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((Short description|Homicide of an individual who is a minor))
((About||practices of systematically killing very young children|infanticide|the killing of one's own children|filicide))
((More citations needed|date=January 2008))
((homicide))

'''Pedicide''', '''child murder''', '''child manslaughter''', or '''child homicide''' is the [[homicide]] of an individual who is a [[Age of majority|minor]]. In many legal jurisdictions it is considered an [[Aggravation (law)|aggravated]] form of homicide. The age of the victim may constitute an aggravated factor for homicide offenses, or child murder may be a stand-alone criminal offense.

== Punishment by jurisdiction ==
[[File:Albert_Fish_1903_crop.jpg|thumb|left|[[Albert Fish]] (1870 – 1936) was a [[serial killer]] who murdered children]]
===United States===
In 2008, there were 1,494 child homicides in the United States. Of those killed, 1,035 were male and 452 were female.<ref>United States Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2009). Crime in the United States: Uniform Crime Report, 2008. Retrieved from ((cite web |url=http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2008/offenses/expanded_information/data/shrtable_02.html |title=Expanded Homicide Data Table 2 - Crime in the United States 2008 |access-date=2010-08-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819101712/http://www.fbi.gov/ucr/cius2008/offenses/expanded_information/data/shrtable_02.html |archive-date=2010-08-19 ))</ref>

In the United States, about half of the states that maintain the [[Capital punishment in the United States|death penalty]] have included child murder to their list of aggravating factors that may make a murder punishable by death. The victim's age under which the crime is a capital crime varies between states. The ages are set between 10 and 17, with 12 being the most common age.<ref>((cite web | url=https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/stories/use-of-the-death-penalty-for-killing-a-child-victim | title=Use of the Death Penalty for Killing a Child Victim ))</ref>

Child [[manslaughter]] can result in an aggravated charge in some jurisdictions such as the State of [[Florida]].<ref>[http://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0700-0799/0782/Sections/0782.07.html The 2015 Florida Statutes]</ref>

===United Kingdom===

Any murder in the United Kingdom carries a [[Life imprisonment in the United Kingdom|mandatory life sentence]]. In England and Wales, murder of a child involving sexual or sadistic conduct or abduction of the victim can result in a whole life order (i.e. life imprisonment without the possibility of parole) being imposed where the offender is at least 21 years old. Sentencing guidelines state that where the offender is under 21, the starting point is a minimum term of 30 years.

==By other children==
[[Image:William York killing Susan Matthew.JPG|left|thumb|18th century illustration of William York, age 10, murdering Susan Matthew, age 5, on 13 May 1748, from [[The Newgate Calendar]]]]
In most countries, there are very few cases where children are killed by other children. According to the U.S. Department of Justice statistics for 1996,((citation needed|date=January 2014)) one in five murders of children were committed by other children. Several murders by children have gained prominent media exposure. One was the killing on 12 February 1993 of the 2-year-old boy [[Murder of James Bulger|James Bulger]] by Robert Thompson and Jon Venables who were both 10 years old in [[Bootle]], [[Merseyside]], [[England]]. He was beaten and stoned before his unconscious body was left on train tracks to give the impression that a train had hit him. Bulger's killers became the youngest convicted murderers in the modern history of the United Kingdom. Another notable case in the UK occurred in 1968 in [[Newcastle upon Tyne]], when 10 year old [[Mary Bell]] was convicted of [[manslaughter]] due to diminished responsibility in the deaths of toddlers Martin Brown and Brian Howe. She was released in 1980 at the age of 23.<ref>((Cite web|last=Kuroski|first=John|date=2021-10-24|title="Evil Born": The Vicious Crimes Of 11-Year-Old Murderer Mary Bell|url=https://allthatsinteresting.com/mary-bell|access-date=2022-02-20|website=All That's Interesting|language=en-US))</ref> In 1998, 8 year old Madelyn Clifton was killed by 14 year old [[Josh Phillips (murderer)|Josh Phillips]].

