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((Short description|British writer (1899–1971)))
((Use dmy dates|date=February 2020))
((EngvarB|date=February 2020))
((more citations needed|date=April 2024))
((Infobox writer
| image            =
| alt              = 
| caption          =
| birth_date       = 1 December 1899
| birth_place      = Wimbledon, London, England
| death_date       = ((Death date and age|df=y|1971|02|20|1899|12|01))
| death_place      = [[Barbados]]
| occupation       = Writer
| nationality      = 
| alma_mater       = [[St John's College, Oxford]]
| period           = 1920s – 1960s
| genre            = Journalist, travel writer and novelist
| subject          = <!-- or: | subjects = -->
| movement         = 
| notableworks     = <!-- or: | notablework = -->
| spouse           = | spouses = Margaret Leigh, Vivien Winch
| partner          = <!-- or: | partners = -->
| children         = 
| relatives        = [[Charles Graves (bishop)|Bishop Charles Graves]], [[Alfred Percival Graves|Alfred Graves]], [[Robert Graves]], [[Philip Graves]], [[Arnold Felix Graves|Arnold Graves]], [[Ida Margaret Graves Poore|Ida Poore]], [[Cecil Graves]], [[Robert Perceval Graves]], [[Ida Affleck Graves|Ida Graves]], [[John T. Graves|John Graves]], [[Tomás Graves]], [[Lucia Graves]], [[Ada J. Graves|Ada Graves]], [[Frances Gordon]]
| awards           = 
))
'''Charles Patrick Ranke Graves''' (1 December 1899 – 20 February 1971) was a British journalist, travel writer and novelist. He came from a large literary family. Among his nine siblings were the writers [[Robert Graves]] and [[Philip Graves]].

==Early life==
He was born at Red Branch House, [[Wimbledon, England|Wimbledon]], England, on 1 December 1899. His father was [[Alfred Perceval Graves]] (born in [[Dublin]], 22 July 1846) who worked in the [[Home Office]] before becoming a senior inspector of schools. Graves senior also wrote poems and ballads and was a noted [[folklore studies|folklorist]]. His second wife, and the mother of five of his children, including Charles, was Amalie (Amy) Elizabeth Sophie (or Sophia) von Ranke, the daughter of a professor of medicine at the University of Munich.<ref>Bernard, Sir Burke, editor, Burke's genealogical and heraldic history of the landed gentry of Ireland, 3rd ed. (London, U.K.: Burkes Peerage Ltd, 1912), page 275</ref>

Charles Graves attended [[Rokeby Preparatory School]]. He followed in his brother Robert's footsteps to Capthorne, and then, in 1913, to [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]].<ref>((cite book |last1=Graves |first1=Charles |title=The bad old days |date=1951 |publisher=Faber and Faber |location=London |pages=23 |edition=First))</ref> His part-German heritage caused problems at school and harassment from fellow students during [[World War I]].

He left Charterhouse in March 1918 and enlisted in the [[Royal Fusiliers]]. He was still undergoing officer training when the war came to an end.

He enrolled at [[St John's College, Oxford]] where he studied English. Always interested in sport, he became the captain of the golf team and played cricket and ice hockey.

He undertook additional instruction outside the university. In 1920, he became the first student to enroll in the [[London School of Journalism]], founded that year by [[Max Pemberton|Sir Max Pemberton]]. He became the assistant editor of the student magazine [[The Isis Magazine|''The Isis'']]. He later served as the editor, during which time its circulation increased from 1,200 to over 3,000.<ref>Graves, p.53</ref> He also became the Oxford correspondent for the ''[[Daily Express]]''.

==Journalism==

He started full-time work for the ''Daily Express'' in 1921. Later he worked for the [[Evening News (London)|''Evening News'']], ''[[Sunday Express]]'', ''[[Daily Mail]]'', ''[[The Graphic|Daily Graphic]]'', ''[[Sunday Chronicle]]'', ''[[Sunday Dispatch]]'' and many other newspapers, magazines and periodicals, often as a [[freelancer|freelance]] contributor. He was at various times a [[critic|theatre reviewer]], crime reporter, [[sports journalism|sports writer]], [[war correspondent]], [[travel literature|travel writer]] and [[gossip columnist]].

