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((Short description|Chinese peasant woman and rebel leader who declared herself Empress Regnant))
((More citations needed|date=April 2022))
((family name hatnote|[[Chen (surname)|Chen]]|lang=Chinese))
((Infobox royalty|name=Empress Wenjia<br /> ((linktext|文|佳|皇|帝))
|caption=
| succession = [[Empress of China|Empress regnant of China]]
| moretext = (<small>[[Self-proclaimed monarchy|self-proclaimed]]</small>)
| reign= September – November 653
| reg-type = [[Prime Minister]]
| regent = Zhang Shuzeng
| predecessor = [[Empress Wang (Gaozong)|Empress Wang]] (as [[List of Chinese imperial consorts#Tang dynasty|Empress consort of the Tang dynasty]]) <br> [[Emperor Gaozong of Tang|Emperor Gaozong]] (as [[List of emperors of the Tang dynasty|Emperor of the Tang dynasty]])
| successor = [[Empress Wang (Gaozong)|Empress Wang]] (as [[List of Chinese imperial consorts#Tang dynasty|Empress consort of the Tang dynasty]]) <br> [[Emperor Gaozong of Tang|Emperor Gaozong]] (as [[List of emperors of the Tang dynasty|Emperor of the Tang dynasty]]) <br /> [[Wu Zetian]] (as [[List of Chinese monarchs#Wu Zhou (武周) (690–705 AD)|Empress regnant of the Zhou Dynasty]])
|birth_date=7th-century
|birth_place=
|death_date=November 653
|death_place=
|full name='''[[Family name]]:''' Chen (((lang|zh|((linktext|陳))))) <br/> '''[[Given name]]:''' Shuozhen (((lang|zh|碩真)))
|era name=
|era dates=
|occupation=Rebel leader
|regnal name=Empress Wenjia (文佳皇帝)
))
'''Chen Shuozhen''' (((zh|t=陳碩真|p=Chén Shuòzhēn)); died 653) was a [[Tang dynasty]] woman from Muzhou (in modern [[Chun'an County|Chun'an]], [[Zhejiang]]), who led a peasant uprising in 653.<ref name="Empress Wu the Great: Tang dynasty China - X L Woo -">((cite book |last=Woo |first=X L |title=Empress Wu the Great: Tang dynasty China |year=2008 |publisher=Algora Publishing |isbn=978-0-87586-660-4 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5gMKS6PsFaIC&pg=PA136|page=136))</ref>  During the rebellion, she declared herself '''Empress Wenjia''' (文佳皇帝),<ref>''[[Zizhi Tongjian]]'', [[:zh:s:資治通鑑/卷199|vol. 199]].</ref> becoming the first female rebel leader in Chinese history to assume the title of [[Emperor of China|''Huangdi'']] ("emperor", but appropriately translated as "empress regnant" for women). Shuozhen rang bells and burnt incense as she marched to war. She was said to have magic powers, and her people said she was a deity.

== Biography ==
Chen Shuozhen was born from a humble and slave background. She was the sister-in-law of Zhang Shuzeng. In the early years of Tang Gaozong, the Zhejiang area, it went through successive periods of famine. The peasants were living in precarious conditions, due to hunger and also the oppression of the nobles. Because of this, there was an increasing discontent with the feudal lords and the Empire. Chen Shuozhen appears since then, she sympathized with the victims of the famine, robbing the aristocrats to help the people.

In 653 AD, less than four years after the death of [[Emperor Taizong of Tang|Emperor Taizong]], a large-scale peasant uprising occurred in [[Zhejiang]] during the fourth year of [[Emperor Gaozong of Tang|Tang Gaozong]]'s [[Yonghui]] era. Chen Shuozhen was the leader of this rebellion, she claimed to return to the world from heaven. She gathered a large number of believers with enchanting people. In early 653, she started her own army and claimed to be "Emperor Wenjia"; and appointed her brother-in-law (Zhang Shuzeng) as her prime minister. 

Emperor Wenjia led two thousand people to capture [[Chenzhou]] and Yuqian County, she also attacked [[Zhangzhou]] but failed. After several battles the whole army was wiped out. She was also killed in November of that year, and tens of thousands of people surrendered.

Emperor Wenjia's reign lasted only two months, with the last of her 14,000 troops surrendering in late 653. Her story survives though as she's said to have inspired [[Fang La]]'s uprising at the end of the Northern [[Song dynasty]] and remains prominent in  [[Zhejiang]] folklore.

Historian [[Jian Bozan]] (翦伯赞) recognized Chen Shuozhen as the first empress-regnant in Chinese history.<ref>((Cite book |author=馮敏飛 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q1RqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA355 |title=危世圖存 : 中國歷史上的15次中興 |date=2016-01-01 |publisher=新華出版社 |isbn=978-7-5166-2761-7 |pages=355 |language=zh|quote=翦伯赞称陈硕真是中国历史上第一位女皇帝。))</ref>

== References ==
((Reflist))

((DEFAULTSORT:Chen, Shuozhen))
[[Category:653 deaths]]
[[Category:7th-century executions by the Tang dynasty]]
[[Category:People from Hangzhou]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Generals from Zhejiang]]
[[Category:Tang dynasty rebels]]
[[Category:7th-century Chinese monarchs]]
[[Category:Women in war in China]]
[[Category:Women in medieval warfare]]
[[Category:Chinese female military personnel]]
[[Category:7th-century empresses regnant]]
[[Category:Self-proclaimed monarchy]]
[[Category:Chinese empresses regnant]]


((China-royal-stub))

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