==By medical professionals==
Children, especially infants, have been killed on purpose by medical professionals. [[Katherine Ramsland]], an expert in serial killers, believes predatory offenders may view healthcare agencies as "places of trust" where they have advantages. While other killers may decide to reduce the workload, or set someone up out of spite, or get [[God complex]] and think they are [[Angel of mercy (criminology)|helping their victims]], or be seeking attention, self-empowerment, and thrill.<ref>((cite web |title=Lucy Letby: Inside the mind of a serial killer - the psychology behind healthcare murderers |url=https://news.sky.com/story/lucy-letby-inside-the-mind-of-a-serial-killer-the-psychology-behind-healthcare-murderers-12941902 |date=19 Aug 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230819152532/https://news.sky.com/story/lucy-letby-inside-the-mind-of-a-serial-killer-the-psychology-behind-healthcare-murderers-12941902 |archive-date=19 Aug 2023 |work=Sky News |last=Peplow |first=Gemma |location=United Kingdom |language=en))</ref> In one such case, neonatal nurse [[Lucy Letby]] was accused of [[serial killer|killing]] at least 7 infants between June 2015 to 2016 at the [[Countess of Chester Hospital]] and attempting to kill a further 10 more.<ref>((cite web |title=How the Police caught Lucy Letby |url=https://news.sky.com/story/how-the-police-caught-lucy-letby-12933640 |date=17 Aug 2023 |first1=Megan |last1=Harwood-Baynes |first2=Tom |last2=Parmenter |work=[[Sky News]] |location=[[United Kingdom]] |archive-url=https://archive.today/20230818171804/https://news.sky.com/story/how-the-police-caught-lucy-letby-12933640 |archive-date=18 Aug 2023))</ref>

==Media coverage==
[[File:Jammu1MH uu.jpg|122px|thumb|upright|[[Jammu Siltavuori]], also known as "Uncle Jammu", murdered two eight-year-old girls in 1989.<ref>((Cite web|url=https://truecrimefinland.squarespace.com/new-blog?offset=1506088771422|title=Episode 004: Uncle Jammu|work=True Crime Finland|date=September 8, 2017|access-date=October 27, 2020))</ref><ref>[https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/31121/638220.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&ved=2ahUKEwjPzb_Z4dPsAhWx-yoKHSyRCT84HhAWMAh6BAgGEAE&usg=AOvVaw31peiBtwEdiYQur7-fsIzI Nodes of Contemporary Finnish Literature - Oapen]</ref>]]
In 1992, after the fatal shooting of 7-year-old [[Dantrell Davis]] as he left the [[Cabrini–Green]] [[public housing]] project for school, the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' put every child murder on the front page (generally no murders were front-page news). 62 child murders were reported that year.

Multiple deaths in one incident, such as the 1999 [[Columbine High School massacre]] and the 2012 [[Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting]], tend to gather the most media attention but are statistically scarce.

==Genocide and child soldiers==
((main|Military use of children))
The military use of children refers to children being placed in harm's way in military actions, in order to protect a location or provide propaganda. This is sometimes referred to as child sacrifice, though not equivalent to the religious variety. It may also refer to the use of children as child soldiers or saboteurs.

[[Red Hand Day]] on February 12 is an annual commemoration day to draw public attention to the practice of using children as soldiers in wars and armed conflicts.

=="Muti killings"==
[[Medicine murder]] (often referred to as ''muti killing'') is a practice of [[human sacrifice]] and [[disfigurement|mutilation]] associated with traditional medicinal practices, such as [[Muti]]. Victims of muti killings are often children. Organs and/or body parts are usually taken while the child is still alive. An unknown child (referred to as ''[[Adam (unsolved Thames murder case)|Adam]]''), whose decapitated torso was found in the [[River Thames]] in [[London]] in 2002 is believed to have been the victim of a muti killing.<ref>((cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/1723795.stm | work=BBC News | title=Torso murder reward offered | date=21 December 2001 | access-date=28 April 2010))</ref>

==Murdered children of royalty==
[[File:Theodor Hildebrandt - The Murder of the Sons of Edward IV - Google Art Project.jpg|268px|thumb|A painting from 1835 by [[Theodor Hildebrandt]] with the title ''The Murder of the Sons of Edward IV'' depicting Edward V of England and his brother Richard of York about to be killed]]
[[File:Macrino, aureo per diadoumeniano cesare, 217-18, 01.JPG|130px|thumb|right|Diadumenian, killed at the age of nine]]
[[File:Enthauptung Konradins.jpg|130px|thumb|right|Aged 16, Conradin was beheaded.]]
[[File:Jacques-Victor Henry Christophe (no source).jpg|130px|thumb|right|Jacques-Victor Henry, Prince Royal of Haiti, bayoneted by revolutionaries at the age of 16]]

