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((Multiple issues|
((More citations needed|date=March 2008))
((More footnotes|date=January 2020))
))
The '''Chicago Symphony Chorus''' began on September 22, 1957, when the [[Chicago Symphony Orchestra]] (CSO) announced that [[Margaret Hillis]] would organize and train a symphony chorus. The music director [[Fritz Reiner]]'s original intent was to utilize the chorus for the two weeks of subscription concerts that season, performing [[George Frideric Handel]]'s ''[[Messiah (Handel)|Messiah]]'' in December and [[Giuseppe Verdi]]'s ''[[Requiem (Verdi)|Requiem]]'' in April. When [[Bruno Walter]] informed the orchestra's management that his March 1958 appearances would be his last in Chicago, the board president, Eric Oldberg, insisted that Walter conduct [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]]'s ''[[Requiem (Mozart)|Requiem]]'' utilizing the new chorus. During that first season, it was logistically impossible for Hillis to audition and prepare a new Chorus for three major works within less than four months. As an interim fix, the [[Apollo Chorus of Chicago]] was used for the Christmas ''Messiah'' concerts.

== History ==
The Chicago Symphony Chorus gave its informal debut at a private concert for donors on November 30, 1957. Reiner conducted the first half of the concert and Hillis took the podium for the second half, becoming the first woman to conduct the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. She led the orchestra and chorus in the final section of [[Henry Purcell]]'s ''Ode for Saint Cecilia’s Day'', [[Randall Thompson]]'s ''[[Alleluia (Thompson)|Alleluia]]'' and [[William Billings]]'s ''Modern Music'', and the "Servants' Chorus" from [[Gaetano Donizetti]]’s ''[[Don Pasquale]]''.

Eighty-one-year-old Bruno Walter led the chorus in its official debut concerts at Orchestra Hall on March 13 and 14, 1958, a performance of Mozart's ''Requiem''. A few weeks later, on April 3, 4,and 8, 1958, Reiner himself led the chorus for the first time in a performance of Verdi's ''Requiem''.

The chorus made its first commercial recording for [[RCA]] — [[Sergei Prokofiev]]’s ''[[Alexander Nevsky (Prokofiev)|Alexander Nevsky]]'' - on March 7, 1959, with Fritz Reiner conducting the orchestra. The chorus made its [[Ravinia Festival]] debut on July 9, 1960, a performance of [[Gustav Mahler]]'s [[Symphony No. 2 (Mahler)|Symphony No. 2]] (''Resurrection'') conducted by the CSO's associate conductor and Ravinia Festival artistic director [[Walter Hendl]]. The chorus had its first [[Carnegie Hall]] appearance on November 12, 1967, singing [[Hans Werner Henze]]'s ''The Sicilian Muses'' and [[Maurice Ravel]]'s ''Daphnis and Chloe'' with [[Jean Martinon]] conducting.

The chorus' first tour with the orchestra was to London and Salzburg in August 1989. They performed [[Hector Berlioz]]'s ''[[The Damnation of Faust]]'' with [[Sir Georg Solti]] conducting. Ten years later, the ensemble won critical acclaim for its performances of [[Arnold Schoenberg]]'s ''[[Moses und Aron]]'' under [[Pierre Boulez]], and [[Johannes Brahms]]'s ''[[Ein deutsches Requiem|A German Requiem]]'' under [[Daniel Barenboim]] while performing at the Berlin Festtage in April 1999.

Chicago Symphony Orchestra recordings featuring the chorus have won ten [[Grammy Awards]] from the [[National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences]] for best choral performance. These recordings include hallmarks of the choral repertoire, ranging from [[Ludwig van Beethoven]]'s ''[[Missa Solemnis (Beethoven)|Missa solemnis]]'' to [[Johann Sebastian Bach]]'s ''[[Mass in B Minor]]'', and two recordings each of Brahms's ''A German Requiem'' and Verdi's ''Requiem''. Women of the chorus (prepared by [[Duain Wolfe]]) appeared on the recording of Mahler's ''[[Symphony No. 3 (Mahler)|Symphony No. 3]]'' led by the CSO's principal conductor [[Bernard Haitink]]. The recording was released in May 2007, as the first recording on the orchestra's own label, [[CSO Resound]].<ref>((cite news | url=http://cso.org/resound| title=CSO Resound))</ref>

