You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.201.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪ST47‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a web host's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and they should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 23:54, 31 July 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 April 2025
Your current IP address is 44.201.28.123. The blocked range is 44.201.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((Short description|Music genre originating in Trinidad and Tobago))
((Use dmy dates|date=January 2021))
((Use Trinidadian English|date=January 2021))
((Multiple issues|
((original research|date=February 2017))
((more citations needed|date=February 2017))
((cleanup|date=May 2011))
((more footnotes needed|date=May 2018))
))
((Infobox music genre
| name              = Chutney
| native_name       = 
| etymology         = 
| other_names       = 
| image             = 
| alt               = 
| caption           = 
| stylistic_origins = [[Bhojpuri]], [[Indian folk music|folk]] and later fused with [[Calypso music|calypso]], [[Soca music|soca]] and [[filmi]]
| cultural_origins  = Mid-20th century, [[Indo-Caribbean]]s with [[indentured servant]] or [[immigrant]] ancestry
| instruments       = 
| derivatives       = 
| subgenres         = [[Chutney soca]], [[Chutney parang]]
| subgenrelist      = 
| fusiongenres      = 
| regional_scenes   = 
| local_scenes      = 
| other_topics      = 
| footnotes         = 
| current_year      = 
))
((Music of Trinidad and Tobago))
'''Chutney music''' ([[Caribbean Hindustani]]: 𑂒𑂗𑂢𑂲 𑂮𑂑𑂹𑂏𑂲𑂞) is a fusion genre of Indian folk music, specifically [[Bhojpuri]] folk music, with Caribbean calypso and soca music, and later with [[Bollywood]] music. This genre of music that developed in Trinidad and Tobago is popular in [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Guyana]], [[Suriname]], [[Jamaica]], other parts of the [[Caribbean]], [[Fiji]], [[Mauritius]], and [[South Africa]]. Chutney music emerged mid-20th century and reached a peak of popularity during the 1980s. Several sub-genres have developed.

==History==
This contemporary fusion of genres was created by [[Indo-Caribbean]] people whose ancestors were from the [[Hindi Belt]]. They were taken as [[indentured servant|indentured laborer]]s by the British to replace slave laborers on sugar plantations after emancipation.<ref>((Cite web|title=Indian Arrival Day|url=https://www.nalis.gov.tt/Resources/Subject-Guide/Indian-Arrival-Day|website=www.nalis.gov.tt|access-date=2020-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212091036/https://www.nalis.gov.tt/Resources/Subject-Guide/Indian-Arrival-Day|archive-date=12 February 2017|url-status=dead))</ref> Chutney music was established in the 1940s within temples, wedding houses, and cane fields of the Indo-Caribbean. There were no recordings until 1968, when [[Ramdew Chaitoe]] of [[Suriname]], a small country in South America, recorded an early rendition of chutney music. The album was entitled ''King of Suriname'' and all of the songs were religious in nature. However, Chaitoe soon became a household name with East Indians not just in Suriname but throughout the [[Caribbean]].  Although the songs were religious, they had a dance vibe throughout each track. For the first time Indo-Caribbeans had music that spoke to them and was not specifically Indian or European/American in style. This was a breakthrough for East Indian Caribbean music, but the fame was short lived.

Chutney music exploded again in 1968 with the female singer [[Dropati]], who released an album entitled ''Let's Sing & Dance'', made up of traditional wedding songs. These songs became huge hits within the Indo-Caribbean community. The album gained recognition for chutney music as a legitimate form and united Indians, regardless of their birthplace.

1969 was a turning point for chutney music when record producer Moean Mohammed recorded [[Sundar Popo]] with Harry Mahabir's BWIA Orchestra. Sundar Popo modernized the music by including western guitars and early electronics into his music. Although Popo became known as the "King of Chutney," the art of singing songs in "Chutney" style was introduced by a singer named Lakhan Kariya, from the town of Felicity, [[Chaguanas]] who preceded Sundar Popo. Other artists, such as Sam Boodram, followed in his footsteps by adding new modern instrumentation into their music. Chutney music until then remained a local music in Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, and Suriname.

