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((Short description|British philanthropist and politician))
((Use dmy dates|date=November 2016))
((Inline|date=March 2023))
((Use British English|date=November 2016))
((Infobox officeholder
| image = Charles_Roden_Buxton.jpg
| constituency_MP = Elland
| term_start = 30 May 1929
| term_end = 7 October 1931
| predecessor = [[William C. Robinson (politician)|William C. Robinson]]
| successor = [[Thomas Levy]]
| constituency_MP1 = Accrington
| term_start1 = 15 November 1922
| term_end1 = 16 November 1923
| predecessor1 = [[Ernest Gray]]
| successor1 = [[J. Hugh Edwards]]
| constituency_MP2 = Ashburton
| term_start2 = January 1910
| term_end2 = December 1910
| predecessor2 = [[Ernest Morrison-Bell]]
| successor2 = Ernest Morrison-Bell
| birth_date = ((birth date|1875|11|27|df=y))
| birth_place = [[London]], [[England]]
| death_date = ((death date and age|1942|12|16|1875|11|27|df=y))
| death_place = [[Peaslake]], [[Surrey]], England
| party = ((party shortname linked|Independent Labour Party)) (from 1917)
| otherparty = ((party shortname linked|Liberal Party (UK))) (until 1917)
| spouses = ((marriage|[[Dorothy Buxton|Dorothy Frances Jebb]]|1904))
| children = 2
))
'''Charles Roden Buxton''' (27 November 1875 – 16 December 1942) was an [[England|English]] philanthropist and radical British [[Liberal Party (UK)|Liberal Party]] politician who later joined the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]]. He survived an assassination attempt during a mission to the Balkans in 1914.

==Early life==
((Unsourced|section|date=January 2023))
He was born in London, the third son of [[Sir Thomas Buxton, 3rd Baronet]]. His elder brother [[Noel Noel-Buxton, 1st Baron Noel-Buxton|Noel Buxton]] was a prominent figure in British politics, as was his cousin [[Sydney Buxton, 1st Earl Buxton|Sidney Buxton]].

He grew up on the family estate in Essex and was educated at [[Harrow School|Harrow]] and [[Trinity College, Cambridge]], taking a first in Classics and becoming president of the [[Cambridge Union]].<ref>((acad|id=BKSN894CR|name=Buxton, Charles Roden))</ref> After leaving university he travelled to [[South Australia]], where his father was [[Governors of South Australia|Governor]], as well as other locations in France, the Far East, India and America.

He took up law and was called to the bar in 1902. He gave lectures at [[Morley College]] and was principal there from 1902 to 1910. He wrote articles on various subjects and edited the ''Albany Review'' from 1906 to 1908.

In 1904 he married [[Dorothy Buxton|Dorothy Frances Jebb]]. The Jebbs, apart from being a well-off family, also had a strong social conscience and commitment to public service; her mother, [[Eglantyne Louisa Jebb]], had founded the [[Home Arts and Industries Association]], to promote Arts and Crafts among young people in rural areas, her sister Louisa would help found the [[Women's Land Army]] in [[World War I]], and Dorothy and her sister [[Eglantyne Jebb]] co-founded the international charity and movement [[Save the Children]].

The Buxtons lived a frugal lifestyle - on their walking tours in the south of England, they were sometimes mistaken for tramps - and moved to [[Kennington]], a working class area of London. They had two children and later moved to the more affluent area of [[Golders Green]].

==Political career==
((Moresources|section|date=January 2023))
He stood as a Liberal candidate in [[Hertford (UK Parliament constituency)|Hertford]] in 1906 and [[Ashburton (UK Parliament constituency)|Ashburton]] in 1908. Eventually he was elected as a [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] in [[Ashburton (UK Parliament constituency)|Ashburton]] in 1910 but lost his seat in the second election of that year. In 1914 he, along with his brother Noel, was his way to [[Bulgaria]]. They had stopped in  [[Bucharest]], [[Romania]] in October 1914. While there,  an assassination attempt was made on them, by [[Turkey|Turkish]] activist, [[Hasan Tahsin]]. He was shot through the lung, but survived. His brother also was wounded in the jaw. Tashsin was captured and sent to prison for five years.<ref name="Balkan problems">((Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8xTTAAAAMAAJ&q=Europe%2520and%2520the%2520Turks%2520Noel%2520Buxton&pg=PA75 |title=Balkan Problems and European Peace |last1=Noel-Buxton |first1=Noel Noel-Buxton Baron |last2=Leese |first2=Charles Leonard |date=1919 |publisher=G. Allen & Unwin |language=en))</ref>((rp|74–75))

[[File:Boulevard Brothers Buxton in Sofia, Bulgaria.JPG|thumb|A view of [[Vitosha Mountain|Vitosha]] from the boulevard named after the brothers Noel & Charles Buxton in [[Sofia, Bulgaria|Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]] (((coord|42|39.943|N|23|16.521|E|region:BG_type:landmark)))]]
During the [[First World War]], he was one of the minority arguing for a negotiated peace and was a founder member of the [[Union of Democratic Control]]. 