[[Margaret Hillis]] led the chorus as director for 37 years and retired in 1994. [[Duain Wolfe]] became the chorus's second director in June 1994. He retired from this position at the end of February 2022. <ref>((cite web|url=https://www.wfmt.com/2022/02/24/after-28-years-chicago-symphony-chorus-director-duain-wolfe-gives-a-joyous-farewell/ |title=After 28 Years, Chicago Symphony Chorus Director Duain Wolfe Gives a ‘Joyous Farewell’ |publisher=www.wfmt.com |accessdate=February 25, 2022))</ref>

==Chorus directors==
*[[Margaret Hillis]] (1958–1994)
*[[Duain Wolfe]] (1994–2022)

==Honors and awards==
'''[[Grammy Award for Best Choral Performance]]'''
* [[Grammy Awards of 1978|1977]] - [[Sir Georg Solti]], conductor and [[Margaret Hillis]], chorus director: [[Giuseppe Verdi|VERDI]] ''[[Requiem (Verdi)|Requiem]]''
* [[Grammy Awards of 1979|1978]] - Sir Georg Solti, conductor and Margaret Hillis, chorus director: [[Ludwig van Beethoven|BEETHOVEN]] ''[[Missa Solemnis (Beethoven)|Missa solemnis]]''
* [[Grammy Awards of 1980|1979]] - Sir Georg Solti, conductor and Margaret Hillis, chorus director: [[Johannes Brahms|BRAHMS]] ''[[Ein deutsches Requiem|A German Requiem]]''
* [[Grammy Awards of 1983|1982]] - Sir Georg Solti, conductor and Margaret Hillis, chorus director: [[Hector Berlioz|BERLIOZ]] ''[[La damnation de Faust (Georg Solti recording)|The Damnation of Faust]]''
* [[Grammy Awards of 1984|1983]] - Sir Georg Solti, conductor and Margaret Hillis, chorus director: [[Joseph Haydn|HAYDN]] ''[[The Creation (Haydn)|The Creation]]''
* [[Grammy Awards of 1985|1984]] - [[James Levine]], conductor and Margaret Hillis, chorus director: [[Johannes Brahms|BRAHMS]] ''[[Ein deutsches Requiem|A German Requiem]]''
* [[Grammy Awards of 1987|1986]] - James Levine, conductor and Margaret Hillis, chorus director: [[Carl Orff|ORFF]] ''[[Carmina Burana (Orff)|Carmina Burana]]''
* [[Grammy Awards of 1992|1991]] - Sir Georg Solti, conductor and Margaret Hillis, chorus director: [[Johann Sebastian Bach|BACH]] [[Mass in B Minor|''Mass in B Minor'', BWV 232]]
* [[Grammy Awards of 1994|1993]] - [[Pierre Boulez]], conductor and Margaret Hillis, chorus director: [[Béla Bartók|BARTÓK]] ''[[Cantata Profana|Cantata profana]]''
* [[Grammy Awards of 2011|2010]] - [[Riccardo Muti]], conductor and [[Duain Wolfe]], chorus director: [[Giuseppe Verdi|VERDI]] ''[[Requiem (Verdi)|Messa da Requiem]]''

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
((Portal|music))
*[http://cso.org/about/chicago-symphony-chorus/ Official website]
*[http://csoarchives.wordpress.com/2018/03/13/a-new-factor-in-the-citys-musical-life-the-founding-of-the-chicago-symphony-chorus/ "A new factor in the city’s musical life": The Founding of the Chicago Symphony Chorus]
*[http://csoarchives.wordpress.com/2016/03/22/125-moments-057-margaret-hillis-and-the-chicago-symphony-chorus/ Margaret Hillis and the Chicago Symphony Chorus] 
*[http://www.bruceduffie.com/hillis4.html Interview with Margaret Hillis] by Bruce Duffie, July 1986


((Chicago))
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[[Category:Choirs in Illinois]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1957]]
[[Category:Musical groups from Chicago]]
[[Category:1957 establishments in Illinois]]

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