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((EngvarB|date=August 2013))
((Use dmy dates|date=January 2024))
((Infobox person
| name        = The Earl of Tankerville
| image       = Charles Bennet, 2nd Earl of Tankerville.jpg
| caption     =
| birth_name  =
| birth_date  = ((birth date|1743|11|15|df=y))
| birth_place = St.James's Square, [[Middlesex]]<ref name=hull>[http://www3.dcs.hull.ac.uk/cgi-bin/gedlkup/n=royal?royal47569 Hull University, accessed 15 June 2008.]((dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes ))</ref>
| death_date  = ((death date and age|1822|12|10|1743|11|15|df=y))
| death_place = [[Walton-on-Thames]]
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates =
| nationality =English
| other_names = Lord Ossulston (from 1753 to 1767)
| known_for   = [[Cricket]]
| education   = [[Eton College]]
| employer    =
| occupation  = Gentleman
| title       = 4th Earl of Tankerville
| term        =
| predecessor =
| successor   = Charles Augustus Bennet
| spouse      = [[Emma, Lady Tankerville|Emma Colebrooke]]
| children    = 8
| parents     = [[Charles Bennet, 3rd Earl of Tankerville]] and Alice (((nee)) Astley)
))

'''Charles Bennet, 4th Earl of Tankerville''' (15 November 1743 – 10 December 1822),<ref>''The Register of Births & Baptisms in the Parish of St James within the Liberty of Westminster Vol. IV. 1741-1760''. 13 December 1743.</ref> styled '''Lord Ossulston''' from 1753 to 1767, was a British nobleman, a collector of shells<ref name=shell>[http://www.antiquariaatjunk.com/php/search.php3?Subjects=Shells%20%2F%20Molluscs&CatTitle=Shells%20%2F%20Molluscs A catalogue of the shells contained in the collection of the late Earl of Tankerville] ((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041114090207/http://www.antiquariaatjunk.com/php/search.php3?Subjects=Shells%20%2F%20Molluscs&CatTitle=Shells%20%2F%20Molluscs |date=14 November 2004 )), arranged according to the Lamarckian conchological system; together with an appendix, containing descriptions of many new species... London, E.J. Stirling for G.B. Sowerby, 1825</ref> and a famous patron of Surrey [[cricket]] in the 1770s. He agreed a set of cricket rules that included the first mention of the [[Leg before wicket]] rule.<ref name=pallmall/>

His wife, [[Emma, Lady Tankerville]], was notable as a collector of exotic plants. The first tropical orchid to flower in England is named for her as it was it flowered in her greenhouse. Her collection of over 600 illustrations were purchased by [[Kew Gardens]] in 1932 and are still available today.<ref>[http://www.kew.org/library/ARLIS.pdf Portraying plants:illustrations collections at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew] ((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080517103639/http://www.kew.org/library/ARLIS.pdf |date=17 May 2008 )), Marilyn Ward and John Flanagan, Art Libraries journal, Feb 2003</ref>

==Biography==

Tankerville was born in 1743 and was educated at [[Eton College]] between 1753 and 1760. He succeeded to the Earldom on the death of his father on 27 October 1767 and married [[Emma, Lady Tankerville|Emma]], daughter of [[Sir James Colebrooke, 1st Baronet]], in 1771.  He and his new wife settled at [[Walton on Thames]] at his house, Mount Felix overlooking the [[River Thames|Thames]].<ref name=edwed>[https://books.google.com/books?id=6PcGAAAAYAAJ&q=tankerville&pg=PA348 ''A Topographical History of Surrey''] by [[Edward Wedlake Brayley]], [[John Britton (antiquary)|John Britton]], [[Gideon Algernon Mantell]], and [[Thomas Allom]]</ref>
[[File:Brown of Lady Tankerville.jpg|thumb|Orchid named for Charles' wife Emma. Drawing by [[Pierre-Joseph Redouté]]]]
Lady Tankerville amassed a large collection of exotic plants at Mount Felix.<ref name=gift>[https://books.google.com/books?id=dgsfa13J2OIC&dq=%22tankerville%22+orchid+earl&pg=PA88 Gifts from the Gardens of China], By Jane Kilpatrick, ((ISBN|0-7112-2630-X)), accessed 10 June 2008</ref> Lady Tankerville's collection was thought to be the largest in the London area. Specimens named after Lady Tankerville include the ''Nun's Orchid'' or [[Phaius tankervilleae]].<ref>[http://asgap.org.au/p-tan.html This should be spelt Phaius tancarvilliae, but is frequently not] ((webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080622025340/http://asgap.org.au/p-tan.html |date=22 June 2008 ))</ref> Artists were employed to create botanical drawings on vellum of the specimens.<ref name=gift/>