*[[Alexander IV of Macedon]], 323–309 BC
*Two sons of [[Queen Dowager Zhao]] of [[Qin (state)|Qin]] and her lover [[Lao Ai]], † 238 BC
*[[Hieronymus of Syracuse]], 231–214 BC
*[[Caesarion]], June 23, 47 BC – August 23, 30 BC
*[[Julia Drusilla (daughter of Caligula)|Julia Drusilla]], summer of AD 39 – 24 January 41
*[[Diadumenian|Diadumenian, Roman co-emperor (May–June 218)]], September 14, 208 – June 218
*[[Licinius II|Licinius II, Roman co-emperor (317-324)]], c. 315 – c. 326
*Gisald (son of [[Sigismund of Burgundy]]), † 1 May 524
*Gondebaud (son of [[Sigismund of Burgundy]]), † 1 May 524
*Théodebald (son of [[Chlodomer]]), c. 521-531
*Gunthaire (son of [[Chlodomer]]), c. 523-531
*[[Tremorus of Brittany]] (son or stepson of [[Conomor]]) - ''Legendary'' (6th century AD)
*[[Tiberius (son of Maurice)|Tiberius]] (son of East-Roman emperor [[Maurice (emperor)|Maurice]]), † 27 November 602
*Petrus (son of East-Roman emperor Maurice), † 27 November 602
*Paulus (son of East-Roman emperor Maurice), † 27 November 602
*Justin (son of East-Roman emperor Maurice), † 27 November 602
*Justinian (son of East-Roman emperor Maurice), † 27 November 602
*Merovech (son of [[Theudebert II]] of [[Austrasia]]), † 612
*[[Chilperic of Aquitaine|Chilperic, king of Aquitaine]], † 632
*[[Tiberius (son of Justinian II)|Tiberius, Byzantine co-emperor (706-711)]], 705 – December 711
*[[Edward the Martyr]], c. 962 – 18 March 978
*Several sons of [[Harald Kesja]], some of which might have been [[Minor (law)|minor]], were murdered in 1135
*Harald (son of [[Sigurd II of Norway|Sigurd Munn]] & [[Kristin Sigurdsdatter]]), killed in the [[1160s]] before the [[age of majority]] 
*[[Alexios II Komnenos]], 14 September 1169 – September 1183
*[[Emperor Antoku|Emperor Antoku of Japan]], December 22, 1178 – April 25, 1185
*[[Vira Bahu I of Polonnaruwa|Vira Bahu I, King of Polonnaruwa]], 1179 – 1196
*[[Conradin|Conradin, Duke of Swabia & King of Jerusalem]], 25 March 1252 – 29 October 1268
*[[Şehzade Halil]], probably 1346 – 1362
*[[Thong Lan|Thong Lan, king of Ayutthaya]], c. 1373/74 – c. 1388/89
*[[Chang of Goryeo]], September 6, 1381 – December 31, 1389
*Yi Bang-Beon (son of [[Taejo of Joseon]] & [[Queen Sindeok]]), 1381 – October 6, 1398
*Yi Bang-Seok (son of [[Taejo of Joseon]] & [[Queen Sindeok]]), 1382 – October 6, 1398
*[[Danjong of Joseon]], August 9, 1441 – December 24, 1457
*[[Alexios V of Trebizond|Alexios V, Trapezuntine emperor]], 1454 – November 1, 1463
*[[Edward V of England]], November 2, 1470 – c. 1483
*[[Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York]], August 17, 1473 – c. 1483
*[[Lê Quang Trị|Lê Quang Trị, Emperor of Annam]], 1509 – May 1516 (his two brothers was killed along with Quang Trị)
*[[Feodor II of Russia|Feodor Godunov]], 1589 – 10 or 20 June 1605
*[[Louis XVII of France]], March 27, 1785 – June 8, 1795
*[[Jacques-Victor Henry|Jacques-Victor Henry, Prince Royal of Haiti]], March 3, 1804 – October 18, 1820
*[[Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia]], June 18, 1901 – July 17, 1918
*[[Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia]], August 12, 1904 – July 17, 1918

==See also==
*[[Amber Alert]]
*[[Bloody Mary (folklore)]]
*[[Child abuse]]
*[[Cinderella effect]]
*[[Crime of Gádor]]
*[[Kidnapping]]
*[[List of murdered American children]]
*[[Madam Koi Koi]]

==References==
((Reflist))

((Authority control))

[[Category:Child murder| ]]
[[Category:Killings by type]]

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