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((Short description|Funicolar in Naples))
((more citations needed|date=April 2017))
((Infobox rail line
 | box_width     =
 | name          = Chiaia Funicular
 | native_name = Funicolare di Chiaia 
 | native_name_lang = it
 | color         =
 | logo          =
 | logo_width    =
 | logo_alt      =
 | image         = Stazione superiore funicolare chiaia100 1942.jpg
 | image_alt     = 
 | caption       = ''Via Cimarosa'' station
 | type          = [[Funicular]]
 | system        =
 | status        = in use((cite needed|date=December 2023))
 | locale        = [[Naples]], Italy
 | start         =
 | end           =
 | stations      = 4
 | routes        =
 | daily_ridership = 
 | ridership2    =
 | open          = ((Start date|1889))
 | close         =
 | owner         =
 | operator      = ((unbulleted list|1975–95: ATAN|1995–2001: [[ANM (Naples)|ANM]]|2001–13: [[Metronapoli]]|2013 to date: ANM))
 | character     =
 | depot         =
 | stock         =
 | linelength_km = 0.5
 | tracklength_km= 
 | tracklength_mi= 
 | tracklength   = 
 | tracks        = 
 | gauge         = ((track gauge|1435mm))
 | old_gauge     =
 | load_gauge    = 
 | minradius     =
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 | routenumber   =
 | linenumber    =
 | electrification =
 | speed_km/h    =
 | speed_mph     =
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 ((Routemap
|title = Chiaia  Funicular
|title-bg = #003399
|inline = 1
|legend = no
|text-width=60
|map=
KBHFa\SUBWAY-CHN~~ ~~Cimarosa ~~ ~~ [[Vanvitelli (Naples Metro)|(Vanvitelli, Line 1)]]
tSTRa\
tBHF\~~ ~~Palazzolo~~Parco Marcolini
tPSL\
tBHF\~~ ~~Corso Vittorio Emanuele
tSTRe\
KBHFe\TRAIN2~~ ~~Parco Margherita~~  ~~ [[Napoli Piazza Amedeo railway station|(Piazza Amedeo, Line 2)]]
))
 | map_state     = show
))
The '''Chiaia Funicular''' ([[Italian language|Italian]]: ''Funicolare di Chiaia'') is one of four [[funicular]]s in the [[public transport]]ion system of [[Naples]], Italy. Each system is a true funicular: an inclined railway with two passenger cars connected via cables, operating in concert.  

Opened in 1889, the Chiaia Funicular is one of the oldest funicular railways in the world, and carries over half a million passengers per year.<ref name=itemid100>((cite web| url=http://www.metro.na.it/metro/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=82&Itemid=100| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722043544/http://www.metro.na.it/metro/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=82&Itemid=100| archivedate=22 July 2011| title=Funicolare Chiaia| language=it| website=Metro Napoli))</ref>

The line connects its upper terminus in [[Vomero]] to its lower terminus in [[Chiaia]] via four stations: Cimarosa Station, Palazzolo Station, Corso Vittorio Emanuele Station, and Regina Magherita Station. It primarily connects Piazza Vanvitelli, at the top of [[Vomero]] Hill, to Rione Amadeo. 

The line connects with [[Line 1 (Naples metro)|Line 1]] of the [[Naples Metro]] and the [[Central Funicular]] at Via Cimarosa, and with [[Line 2 (Naples)|Line 2]] at Via Regina Margherita. 

At Cimarosa the Chiaia is connected by an underground tunnel to both [[Vanvitelli (Naples Metro)|Vanvitelli station]], on [[Line 1 (Naples metro)|Line 1]] of the [[Naples Metro]], and to the [[Central Funicular]]. 

The [[Montesanto Funicular]] is a short walk to the northeast. A fourth funicular, the [[Mergellina Funicular]], connects Posillipo Alto with the city's Mergellina area.  A now defunct system, the [[Sorrento funicular|Sorrento Funicular]], operated nearby from 1883-1886.
[[File:Four_Funiculars_of_Naples.jpg|thumb|right|400px|The four operating funicular systems of Naples, Italy]]

At the Chiaia Funicular, the exterior of the upper station features a latin quote (in two parts, on either side of the building, in gold lettering on a maroon band, in the upper [[frieze]]): "Time by itself does not exist; but from things themselves there results a sense of what has already taken place, what is now taking place and what will take place. It must not be claimed that anyone can sense time by itself, apart from the movement of things."  (''IL TEMPO'', Roman poet, [[Lucretius]], De rerum natura (On the Nature of Things), Book I, 459).

