Chalmers is a Scottish surname. Notable people with this surname include:

• Alan Chalmers (born 1939), British philosopher of science
• Alexander Chalmers (1759–1834), Scottish writer
• Alexander Chalmers (mayor) (1745–1703), Scottish-Polish merchant, jurist, and city clerk
• Andrew Chalmers (actor) (born 1992), Canadian actor
• Andrew Chalmers (footballer) (1899-?), Scottish professional footballer
• Andrew Chalmers (rugby league) New Zealand businessman and rugby league player
• Angela Chalmers (born 1963), Canadian middle-distance athlete
• Anna Maria Mead Chalmers (1809–1891), American journalist
• Brett Chalmers (born 1973), Australian rules footballer
• Bruce Chalmers (1907–1990), American metallurgist
• Christopher Chalmers (born 1967), Canadian freestyle swimmer
• Craig Chalmers (born 1968), Scottish rugby union player
• David Chalmers (born 1966), Australian philosopher and cognitive scientist
• Floyd Chalmers (1898–1993), Canadian editor, publisher and philanthropist
• George Chalmers (antiquarian) (1742–1825), Scottish antiquarian
• George Paul Chalmers (1833–1878), Scottish painter
• George Chalmers (baseball) (1888–1960), American baseball player
• Greg Chalmers (born 1973), Australian professional golfer
• Hamilton Henderson Chalmers (1833–1885), justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi
• Iain Chalmers (born 1943), British health services researcher
• Jackie Chalmers (1885– ?), Scottish footballer
• James Chalmers (actor) (born 1974), British actor
• James Chalmers (inventor) (1782–1853), Scottish inventor of the adhesive postage stamp
• James Chalmers (missionary) (1841–1901), Scottish missionary
• James Ronald Chalmers (1831–1898), American politician
• Lt. Col. James Chalmers, Scottish-born loyalist officer during the American Revolution
• Jim Chalmers (born 1978), Australian politician
• Jim Chalmers (New South Wales politician) (1901–1986), member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1947 to 1956
• Jimmy Chalmers (1877–1915), Scottish footballer
• Joan Chalmers (1928–2016), Canadian philanthropist
• John George Chalmers (1874–1962), American football coach
• Joseph W. Chalmers (1806–1853), U.S. Senator from Mississippi
• Judith Chalmers (born 1935), English television presenter
• Kyle Chalmers (born 1998), Australian swimmer
• Lewis Chalmers (born 1986), Association football player for Aldershot Town
• Lionel Chalmers (born 1980), American basketball player
• Logan Chalmers (born 2000), Scottish footballer
• Sir Mackenzie Chalmers (1847–1927), British civil servant, judge, pioneer legislative draftsman
• Mario Chalmers (born 1986), American basketball player
• Nathanael Chalmers (1830–1910), Scottish-born pastoralist, explorer, politician mainly of New Zealand
• Patrick R. Chalmers (1872–1942), Irish writer
• Paul Chalmers (born 1963), Scottish footballer
• Stevie Chalmers (1936–2019), Scottish footballer
• Robert Chalmers (1858–1938), British official, Permanent Secretary to the Treasury, Governor of Ceylon; Pali scholar
• Thomas Chalmers (1780–1847), scholar, theologian, leader of the Free Church of Scotland
• Thomas Chalmers (rugby player) (1850–1926), Scottish rugby player
• Thomas C. Chalmers (1917–1995), American medical researcher
• Thomas Hardie Chalmers (1884–1966), American actor and opera singer
• Walter Chalmers (1873–1957), British locomotive engineer
• William Chalmers (merchant) (1748–1811), Swedish 18th century businessman and the founder of Chalmers University of Technology

Fictional characters

• Superintendent Chalmers, school administrator on The Simpsons
• Detective Chalmers, Intra Solar System Police officer on Cowboy Bebop
• Walter Chalmers, politician in Bullitt
• Ed Chalmers, District Attorney in Blonde Ice
• Mr. Chalmers (alias Mr. Caslon), in You Gotta Stay Happy
• Otey Chalmers, in She Couldn't Say No (re-released as Beautiful But Dangerous)