His work as a gossip columnist required regular attendance at theatre first nights, balls, parties, nightclubs, prize fights, race meetings and travel overseas to attend similar events in mainland Europe. He would often travel, at the expense of his newspaper, to [[Dinard]], [[La Baule-Escoublac]], [[Biarritz]], [[Cannes]], [[Deauville]], [[Le Touquet]], Venice and other resorts of the rich and famous in the 1920s and 1930s and write of who and what he saw and heard there. This brought him into contact with celebrities, politicians, sportsmen, royalty and business leaders, some of whom became friends. His literary friends included [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[P. G. Wodehouse]], [[Somerset Maugham]] and [[Rudyard Kipling]]. Some of them wrote introductions to his books.

[[Beatrice Lillie]], [[Gertrude Lawrence]], [[Owen Nares]], and [[Fred Astaire|Fred]] and [[Adele Astaire]] were some of his friends in show business. Other associates were cartoonist [[Tom Webster (cartoonist)|Tom Webster]], dancer [[Vernon and Irene Castle|Irene Castle]] and writer [[Michael Arlen]].

Among his [[Scoop (news)|scoops]] in journalism was to break the news that [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon]] had become engaged to the [[George VI|Duke of York]], the future King [[George VI]].<ref>Graves, p.70-1</ref>

He went to and reported on the dances and parties attended by the [[Bright young things]], a group of Bohemian young aristocrats and upper-class socialites in London in the 1920s, and he sometimes took part in their pranks.<ref>Graves, p.76</ref> He was a regular at [[Quaglino's]], the Embassy Club, Ciro's, the [[Cafe de Paris (London)|Café de Paris]], the Kit Kat, the Hambone Club and other nightclubs and restaurants, all of which was used in his reportage of [[Café Society]].<ref>Gordon, Jane, ''Married to Charles'' (1950), London, William Heinemann, p.7</ref>

When he became the news editor on the ''Sunday Express'' it brought him into more regular contact with senior newspapermen like [[Beverley Baxter]], [[Gomer Berry, 1st Viscount Kemsley|Lord Kemsley]], [[William Berry, 1st Viscount Camrose|Lord Camrose]] and [[Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook|Lord Beaverbrook]].

One of his side projects was to [[ghostwriter|ghost-write]] a memoir by Richard Speaight, society and court photographer, that was serialised in the ''Daily Express'' in 1926. This, and some of his other special projects, were [[print syndication|syndicated]] to newspapers in other English speaking countries.

He believed his social column should be all about entertainment. He seldom mentioned politics, even in the late 1930s when war was looming. Instead, he tried to distract readers with amusing stories about sporting events and other leisure activities.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200212020047/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/81c4/08198c681cafefc5fe9cdad5163ee402a06d.pdf Newman, Sarah (2013), “The Celebrity Gossip Column and Newspaper journalism in Britain, 1918–1939,” Linacre College, D. Phil, p.84]</ref>

A shortage of [[newsprint]] during the war saw newspapers shrink in size and gossip columns almost disappear. As the 1940s progressed he gradually turned from journalism to the writing of commissioned histories and travel books.

==Books==
He was a versatile writer and the author of 46 books, both non-fiction and fiction, on a variety of subjects. His literary agent was Raymond Savage.<ref>Gordon, p.46</ref> His publishers included Nicholson & Watson, [[Hutchinson (publisher)|Hutchinson & Co]] and [[Hodder & Stoughton]]. His working method was to compile extensive notes by hand and then dictate to a secretary who would take it down in shorthand and then type up the first draft.

Every summer after they married he and his wife would travel to the continent and hire a car and driver and tour popular resorts where they would stay at the best hotels. He would play golf during the day and they would visit high class restaurants and casinos at night. He was fascinated by high stakes gambling and wrote two books on the subject and often mentioned it in other books and articles. He did a certain amount of gambling himself and his wife hints at occasional financial difficulties in her memoir about their life together. Each of those holidays would result in a new travel book.

==Personal life==
He was briefly engaged to the socialite and actress [[Elvira Barney]]. When he broke off the engagement she turned up at his home at Chelsea with a loaded pistol.<ref>Graves, p.82-3</ref> In a much later incident she was tried for the murder of a man who was shot dead when she was living with him at the time.<ref>((cite journal |title=Arrest of Mrs Barney |journal=The Times |date=4 June 1932 |page=10))</ref>

[[File:Tony Ray-Jones - 102 Gloucester Place Marylebone London W1U 6HT.jpg|thumb|left|102 [[Gloucestor Place]], [[Marylebone]], London]]