==History==
[[File:Napoli, Funicolare di Chiaia 3.jpg|thumb| Chiaia Funicular in the late 19th century]]
In the second half of the 19th century, the [[Vomero]] hill area to the northwest of [[Naples]] began to expand as a new residential area. Because of the steep incline of the hill it was difficult to access though. As a result, construction soon began on both the Chiaia and [[Montesanto Funicular]] cable railways. A local engineering firm, Le Officine Nazionali di Savigliano was granted the tender for all engineering, electric and mechanical work on the line. Nearly 300 metres shorter than the Montesanto incline, the Chiaia Funicular was the first to be completed, opening to the public on 15 October 1889.

For the first eleven years of operation, the Chiaia funicular was powered by [[Escher Wyss & Cie.|Escher Wyss]] steam engines, but in 1900 the line became electrified. The new twin-electric engines, provided by Brown Boveri & Co, gave 135 horsepower each, and greatly improved efficiency.<ref name=itemid100 /> In 1914 the original cars were replaced after 25 years of service, and two years later, in 1916, a third station, [[Palazzolo Station (Naples metro)|Palazzolo]] was inaugurated on the line. Until 1926 it only operated three stops, with the opening of [[Palazzolo Station (Naples metro)|Palazzolo Station]] (Parco Marcolini), delayed due to difficulty in accessing the area in which its construction was planned. OTIS elevators were included in its design to improve access to the platform at this station.

With the fourth planned station finally fully operational by 1926, the line had finally been completed as planned, 37 years after it had first opened. The opening of Palazzolo Station was the last change to the line for the next fifty years. The Chiaia line was not affected by either of the [[world wars]], and continued to operate throughout both conflicts. In 1975 Azienda Tranvie Autofilovie Napoletane (ATAN - Neapolitan Light Rail Company) replaced the Società Ferrovie del Vomero (Vomero Train Society) as the operator of the line. Having reviewed its condition, in 1976 the entire line was overhauled and upgraded. A major modernisation programmed was begun, with Giustino Costruzioni given responsibility for the engineering works, Officine Mecchaniche Agudio carrying out electronic and mechanical work, Lovisolo constructing brand new cars, B.M.B. installing new modern electrical controls, and Fitre (later replaced by Holtz) undertaking transmission and safety work.<ref name=itemid100 />

The refurbished Chiaia Funicular reopened to the public on 22 September 1977, although accusations of inadequate engineering works were levelled at the contractors, and these problems were not finally rectified until 2004.((Citation needed|date=October 2011)) In 1995 the line's operator, ATAN, was rebranded as [[ANM (Naples)|Azienda Napoletana Mobilità]] (ANM - Neapolitan Mobility Agency), and in 1998, further works were carried out to again modernise the line. In February 2001 ANM was replaced by [[Metronapoli]] as the new operator of the line. By 2003 the latest upgrade works had been completed and that work saw the line completely restored and brought up to adequate European safety standards. It also resulted in all of the stations being redone in [[Art Nouveau]] style, restoring the line to its former splendor. ANM took over Metronapoli in November 2013, thereby again becoming the Chiaia Funicular's operator.

==Operation==
The Chiaia Funicular carries over half a million passengers annually, with an average of 15,000 passengers on workdays, but this is reduced to an average of 5,000 on weekends and holidays. From the top to bottom the line is ((convert|536|m|ft|0)) long, and ascends ((convert|161|m|ft|0)) in [[altitude]], at an average [[grade (slope)|gradient]] of 29%. The carriages travel at an average speed of ((convert|7.5|m/s|ft/s|1)), and the entire route takes three minutes, and eight seconds. Each train can carry 300 passengers at a time, giving a total capacity of 9,500 passengers per hour in each direction, although this capacity is never reached.<ref name=itemid100 />

==Stations==
{| border=0 style="font-size:90%; text-align:left;"
|- 
| width=50% valign=top |
*[[Cimarosa Station (Naples metro)|Cimarosa Station]]
*[[Palazzolo Station (Naples metro)|Palazzolo Station]]
*[[Corso Vittorio Emanuele Station (Naples metro)|Corso Vittorio Emanuele Station]]
*[[Regina Magherita Station (Naples metro)|Regina Margherita Station]]
|}

==See also==
* [[List of funicular railways]]
* [[List of Naples metro stations]]
* [[List of rapid transit systems]]

==Notes==
((reflist))

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090418040201/http://www.metro.na.it/ Official site of the Metropolitana di Naples] ((in lang|it))
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090324062250/http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/nap/napoli.htm Urbanrail.net Naples rail website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090330072353/http://www.stazionidelmondo.it/ Railways and metro station of Naples] ((in lang|it))

((coord|40.8404|14.2332|type:landmark_region:IT|display=title))

((Urban rail transport in Naples))

[[Category:Transport in Naples]]
[[Category:Railway lines in Campania]]
[[Category:Funicular railways in Italy|Naples]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1889]]
[[Category:Standard gauge railways in Italy]]
[[Category:Art Nouveau architecture in Italy]]
[[Category:Art Nouveau railway stations]]

[[ja:ナポリ地下鉄1号線]]

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