In 1917, he left the Liberal Party and joined the [[Independent Labour Party]]. As secretary to the Labour Party's delegation to the [[Soviet Union]] in 1920, he was very impressed by what he saw, and wrote a book about it, ''In A Russian Village'' (1922).<ref>((Cite book |last=Buxton|first= Charles Roden |year=1922 |title=In A Russian Village |publisher=The Labour Publishing Company |place=London |edition= 1 |url=https://archive.org/stream/inrussianvillage00buxtrich#page/n5/mode/2up|access-date=29 June 2016 |via= Internet Archive))</ref> 

1918 he contested [[Accrington (UK Parliament constituency)|Accrington]] for the Labour Party and lost, won the seat in 1922, and lost again in 1923. He won the seat of [[Elland (UK Parliament constituency)|Elland]] in 1929, but was defeated in 1931 and 1935.((cn|date=January 2023))

Buxton was always much more effective behind the scenes, acting as policy advisor on foreign and colonial issues to the Labour Party. He showed particular interest in the rights of indigenous people of Africa, and travelled widely in the continent.((cn|date=January 2023))

Another of his interests was [[Esperanto]], becoming president of the international society of Quaker Esperantists.<ref>[http://www.eventoj.hu/steb/gxenerala_naturscienco/enciklopedio-1/encikl-b.htm ''Enciklopedio de Esperanto''], 1933.</ref>

With Dorothy, he became a member of the [[Society of Friends]]. They were eager campaigners for peace, and were critical of what they perceived as the unfairness to Germany of the [[treaty of Versailles]]. 
Shortly before the outbreak of World War II they still argued that peace could be attained by responding to German grievances. The outbreak of war was a great disappointment to them both.((cn|date=January 2023))

==Last years and death==
((Unsourced|section|date=January 2023))
Charles retired from politics in 1939 and lived in his daughter's house in [[Peaslake]], Surrey, where he died and was buried in 1942. Although he had two children, he left most of his estate to charity.

==See also==
* [[List of peace activists]]

== Notes ==
((reflist))

==References==
* ((ODNBweb|id=74568|title= Buxton, Charles Roden|last=Griffiths|first=C. V. J.))
* V. A. B. De Bunsen, ''Charles Roden Buxton: a memoir'' (1948)
* ''[[The Times]]'', obituary of Charles Roden Buxton, 17 December 1942

== External links ==
* ((Hansard-contribs | mr-charles-buxton-1 | Charles Roden Buxton ))
*[http://archives.lse.ac.uk/TreeBrowse.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&field=RefNo&key=BUXTON Buxton papers at London School of Economics (LSE) Archives]
((s-start))
((s-par|uk))
((succession box
  | title  = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Ashburton (UK Parliament constituency)|Ashburton]]
  | years  = [[January 1910 United Kingdom general election|January]]–[[December 1910 United Kingdom general election|December 1910]]
  | before = [[Ernest Morrison-Bell]]
  | after  = [[Ernest Morrison-Bell]]
))
((succession box
  | title  = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Accrington (UK Parliament constituency)|Accrington]]
  | years  = [[1922 United Kingdom general election|1922]]–[[1923 United Kingdom general election|1923]]
  | before = [[Ernest Gray]]
  | after  = [[J. Hugh Edwards]]
))
((succession box
  | title  = [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] for [[Elland (UK Parliament constituency)|Elland]]
  | years  = [[1929 United Kingdom general election|1929]]–[[1931 United Kingdom general election|1931]]
  | before = [[William C. Robinson (politician)|William C. Robinson]]
  | after  = [[Thomas Levy]]
))
((s-ppo))
((succession box
  | title  = Treasurer of the [[Independent Labour Party]]
  | years  = 1924–1927
  | before = [[George Benson (British politician)|George Benson]]
  | after  = [[Fred Jowett]]
))
((s-end))

((Independent Labour Party))

((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Buxton, Charles Roden))
[[Category:Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Independent Labour Party MPs]]
[[Category:Independent Labour Party National Administrative Committee members]]
[[Category:Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies]]
[[Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge]]
[[Category:Presidents of the Cambridge Union]]
[[Category:People educated at Harrow School]]
[[Category:English Quakers]]
[[Category:1875 births]]
[[Category:1942 deaths]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1910]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1922–1923]]
[[Category:UK MPs 1929–1931]]
[[Category:English Esperantists]]
[[Category:Younger sons of baronets]]
[[Category:Buxton family|Charles]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Ashburton]]
[[Category:Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Lancashire]]

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