Chicago Rockford International Airport (IATA: RFD, ICAO: KRFD, FAALID: RFD), typically referred to as Rockford International Airport, Chicago Rockford, or by its IATA call letters, RFD, is a commercial airport in Rockford, Illinois, located 68 miles (109 kilometers) northwest of Chicago.[4][5] Established in 1946, the airport was built on the grounds of the former Camp Grant facility, which served as one of the largest training facilities for the U.S. Army during both World Wars. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2023–2027 categorized it as a non-hub primary commercial service facility.[6]
As an alternative location for leisure-oriented travelers, the airport currently receives passenger service through Allegiant Air, which flies to six year-round destinations. The third-busiest Chicago airport in Illinois, the Rockford Airport served 103,000 passengers in 2021.[7]
RFD is among the fastest-growing cargo airports in the world. The Airport specializes in cargo operations; processing over 3.4 billionpounds (1.5 million tonnes) of cargo, the airport is the 14th-busiest cargo airport in the United States.[8]UPS Airlines operates a major hub at the airport. The airport is also served by Amazon Air. In the 2020s, cargo operations underwent further expansions, attracting cargo flights from Germany and China.[9]
History
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Founding during World War II
RFD traces its history to 1917, when Camp Grant was established by the U.S. Army as one of the largest military training facilities in the United States. At the end of 1923, the Army closed Camp Grant as an active facility, transferring it to the Illinois National Guard. In 1941, the facility was reactivated by the Army. During World War II, Camp Grant served as one of the largest Army induction and training centers in the United States, training medical personnel, and serving as a prisoner of war confinement center. Following the end of the war, the facility served as a separation center. In 1946, Camp Grant was shut down for the second (and final) time.
After World War II, Illinois adopted the Airport Authority Act; the Greater Rockford Airport Authority was created in 1946.[10] In 1948, the Camp Grant land was officially transferred to the airport authority from the federal government. Of the 5,460 acres (plus a 6,000 acre rifle range) of Camp Grant, the airport authority acquired the western 1,500 acres of the facility,[10] bordered by the Rock River to the north and the Kishwaukee River to the south. In 1954, construction commenced on the airport and terminal.[10]
Transition to civilian use
The airport demolished the final remaining Camp Grant buildings on the airport property in 1974.[10] In an effort to expand passenger airline service, the current passenger terminal was built in 1987. United Parcel Service opened the first of two cargo facilities at the airport in 1994. While its centralized location in northern Illinois was a selling point for cargo service, scheduled passenger airline service struggled, ending in 2001.
Historical airline service
In the 1980s and 1990s, Rockford had passenger service to O'Hare Airport, but many passengers considered bus service or driving to Chicago a viable alternative. In 2003, the airport restored passenger service; instead of offering regional service to Chicago or elsewhere in the Midwest, the airport presented itself as an alternative for leisure-based travelers, offering low-cost flights to Florida.
Coleman Air Transport had a small hub at RFD in the late 1970s with Grumman Gulfstream Is and was planning to introduce Douglas DC-9-10 nonstop to New York LaGuardia Airport before losing its operating certificate and going out of business.[11]
The first airline flights were on Mid-Continent Airlines in 1950. Successor Braniff pulled out in 1955, leaving Ozark, which had arrived in 1951. Ozark Douglas DC-9-10s and McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s flew nonstop to Chicago O'Hare Airport and direct to Denver in 1976.[12] TWA flew Boeing 727s Rockford to Chicago O'Hare for a couple years starting May 1980. McClain Airlines Boeing 727-100s flew nonstop to Chicago O'Hare. The original Frontier Airlines (1950-1986)Boeing 737-200s served Rockford from 1984 until late 1986 nonstop to Cedar Rapids, Madison and Milwaukee and direct to Denver[13] when the operation was transferred to Britt Airways which flew turboprops for a short time. Direct Air served the airport from 2007 the until it shut down in March 2012.[14] The current version of Frontier offered mainline service to Denver until 2013. It also offered several charter flights, on behalf of Apple Vacations.[15]United Express served Denver from Rockford from 2006 to 2008.[16]Northwest Airlink served Detroit on and off from the 1980s until 2001 when it pulled out for good.[17]Transmeridian Airlines briefly operated a leisure-oriented focus city at Rockford beginning in 2003.[17]
The airport got its first control tower in the 1950s with the expansion of services from Braniff, Mid-Continent, and Ozark. Radar was installed in the tower in the 1970s, and the airport soon began operating 24/7.[18]
In an effort to capitalize on its location (less than 90 miles (145 km) from downtown Chicago and about 30 miles (48 km) from the outermost Chicago suburbs), the Greater Rockford Airport underwent several name changes in the 2000s. Initially changing to the Northwest Chicagoland Regional Airport at Rockford in the early 2000s, the airport became an official US port of entry and achieved international status in 2004. To reflect the change, it was renamed again, becoming the Chicago/Rockford International Airport (the slash was removed in 2007),[21] bringing it in line with the two original "Chicago" airports (O'Hare and Midway). In many forms of media, the airport also markets itself by its three FAA/IATA call letters: RFD.
The Rockford airport has played host to airshows in several capacities, often becoming one of the largest events in Northern Illinois. In 1959 the Experimental Aircraft Association (EAA) moved its annual fly-in from Timmerman Field in Milwaukee to the Greater Rockford Airport after outgrowing the smaller Wisconsin airfield. In 1960, 1000 people attended, leading to growth each year through the 1960s.[25] 1969 would be the final year for the EAA fly-in in Rockford, as it had outgrown the Rockford airport.
