72, 343 Mk 5 tanks were gradually upgunned with 105&nbsp;mm guns to Mk 5/2 standard, as were 19 Mk 7s (to Mk 7/2) in 1966–68. Between 1962 and 1965, 17 Mk 5 tanks were converted to bridge layers, using the same bridge and mechanism as the American [[M48 AVLB|M48]] and [[M60 AVLB]]s; at the same time, another 17 Mk 5s with 20-pounder guns were converted to dozer tanks. As an experiment, one Mk 5/2 and one Mk 7/2 were converted by installing a diesel engine in 1968; though successful, it was not adopted because the cost approached that of buying a new [[Leopard 1]]. All Centurions were replaced by [[Leopard 2]] MBTs in the 1980s, after having been used alongside Leopard 1s in the 1970s. Many Mk 5 and all Mk 7 tanks were returned to the United States (which had paid for them), which appears to have shipped most to Israel.<ref name="Ruys 2002" />
* ((flagicon|New Zealand)) [[New Zealand]]: Used 12 vehicles in the variant Mk 3 (three tanks) from UK, Mk 5 and 5/1 (total eight tanks) from [[British Army]] in [[Hong Kong]] and one ARV from UK. Retired from services in 1968 and seven tanks together with the ARV sold to [[Australia]]. Two have been preserved and have been handed over to the museum. The other two went to the Waiouru training ground as hard range targets.<ref>((cite web | url=http://kiwisinarmour.hobbyvista.com/cent.htm | title=History of the 3rd NZ Division Tank Squadron ))</ref>
* ((flagicon|Socialist Republic of Romania)) [[Socialist Republic of Romania]]: Defector [[Ion Mihai Pacepa]] claimed Romania received one example from Israel in 1978 in exchange for increased immigration of [[Romanian Jews]] to Israel. Pacepa further states that [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] had planned to produce the Centurion under license.<ref>((cite book |last=Pacepa |first=Ion Mihai |author-link= |date=April 15, 1990 |title=Red Horizons: The True Story of Nicolae and Elena Ceausescus' Crimes, Lifestyle, and Corruption |url= |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Regnery Publishing |page=371 |isbn=0895267462))</ref>
* ((flagicon|Singapore)) [[Singapore]]: 63 Centurion Mk3 and Mk7s bought from India in 1975 and more from Israel in 1993–1994, all upgraded to Israeli standard with new main guns and diesel engines<ref name="Huxley2000">((cite book |last=Huxley |first=Tim |title=Defending the Lion City: The Armed Forces of Singapore |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HRh2mAEACAAJ |year=2000 |publisher=Allen & Unwin |isbn=978-1-86508-118-2 |page=131))</ref> It has since been placed into storage and replaced by the Leopard 2SGs.((citation needed|date=June 2012))
* ((flagicon|Somalia)) [[Somalia]]: Christopher F. Foss, writing in the second edition of ''Jane's Main Battle Tanks'' said that 'Kuwait was believed to have supplied Somalia with about 35 Centurions.'<ref>((cite book |last=Foss |first=Christopher |title=Jane's Main Battle Tanks |publisher=Jane's |location=London, UK/New York City |year=1986 |isbn=0-7106-0372-X |page=186))</ref> The ''Military Balance 1987–88'' (p.&nbsp;112) listed 30 Centurions held by the Somali Army.
* ((flagicon|Sweden)) [[Sweden]]: Replaced by [[Stridsvagn 121]] (Leopard 2A4)
* ((flagicon|Switzerland)) [[Switzerland]]: Replaced by [[Leopard 2]]
* ((flagicon|United Kingdom)) [[United Kingdom]]: Replaced by [[Chieftain tank|Chieftain]]

=== Tanks of comparable role, performance and era ===
* [[T-54/55]] (Soviet Union)
* [[T-62]] (Soviet Union)
* [[M26 Pershing]] (US)
* [[M46 Patton]] (US)
* [[M47 Patton]] (US)
* [[M48 Patton]] (US)

== Notes ==
((notelist-lr))