On 17 December 1929 he married [[Margaret Graves|Margaret Ethel Leigh]] (1901–1962) a paediatric nurse.<ref>''The Times'', 18 December 1929, p.17</ref> Among their wedding guests were [[Stanley Baldwin]] and Rudyard Kipling. They had been a couple five years prior to the marriage during which time he persuaded her to try her hand at writing. She became a part-time journalist, writing under the pen-name Jane Gordon, and she later wrote a number of books. She was earning £500 from her writing and he £1,750 per annum when they married in 1929.<ref>Gordon, p.31</ref> The newly-weds moved into a large [[Regency architecture|Regency]] style terrace house at 70 (later 102) [[Gloucester Place]], London, where they employed four servants. Early in the marriage his wife realised he was careless with money and she took charge of their household finances.

Physically, he was tall (6’ 3") and thin and had brown hair. Socially, he was affable and gregarious. He enjoyed good food and drink and was a heavy smoker. His main hobbies were golf and [[gin rummy]]. He and his wife often dined out or went to nightclubs. They also did much entertaining at home. After dinner he liked to stay up late with their guests playing cards, poker, bridge, bezique, backgammon, chess "... any card game at reasonably high stakes. I have seen him lose quite a lot of money at snakes and ladders," said his wife.<ref>Gordon, p.3-4</ref>

During [[World War II]], the couple continued to live in London throughout [[The Blitz]]. He researched and wrote by day, and served in the [[Home Guard (United Kingdom)|Home Guard]] at night. His wife continued to work as a hospital nurse, the workload increased with casualties from the night-time bombing. On Sunday evening, 8 December 1940, as they were preparing for bed, an [[incendiary device|incendiary bomb]] struck their house and set fire to the roof. The same thing happened again during a major bombing raid on 10 May 1941.<ref>Gordon, p.172</ref>

He did wartime radio broadcasting for the [[BBC]]. As part of his research for the books he wrote about the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] he flew with one of their air-crews on a bombing raid over Germany. In February 1945 he and his wife accompanied a group of war correspondents across the channel and toured Belgium and the Netherlands shortly after the German occupation had ended.

His wife died in 1962 and, four years later, he married again. His second wife was Vivien Winch (1912–1975) who he married on 22 September 1966.<ref>''The Times'', 23 September 1966, p.14</ref> It was her third marriage. Both she and his first wife had aristocratic connections. The newly-weds initially lived in her house on the island of [[Guernsey]].<ref>''The Times'', 11 October 1967, p.9</ref> They had moved to the warmer waters of the Caribbean and the island of [[Barbados]] by April 1969.<ref>''The Times'', 8 April 1969, p.9</ref>

He was living on Barbados, in Villa Fustic, an 11-acre estate with a large 18th-century house owned and redesigned by his wife using the services of  [[Oliver Messel]] in the 1960s,<ref>((Cite web|title=Villa Fustic House 7 Bedroom SPECIAL OFFER - Located in Stunning St. Lucy ((!)) Barbados ((!)) Private Villa Rentals|url=https://www.privatevillarentals.com/carribean/barbados/villa-fustic-house-7-bedroom-special-offer|access-date=2020-12-23|website=www.privatevillarentals.com|language=en))</ref> when he died on 20 February 1971. A memorial service was held in London at [[St Bride's Church|St Bride's, Fleet Street]], on 17 March. It was attended by his widow, relatives, friends as well as representatives of the [[DMG Media|Associated Newspapers Group]], the National Advertising Corporation, [[London Press Club|The Press Club]] and the [[British Guild of Travel Writers]].<ref>''The Daily Telegraph'', 19 March 1971, p.14</ref>

Some of his personal papers were sold at an auction of books, manuscripts and letters in 1976.<ref>''The Daily Telegraph'', 14 October 1976, p.16</ref> These included correspondence from [[Bing Crosby]] and [[Marlene Dietrich]].<ref>''The Financial Times'', 14 October 1976, p.2</ref>

==Legacy==
Graves was one of those who chronicled and defined [[high society (social class)|high society]] in London in the 1920s and 1930s. His institutional histories continue to be a source of information for the organisations concerned. He was also a prolific travel writer who helped to popularise international travel as a desirable leisure time activity. His writing on that subject saw him described in ''The Times'' as, "The Laureate of the pleasure resorts."<ref>Gordon, p.1</ref>

