Christopher Ellery
United States Senator
from Rhode Island
In office
May 16, 1801 – March 3, 1805
Preceded byRay Greene
Succeeded byJames Fenner
Personal details
Born(1768-11-01)November 1, 1768
Newport, Rhode Island
DiedDecember 2, 1840(1840-12-02) (aged 72)
Middletown, Rhode Island
Political partyDemocratic-Republican

Christopher Ellery (November 1, 1768 – December 2, 1840) was a United States senator from Rhode Island. Born in Newport, he graduated from Yale College in 1787, studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Newport. He was clerk of the superior court of Newport County from 1794 to 1798.[1]


Early life and family

Christopher Ellery was a nephew of William Ellery, a Continental Congressman from Rhode Island.[2] In 1784, his daughter, Betsy, married Samuel Vernon.[3]

Slave voyage

In 1788, Ellery financed a slave voyage aboard the brig Washington with Constant Tabor and prominent Newport slave trader Samuel Vernon, his son in law. The captain, William Gardner, purchased 200 enslaved Africans from the Gold Coast and then sailed to Martinique where he sold 165 people. Thus, 35 may have died on the voyage through the Middle Passage.[4]

Election history

Ellery was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the U.S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Ray Greene and served from May 16, 1801, to March 3, 1805. He was defeated for reelection in 1804 by James Fenner, the son of the Governor. Ellery was appointed by President Thomas Jefferson as United States commissioner of loans at Providence in 1806, and was appointed collector of customs at Newport, succeeding his uncle, holding that office from 1820 to 1834.[1]

The Geffroy letters

In a curious incident in 1801, a letter to President Thomas Jefferson was sent from someone purporting to be Nicholas Geffroy, a silversmith in Newport, Rhode Island. The letter detailed accusations against many citizens and office-holders, and insisted that "A purification is necessary, & we cannot be purified unless you cleanse the Augean Stable completely."[5] Geffroy received a response from Jefferson, but doubted its authenticity and denied having ever written to the President.

Rhode Island Republican, September 18, 1802

Christopher Ellery, a local resident, vouched for its authenticity and apparently impounded the letter for return to Jefferson. He then accused Congressman John Rutledge Jr. of South Carolina, also then resident in Newport, of having forged this and another letter from Geffroy. These "Geffroy letters" were subsequently published in the Newport Rhode-Island Republican on September 18, 1802, under the headline "Rutledge's Letters To the President of the United States." As noted in that article, although Geffroy possessed some mastery of spoken English, it was doubted that he could write, "with any degree of correctness, a single sentence of the language." After a flurry of accusations and affidavits, Rutledge challenged Ellery to a duel, which he declined.[6]

Rutledge assaulted Ellery in January 1803, "publicly caning him and pulling him by the nose and ears". Although Rutledge vehemently maintained his innocence in the affair, he decided not to seek reelection in 1803 given the negative publicity.[7]

Death

Christopher Ellery died in Middletown in 1840. He was buried in Common Burying Ground and Island Cemetery in Newport.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Bioguide Search". bioguide.congress.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-26.
  2. ^ Johnson, Cynthia Mestad (2014-04-01). James DeWolf and the Rhode Island Slave Trade. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-62585-015-7.
  3. ^ Daughters of the American Revolution Magazine. National Society of the Daughters of the American Revolution. 1894.
  4. ^ Coughtry, Jay (1981). The Notorious Triangle: Rhode Island and the African Slave Trade, 1700-1807. Temple University Press. ISBN 978-0-87722-218-7.
  5. ^ "Founders Online: To Thomas Jefferson from "Nicholas Geffroy," 1 August 1801". founders.archives.gov. Retrieved 2022-06-26.
  6. ^ "RUTLEDGE'S Letters". Rhode Island Republican. September 18, 1802. pp. 1–2.
  7. ^ Hammett, Charles Edward (1887). A Contribution to the Bibliography and Literature of Newport, R. I.: Comprising a List of Books Published Or Printed, in Newport, with Notes and Additions. C. E. Hammett, jun.


U.S. Senate Preceded byRay Greene U.S. senator (Class 2) from Rhode Island 1801–1805 Served alongside: Theodore Foster, Samuel J. Potter, Benjamin Howland Succeeded byJames Fenner
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