== References ==
;Citations
((Reflist))
;Bibliography
((Refbegin))
* ((cite book |last=Cecil |first=Michael K. |title=Mud & Dust: Australian Army Vehicles & Artillery in Vietnam |year=2009 |publisher=New Holland Publishers (Australia) |isbn=978-1-74110-767-8))
* ((cite book |last=Dunstan |first=Simon |title=Centurion (Modern Combat Vehicles: 2) |year=1980 |publisher=Ian Allan Publishing |ISBN=978-0711010635 ))
* ((cite book |last=Dunstan |first=Simon |title=Vietnam Tracks-Armor in Battle 1945–75 |year=1982 |publisher=Osprey Publications |isbn=978-0-89141-171-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/vietnamtracksarm00duns))
* ((cite book |last=Dunstan |first= Simon |others=illustrated by Badrocke M. and Sarson P. |title= Centurion Universal Tank 1943–2003 |year= 2003 |publisher= Osprey Publishing |series=New Vanguard 68) |isbn= 978-1-84176-387-3))
* ((cite book |title=Universal Tank: British Armour in the Second World War – Part 2 |last= Fletcher |first=David |author-link=David Fletcher (military historian) |year=1989 |publisher=[[HMSO]] |isbn= 978-0-11-290534-9))
* ((cite book |last=Hunnicutt |first=R. P. |title=Patton: A History of the American Main Battle tank |year=1984 |publisher=Presidio Press |isbn=978-0-89141-230-4 |volume=1 |ref=Hunnicutt, Patton))
* ((cite book |last=McAulay |first=Lex |title=The Battle of Coral: Vietnam Fire Support Bases Coral and Balmoral, May 1968 |year=1988 |publisher=An Arrow Book (Random House Australia Pty Ltd) |isbn=978-0-09-169091-5))
* ((cite book |last= Miller |first=David |title= The Illustrated Directory of Tanks of the World |year=2001 |publisher= Salamander Books Ltd |isbn=978-0-7603-0892-9 |ref=Miller, Dict. Tanks))
* ((cite book |last=Munro |first=Bill |title=The Centurion Tank |year=2005 |publisher=Crowood Press |isbn=978-1-86126-701-6))
* ((cite book |last= Royal Armoured Corps Tank Museum |title= British Tanks 1946–1970 |year= 1973 |publisher= The Museum |location=Wareham, Dorset |ref=Bovington, British Tanks |oclc= 221053350))
* ((cite book |last=Starry |first=Donn A. General |title=Mounted Combat in Vietnam |url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/090/90-17-1/index.html |series=Vietnam Studies |publisher=Department of the Army |date=1978|id=CMH Pub 90-17))
* ((Cite book |last=Varble |first=Derek |title=The Suez Crisis 1956 |year=2003 |publisher=Osprey |location=London |isbn=978-1-84176-418-4))
((Refend))

== External links ==
((Commons category|Centurion tanks))
* [http://www.wwiiequipment.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=60:centurion-cruiser-tank-a41&catid=37:cruiser-tanks&Itemid=56 Centurion armour/technical data]
* [http://www.tanksinworldwar2.com/uk-cruiser-tank-centurion.php Centurion]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FOmEOIt-nvY&list=PLBAEOsdxIbLPFEomzphaZQ0A5Vujkpjd8&index=7 Centurion Tank Chat] by tank historian David Fletcher
* [http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-armour/allied/centurion.htm Australian Centurions]
* [http://www.eastbournemuseums.co.uk/ Redoubt Fortress Museum] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110618163222/http://www.eastbournemuseums.co.uk/ |date=18 June 2011 )) Home of an example of a Mark III Centurion Tank
* [http://www.cavaleriemuseum.nl/ Dutch Cavalry Museum] has 2 Centurion tanks in its collection.
* [http://www.army-technology.com/projects/olifant/ Olifant Mk1B] details on Army-technology.com.
* [http://www.mheaust.com.au/Aust/Research/Cent091/Centaddinfo.htm Centurion Mk 5 and 5/1] ((Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131027013411/http://www.mheaust.com.au/Aust/Research/Cent091/Centaddinfo.htm |date=27 October 2013 )) details on Australian Mk. 5 and 5/1
((WWIIBritishAFVs))
((ModernUKAFVsNav |style= wide))
((Cold War tanks|style=wide))
((Centurion tanks|style=wide))

[[Category:Main battle tanks of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Main battle tanks of the Cold War]]
[[Category:Cruiser tanks of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:World War II tanks of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Cold War tanks of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced from 1945 to 1949]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]

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