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((short description|Inflammation of the lung caused by aspirating or inhaling irritants))
((Refimprove|date=October 2009))
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'''Chemical pneumonitis''' is inflammation of the lung caused by aspirating or inhaling irritants.<ref>((cite journal|last=Marik|first=PE|title=Pulmonary aspiration syndromes.|journal=Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine|date=May 2011|volume=17|issue=3|pages=148–54|pmid=21311332|doi=10.1097/MCP.0b013e32834397d6|s2cid=31735383))</ref> It is sometimes called a "chemical [[pneumonia]]", though it is not infectious. There are two general types of chemical pneumonitis: acute and chronic.

Irritants capable of causing chemical pneumonitis include [[vomitus]],<ref name=NIH>Stitham, Sean et al. [https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000143.htm "Chemical Pneumonitis: Medline Plus Medical Encyclopedia"], [[Medline Plus]], 2008-8-29. Retrieved on 2009-10-06.</ref> [[barium]] used in gastro-intestinal imaging, [[chlorine]] gas (among other [[pulmonary agent]]s),<ref name="NIH" /> ingested [[gasoline]]<ref name="NIH"/> or other [[Fractional distillation|petroleum distillate]]s, ingested or skin absorbed [[pesticide]]s,<ref name=NIH/> gases from [[electroplating]],<ref name=NIH/> smoke<ref name=NIH/> and others. It may also be caused by the use of [[inhalants]].
[[Mendelson's syndrome]] is a type of chemical pneumonitis.

Mineral oil should not be given internally to young children, pets, or anyone with a cough, [[hiatal hernia]], or nocturnal reflux, because it can cause complications such as [[Lipid pneumonia|lipoid pneumonia]].<ref>[http://www.personalmd.com/news/a1998122802.shtml "Call For Change To Mineral Oil Label"] ((webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012221148/http://www.personalmd.com/news/a1998122802.shtml |date=October 12, 2007 )) PersonalMD, 1998-12-28. Retrieved on 2009-10-06</ref>  Due to its low density, it is easily aspirated into the lungs, where it cannot be removed by the body. In children, if aspirated, the oil can work to prevent normal breathing, resulting in death of brain cells and permanent paralysis and/or [[brain damage]].

==Signs and symptoms==
Acute:
* Cough<ref name=NIH/>
* Difficulty Breathing<ref name=pdrhealth>[http://www.pdrhealth.com/disease/disease-mono.aspx?contentFileName=ND0411G.xml&contentName=Chemical+Pneumonitis&contentId=345&TypeId=2 "Chemical Pneumonitis: Causes, Symptoms"] PDRHealth. Retrieved on 2009-10-06</ref>
* Abnormal lung sounds (wet or gurgling sounds when breathing)<ref name=NIH/>
* Chest pain, tightness or burning sensation<ref name=pdrhealth/>

Chronic:
* Persistent cough<ref name=pdrhealth/>
* Shortness of breath<ref name=NIH/>
* Increased susceptibility to respiratory illness<ref name=pdrhealth/>
Symptoms of chronic chemical pneumonitis may or may not be present, and can take months or years to develop to the point of noticeability.<ref name=pdrhealth/>

==Diagnosis==
The pragmatic challenge is to distinguish from aspiration pneumonia with an infectious component because the former does not require antibiotics while the latter does.  While some issues, such as a recent history of exposure to substantive toxins, can foretell the diagnosis, for a patient with dysphagia the diagnosis may be less obvious, as the dysphagic patient may have caustic gastric contents damaging the lungs which may or may not have progressed to bacterial infection. 
<ref>((cite journal|last=Taylor|first=G|title=Acid Pulmonary Aspiration Syndrome After Antacids|journal=British Journal of Anaesthesiology |date= 1975|volume=47|issue=5|pages=615–617|doi=10.1093/bja/47.5.615|pmid=237522|doi-access=free))</ref> 

The following tests help determine how severely the lungs are affected:

* Blood gases (measurement of how much oxygen and carbon dioxide are in your blood)
* CT scan of chest
* Lung function studies (tests to measure breathing and how well the lungs are functioning)
* X-ray of the chest
* Swallowing studies to check if stomach acid is the cause of pneumonitis

==Treatment==
Treatment is focused on reversing the cause of inflammation and reducing symptoms. Corticosteroids may be given to reduce inflammation, often before long-term scarring occurs.  Antibiotics are usually not helpful or needed, unless there is a secondary infection. Oxygen therapy may be helpful.

==References==
((Reflist))
== External links ==
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((Respiratory pathology))

((DEFAULTSORT:Chemical Pneumonitis))
[[Category:Respiratory diseases]]

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