Newark Priory was dissolved by Henry VIII and by 1580 Chilworth manor was owned by William Morgan (c. 1525-1602), who also held the neighbouring manor of Tyting with Henry Polsted (whose son Richard Polsted[4] married a daughter of Sir William More (died 1600) of Loseley Park).[3] In 1583 William Morgan settled Chilworth on the marriage of his son John to his first wife, Anne Lumsford, and in 1589 upon John's second marriage, to Margery Goldinge.[5] John was knighted at Cadiz in 1596.[6] His wife, Lady Margaret, extended hospitality to the poet Robert Tofte and his brother at Chilworth, who dedicated his translation of Boiardo's Orlando Innamorato to her in 1598.[7]
In 1602, the year of William Morgan's death, Sir John's daughter Anne married Sir Edward Randyll,[8] and upon this union John bestowed a moiety of the manor of Wotton.[9] Sir John married lastly to Elizabeth Rich, sister of Sir Nathaniel Rich and of Dame Margaret Wroth. He died at Chilworth in 1621[10] making a settlement of the manor by which his widow, who remarried to John Sotherton the younger, was still residing at the manor at the time of her death in 1633.[11][12]
Sir Edward Randyll's family held Chilworth for over a century. Soon after the death of Sir John, Chilworth was chosen by the East India Company as the site for its manufactory of gunpowder. A 21-year lease was signed with the Randylls in 1626, but production was stopped in 1632: the Company transferred its interest to Samuel Cordwell in 1637, soon after a contract to supply King Charles I with gunpowder was made, but the king's monopoly expired in 1641. The mills were then demolished to prevent the royalists from seizing them, but by 1643 were working again, now supplying Parliament. On the expiry of the original lease in 1649, Vincent Randyll (the landlord) leased the mills on annual terms.[13]
Walls of Chilworth Manor garden
The south front, the earliest part of the existing manor house, was built during the time in which Chilworth manor was owned by the Randylls. The architect is unknown. Morgan Randyll[14] was MP for Guildford from 1680 to 1712. As a result of the costs involved in the elections, the property was sold to Richard Houlditch, a director of the South Sea Company. After losses incurred in the South Sea Bubble in 1720, the manor was again sold.[5]
In 1725 the widowed Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, became the owner. She added the Marlborough Wing, developed a tiered garden excavated in the sloping hillside which is still known as the "Duchess's Garden". It then passed from her grandson, John Spencer, through inheritances to the Dukes of Northumberland who held it until the 1930s. It was then acquired by Alfred Mildmay who carried out major renovations to the building.[15]
Since Lady Heald's death in 2004 [16] extensive restoration work has been carried out and the garden, fittingly, opened as part of the National Garden Scheme.
In popular culture
John Bunyan, who lived nearby at one time, is reputed to have based The Hill of Difficulty in Pilgrims Progress on the path from the manor to St Martha's Chapel.[17]
The house has been featured in a number of films and TV series over the years.[18]
^ ab'Parishes: St Martha's or Chilworth', in H.E. Malden (ed.), A History of the County of Surrey, Vol. 3 (V.C.H., London 1911), pp. 104-06 (British History Online accessed 16 January 2023).
^W.J.J., 'Polsted (Polstead), Richard (1545-76), of Albury, Surr.', in P.W. Hasler (ed.), The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1558-1603 (from Boydell and Brewer 1981), History of Parliament Online.
^ abE.W. Brayley, A Topographical History of Surrey, 5 vols (Robert Best Ede, Dorking/David Bogue, London 1841), V, p. 130 (Google).
^Thomas Birch, Memoirs of the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, vol. 2 (A. Millar, London 1754), pp. 49-50 (Internet Archive).
^R. Tofte, Orlando Innamorato. The three first Bookes of that famous noble Gentleman and learned Poet Mathew Maria Boiardo (Valentine Sims, London 1598). Full text at Umich/eebo.
^Called "Edward" Randyll by H.E. Malden in V.C.H. Surrey 3, pp. 104-06, and by Sir John Morgan in his Will (P.C.C. 1621): by some authors called "Ernest".
^Brayley, A Topographical History of Surrey, V, p. 4 (Google).
^Will of Sir John Morgan of Chilworth (P.C.C. 1621).
^Will of Dame Elizabethe Morgan, widow of Chilworth (P.C.C. 1632-33).
^Read abstracts of the Wills of Sir Nathaniel Rich, Sir John Morgan and Dame Elizabeth Morgan in H.F. Waters, Genealogical Gleanings in England, Vol. II (New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston 1901), pp 871–74 (Internet Archive).
^'Section 2.4.3 and 2.4.4, Chilworth Gunpowder Mills Historical timeline', and 'Section 2.6, Understanding the site: Phase I (1626-1650)', in Chilworth Gunpowder Mills Conservation Management Plan, Volume 2 (Oxford Archaeology with Guildford Borough, November 2011), at pp. 7-8 and pp. 13-15 (alburyhistory.org.uk pdf), citing especially publications by D.W. Warner (1975, 1976), by G. and A. Crocker (1984, 1985, 2000), and by K. Fairclough (2000).