Tankerville often played cricket and seems to have been a very good fielder, though he was not especially noted for batting or bowling. He was the employer of [[Edward "Lumpy" Stevens]], who was a gardener at Tankerville's [[Walton-on-Thames]] estate; and [[William Bedster]], who was his butler. It was the accuracy of "Lumpy" Stevens that led to the introduction of a middle stump. Prior to 1776 there were only two stumps and Lumpy's deliveries could go through the hole. A permanent memorial to Lumpy Stevens has been proposed.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20000520/ai_n14314664 Appeal to honour cricketer who inspired middle stump], The Independent, May 2000, accessed 9 June 2008</ref>

In 1774, Tankerville sat on the committee that formulated some early [[1774 English cricket season|laws of cricket]]. They were settled and revised at the Star and Garter in [[Pall Mall, London|Pall Mall]] on Friday 25 February 1774. The meeting was chaired by [[William Draper (general)|Sir William Draper]] and the committee included the [[John Sackville, 3rd Duke of Dorset|Duke of Dorset]], [[Harry Peckham]] and other "Noblemen and Gentlemen of [[Kent]], Hampshire, [[Surrey]], Sussex, [[Middlesex]], and London".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AEACAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22harry+peckham%22+cricket+laws&pg=PA70 Cricketana] by James Mycroft, 1865</ref> This meeting was one of the earlier sets of cricket rules and is acknowledged as being the first where the [[Leg before wicket]] rule was introduced.<ref name=pallmall>'Pall Mall, South Side, Past Buildings: Nos 94–95 Pall Mall: The Star and Garter', Survey of London: volumes 29 and 30: St James Westminster, Part 1 (1960), pp. 351–352. [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=40589 URL]. Date accessed: 8 June 2008.</ref>

Tankerville continued in his interest in cricket with Chertsey and Surrey Cricket club until 1781 when he retired from the sport and went into political office through the House of Lords.<ref>[http://www.chertseycc.org.uk/History/CCC_History.pdf Chertsey Cricket Club] ((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305215004/http://www.chertseycc.org.uk/History/CCC_History.pdf |date=5 March 2009 )) accessed 9 June 2008</ref> He was appointed joint [[United Kingdom Postmaster General|postmaster general]] and a [[Privy Council of Great Britain|privy councillor]] in 1782, but he resigned his office in April 1783. However Tankerville was again appointed under [[William Pitt the Younger|Mr Pitt]]'s administration in January 1784.

In 1805, [[Thomas Creevey]] wrote of him:<blockquote>...he is a haughty, honorable man - has lived at one time in the heart of political leaders - was the friend of [[William Petty, 2nd Earl of Shelburne|Lansdowne]] - has been in office several times, and is now a misanthrope, but very communicative and entertaining when he likes his man. His only remaining passion is for clever men, of which description he considers himself as one, tho' certainly unjustly.<ref>''The Creevey Papers'' (ed. John Gore), (Folio Society, London, 1970), at p.31.</ref></blockquote>

He died on 10 December 1822 and was succeeded by his eldest son Charles Augustus.<ref name=edwed/>

==Legacy==
((More citations needed|section|date=December 2022))
Tankerville's other interests included maps and shells. At the end of his life his collection was sold for an undisclosed sum, but thought to be between three and four thousand pounds.<ref name=shell/> There are a number of flowers, shells and gastropods with the Latin name ''tankervillii''. The gastropod named ''[[Amalda tankervillii]]'' (Swainson, 1825) is probably named for Tankerville (or less probably his son).<ref>[http://www.tmbl.gu.se/libdb/taxon/personetymol/petymol.tu.html Biographical Etymology of Marine Organism Names]. Accessed 3 March 2016.</ref>