His ability as a writer was assessed after his death by the literary editor of ''The Daily Telegraph''. David Holloway,
((quotation|As a writer Charles Graves was always under the shadow of his elder brother Robert, though, for most of his life, of the two he probably earned more by his pen. He had a liveley style and could turn out books on a large number of subjects ... he turned his travel journalism and gossipy articles into a series of books where usually the guide book information was interspersed with anecdotes of high life.<ref>''The Daily Telegraph'', 22 February 1971, p.8</ref>))

==Bibliography==
Graves wrote numerous travel books:
*''And the Greeks'' (1930)
*''Panorama'' (1932)
*''Gone abroard'' (1932)
*''Gone abroad again'' (1933)
*''The Riviera revisited'' (1935)
*''Trip-tyque'' (1936) travel in Spain
*''Deauville taxi'' (1937) travel in France
*''Swiss Summer'' (1938)
*''You’re Welcome'' (1938) about America
*''War over Peace'' (1940) about continental holiday resorts
*''Holidays here'' (1946)
*''Switzerland revisited'' (1947)
*''Ireland revisited'' (1949)
*''Italy revisited'' (1950)
*''The Riviera revisited'' (1950)
*''The Azure coast; the fabulous French Riviera, old and new'' (1957)
*''Royal Riviera'' (1957)
*''Fourteen islands in the sun'' (1965) about the Caribbean
*''The rich man's guide to Europe'' (1966)
*''Enjoy life longer'' (1970) about European spas
During [[World War II]] he wrote a number of "real life novels" about servicemen and wartime organisations:
*''The Thin Blue Line; a true-life novel of the RAF as it is today'' (1941) film-rights sold but no film was made
*''The Avengers''
*''Seven Pilots'' (1943)
*''Five survive'' (1944)
*''The Black Beret'' (1944) about a soldier in the Royal Armored Corps
*''Dusk to dawn'' (1946)
*''The thin red lines'' (1946) about allied lines of communication during the war
He was also commissioned to write a number of non-fiction books:
*''Life line'' (1941) about daily naval operations off the British coast
*''Off the record'' (1942) a war diary
*''The Home Guard of Britain'' (1943)
*''Drive for freedom; how Britain equipped her fighting services ...'' (1945)
*''London Transport carried on; an account of London Transport at war, 1939–1945'' (1947)
*''The story of St Thomas's 1106–1947'' (1947)
*''Women in green; the story of the W.V.S'' (1948)
*''The big gamble; the story of Monte Carlo'' (1950) 
*''The Royal Ulster Rifles, Vol.3'' (1951)
*''The Cochran story'' (1951) a biography of [[Charles B. Cochran]]
*''Champagne and chandeliers; the story of the Café de Paris'' (1958)
*''Palace extraordinary; the Story of St James'' (1963) 
Some of his other books include the following:
*''The price of pleasure'' (1935) a collection of his articles
*''Candid caddies'' 1935) golfing stories
*''Other people's money'' 1937)
*''Cigars and the man'' (1939)
*''Londoner's life'' (1942)
*''The bad old days'' (1951) autobiography
*''Leather Armchairs; the Chivas Regal book of London clubs'' (1963)
*''None but the rich:the story of the Greek syndicate'' (1963)
*''The legend of Linda Martel'' (1968) about faith-healing
*''Invasion by virus; can it happen again?'' (1969) about the 1918-18 global flu pandemic
*''Collected poems'' (1972)

==References==
((reflist))

==External links==
*((NPG name))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100701191603/http://www.ballylickeymanorhouse.com/history/ History of the Graves family]
* [http://www.cgoakley.org/efa/1846APG.html Genealogy of Alfred Perceval Graves]

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Graves, Charles))
[[Category:Alumni of St John's College, Oxford]]
[[Category:Alumni of the London School of Journalism]]
[[Category:People educated at Copthorne Preparatory School]]
[[Category:1899 births]]
[[Category:1971 deaths]]
[[Category:Military personnel from London]]
[[Category:English male novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century English novelists]]
[[Category:20th-century English male writers]]
[[Category:English columnists]]
[[Category:English war correspondents]]
[[Category:English journalists]]
[[Category:English sports journalists]]
[[Category:1920s in London]]
[[Category:1930s in London]]
[[Category:Daily Mail journalists]]
[[Category:English travel writers]]
[[Category:British gambling writers]]
[[Category:English military writers]]
[[Category:People educated at Charterhouse School]]
[[Category:English reporters and correspondents]]
[[Category:Graves family]]
[[Category:Writers from Wimbledon, London]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War I]]
[[Category:Royal Fusiliers soldiers]]

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