On December 16, 2016, Airfest announced that it would be indefinitely canceled. It stated that the airport had become too busy to hold the event.[26]
Facilities
This section needs to be updated. The reason given is: Information to current date needed. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2022)
Chicago Rockford International Airport covers 2,900 acres (1,200 ha) and has two runways, both with an ILS: 1/19 is 8,200 x 150 ft. (2,499 x 46 m) and 7/25 is 10,002 x 150 ft. (3,049 x 46 m). In 2017 the airport had 39,462 aircraft operations, average 108 per day: 61% general aviation, 31% airline, 4% military, and 3% air taxi.[4]
Passenger
The current terminal was built in 1987 in an effort to expand airline service in Rockford, but bus service to O'Hare International Airport kept most airlines away from Rockford.[citation needed] Passenger service was lost completely from 2001 to 2003.[27] An upgrade to the terminal in 2005 brought more jetways, escalators, and improved baggage handling equipment (the previous system catered to smaller turboprop aircraft rather than jets).[citation needed] In 2013, the terminal was renamed the Donald A. Manzullo International Terminal.[28][29] In 2017, the airport received a grant to expand both passenger terminals and cargo areas.[30]
Cargo Zone
The airport is in a foreign-trade zone. As runway 7/25 is 10,000 feet (3,000 m) long, a variety of large aircraft can land at RFD; the largest aircraft that has landed at RFD is the Antonov An-124 Ruslan.[31] In addition to the passenger terminal, the airport is home to three cargo ramps.
Next to the main terminal ramp, the 50-acre north cargo ramp is home to the Rockford Regional Air Hub of UPS Airlines that was constructed in 1994. The largest ramp at the airport, it has parking spaces for up to 40 jet aircraft.
Between the two runways, the smaller south ramp is home to one of two FBOs at the airport. In 2015, the former BAX Global (through Air Transport International/ATI) and DHL Express (ABX Air) cargo facilities were demolished to begin construction on a 200,000 square foot MRO facility owned and operated by AAR Corporation, which was opened in 2016.[32]
Southwest of the UPS ramp in 2008, the airport built a third cargo ramp and a 72,000 square foot warehouse.[33] In 2016, the facilities were leased for the first time to ABX Air to transfer air freight to trucks through the facility.[33]
Ground transportation
Public transit service to the airport is provided by the Rockford Mass Transit District. Route 7 operates from the airport to downtown Rockford.[34]
For the 12-month period ending on December 31, 2021, the airport averaged 129 operations per day, or about 47,000 per year. This is 51% commercial, 44% general aviation, 3% air taxi, and 2% military. There are 114 aircraft based on the field: 78 single-engine and 18 multi-engine airplanes, 15 jets, and three helicopters.[41]
Accidents and incidents
On August 19, 1993, a Cessna 310 crashed after takeoff from Rockford International Airport.[citation needed] The probable cause of the accident was found to be an arcing electrical relay (solenoid) and subsequent overheating/fire of the starter wiring and adjacent fuel lines.
On December 17, 2002, a Cessna 208B impacted terrain while on the instrument landing system approach into Rockford. The aircraft was carrying packages on behalf of UPS. The cause of the accident was found to be the pilot's failure to maintain control of the airplane during the ILS approach. Factors associated with the accident were the low ceilings, high winds, crosswind, and wind shear conditions that existed.[42]
On December 8, 2005, a Piper PA-44 Seminole was substantially damaged during a hard landing at Rockford International Airport. The flight instructor stated that he intended for the dual student to execute a simulated forced landing on the remaining runway immediately after liftoff. Upon reaching an altitude of 200 feet above ground level (agl), the flight instructor aboard instructed the student to reduce both throttles to idle while pitching for a landing attitude at 88 .knots. The resulting descent rate "did not appear favorable," so at about 100 feet AGL, the instructor commanded a go-around. Full engine power was applied; however, the descent continued until the airplane contacted the runway in a "flat attitude." The aircraft subsequently bounced and the stall warning horn sounded. The instructor took control of the aircraft and flew a normal traffic pattern to a full stop landing. He noted that, during the flight around the traffic pattern, the rudder and stabilator were "less responsive than usual." The probable cause of the accident was found to be a failure of the commercial pilot (dual student) to maintain a proper descent rate and a safe airspeed during the simulated forced landing; contributing factors included the flight instructor's delayed remedial action and the inadvertent stall prior to runway contact.[43]
On December 23, 2008, a Boeing 747 struck a pole while taxiing at Rockford International Airport.[citation needed] A report submitted by the operator stated that the airplane had landed at RFD and was taxiing when the accident occurred. The taxiway markings on the ramp were obscured by snow. The airplane impacted a light pole while being guided to parking by ground handlers including a wing-walker positioned at the right wing tip. The taxi speed was low due to the snow cover and positive contact with the ground handlers was maintained by the flight crew. The probable cause of the accident was found to be the ground crew's failure to maintain clearance from the light pole while directing the airplane to parking.
On March 12, 2018, a Cessna 182 Skylane crashed in Rockford when the pilot looked away to find his iPad during landing. The pilot took his eyes off the runway to grab the device that was located on the seat next to him and the airplane collided with the ground, in a nose down attitude. The probable cause of the accident was found to be the pilot's unnecessary action during the approach, which resulted in a hard landing.