Tankerville married Emma Colebrooke on 7 October 1771<ref>((Cite ODNB|title=White Conduit cricket club (act. c. 1785–1788)|url=https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-64818|year = 2004|language=en|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/64818|access-date=24 May 2020))</ref> in [[Gatton, Surrey|Gatton]], Surrey.<ref name=hull/> She was co-heir to her father Sir John Colebrooke. Lady Tankerville's collection of botanical illustrations are at the Royal Botanical Gardens. [[Phaius tankerville]] was named in her honour by Sir [[Joseph Banks]].<ref name=legacy>((Cite web|title=Lady Tankerville s Legacy: A Historical and Monographic Review of Phaius and Gastrorchis by Judi Stone & Phillip Cribb: New Hardcover (2017) ((!)) The Penang Bookshelf|url=https://www.abebooks.co.uk/Lady-Tankerville%C2%92s-Legacy-Historical-Monographic-Review/22676159415/bd|website=www.abebooks.co.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=24 May 2020))</ref> It was the first tropical orchid to flower in England.<ref name=legacy/>

Their daughter Lady Mary Elizabeth Bennet (21 May 1785 – 27 February 1861) worked with their gardener (William Richardson) to cultivate new strains of tri-colored viola [[pansy]] flowers that were presented to the botanical society and horticulture groups in 1812.

Lady Mary Elizabeth Bennet was a watercolour artist included in many exhibitions. She was trained by London artist [[John Varley (painter)|John Varley]]. Her works are on exhibit and in private collections including a composition of her home at Belsay Castle rendered in 1834 after her marriage on 26 July 1831 to Sir Charles Miles Lambert Monck, Bt. The painting of her home at Belsay Castle in [[Northumberland]] by Lady Mary Elizabeth Monck was found to be included as part of the Monck estate in 1912 and now resides in a private collection in the United States.

Another of her works is the "Burial Place of the Breadalbanes from the Churchyard at Killin" done in 1826–1827 on a trip to the Scottish highlands with her brother. This haunting graveyard work may have been inspired by the seat of her father's estate as the Earl of Tankerville being at [[Chillingham Castle]] which was said to be haunted.

From 1815 to 1823 (before her marriage) artist Lady Mary Elizabeth Bennet also trained and worked with the genius London artist John Linnell in engraving as well as miniature painting on ivory. They together produced a set of (12) engravings about Chillingham Castle that were started in 1815 and not finished and published until 1818.

The Hon [[Henry Grey Bennet]], their second son, became the member of parliament for [[Shrewsbury (UK Parliament constituency)|Shrewsbury]] in 1806 whilst their third son, The Hon John Astley Bennet, became a captain in the [[Royal Navy|Navy]] but died in September 1812. The 5th Earl, [[Charles Bennet, 5th Earl of Tankerville|Charles Augustus]], who was born on 28 April 1776 was [[treasurer of the household]] during the short administration of [[Charles James Fox|Mr Fox]] in 1806. Their daughter, Corisande Emma Bennett, married [[James Harris, 3rd Earl of Malmesbury]] on 13 April 1830.<ref name=edwed/>

==References==
((reflist))

((s-start))
((s-reg|gb))
((succession box
  | title = [[Earl of Tankerville]]
  | years = 1767–1822
  | before = [[Charles Bennet, 3rd Earl of Tankerville|Charles Bennet]]
  | after = [[Charles Bennet, 5th Earl of Tankerville|Charles Augustus Bennet]]
))
((s-end))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Tankerville, Charles Bennet, 4th Earl Of))
[[Category:Deputy Lieutenants of Northumberland]]
[[Category:Earls in the Peerage of Great Britain]]
[[Category:English cricketers]]
[[Category:English cricketers of 1701 to 1786]]
[[Category:Members of the Privy Council of Great Britain]]
[[Category:People educated at Eton College]]
[[Category:Surrey cricketers]]
[[Category:1743 births]]
[[Category:1822 deaths]]
[[Category:Hampshire cricketers]]
[[Category:United Kingdom Postmasters General]]
[[Category:Cricket patrons]]

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