After the success of Kuchh Gadbad Hai, other Chutney artists began to fuse [[Calypso music|calypso]], [[Soca music|soca]] and American rhythm and blues, naming their music Indian soca. A young female artist named [[Drupatee Ramgoonai]]<ref>((Cite web|title=Drupatee Ramgoonai Biography|url=https://chutneymusic.com/biography/drupatee-ramgoonai/|website=chutneymusic.com|access-date=2020-05-29))</ref> from [[Trinidad]] emerged on this new scene. At first she was criticized for being "dutty" (rude or crude in creole), because she wrote about sex and alcohol. This was nothing new, as she was following in the footsteps of other calypsonians who they sing about issues in their life or what is happening within the community. Drupatee was later given the title "Queen of Chutney." By the end of the 1980s chutney music was introduced in Indian films.

During the 1990s many mom and pop recording companies mushroomed and set out to cash in on the Chutney craze. Companies in The United States and Canada began to pick up chutney artists for their recording companies. These included the successful Jamaican Me Crazy (JMC) Records, Spice Island Records, Mohabir Records and JTS Productions. The establishment of nightclubs such as Soca Paradise and Calypso City in New York and Connections and Calypso Hut in Toronto, coupled with these new recording companies were all factors instrumental in promoting Indo-Caribbean music overseas and in the West Indies.

==Musical style==

The modern chutney artist writes lyrics in either [[Caribbean Hindustani]] or [[English language|English]], then lays them over beats derived from Indian [[dholak]] beats mixed with the soca beat.

Chutney is an uptempo song, accompanied by [[bass guitar]], [[drum machine]], [[electric guitar]], [[synthesizer]], dholak, [[Pump organ|harmonium]], and [[dhantal]], [[tassa]] played in rhythms imported from [[filmi]], [[calypso music|calypso]] or [[Soca music|soca]]. Early chutney was religious in nature sung by mainly women in Trinidad & Tobago. Chutney is unusual in the predominance of female musicians in its early years, although it has since become more gender-mixed.

Chutney artists include Sundar Popo, Sonny Mann, Lakhan Kariya, Sam Boodram, Boodram Holass, [[Rikki Jai]], [[Raymond Ramnarine]], [[Rakesh Yankaran]], Anand Yankaran, Devanand Gattoo, [[Ravi Bissambhar]], Rasika Dindial, Hemlata Dindial, [[Heeralal Rampartap]], and [[Ramdew Chaitoe]], who composed the Surinamese-based "Baithak Gana" in his album ''The Star Melodies of Ramdew Chaitoe''.  Among the best known examples of chutney music are Sundar Popo's "Pholourie Bina Chutney" or Sundar Popo's first recorded song "Nani And Nana", Sam Boodram's " Lalana Khoose" Sonny Mann's "Lotalal", Vedesh Sookoo's "Dhal Belly Indian", Anand Yankaran's "Jo Jo", Neeshan "D Hitman" Prabhoo's "Mr. Shankar", [[Ravi B]]'s "Rum Is Meh Lova" and [[Rikki Jai]]'s "Mor Tor", KI's "Single Forever", Princess Anisa's "Tek Sunita (Nadia's Reply)", and Vanita Willie's "Poowah".

The nature of current chutney songs are simple. They speak about life and love for many things, whether for a significant other or for an object of possession. Some chutney songs favor the topic of food or drink; however, like most West Indian music, there can be a hidden message found in the song if you read between the lines.

== References ==
==Instrumentation==
Chutney music is typically played with the [[dholak]], [[dhantal]] and [[Pump organ|harmonium]].  The melody of the music is provided by the harmonium, and the dholak and dhantal for the rhythm. More modernly, drum machines playing [[tassa]] have been incorporated into chutney as well. Tassa is drumming used in the Muslim [[Hosay]] festival, and is also played during Hindu weddings and other celebrations.

==Languages==
Chutney music is sung in [[Caribbean English]], [[Caribbean Hindustani]] (a form of the [[Bhojpuri]] and [[Awadhi]]), and sometimes other [[Languages of India|Indian languages]]. Although chutney music has [[Caribbean Hindustani|Hindustani]] words it has been deemed ownership by the local Indians and belongs to the [[Caribbean]], it has not been recognized in the Indian music or film industry, it is of [[Indo-Caribbean music|Indo-Caribbean culture]]. Traditionally speaking, the lyrics of chutney are from folk, classical, and religious music, but that has changed over the years. In modern chutney music, including the newer subgenres, the lyrics have evolved to be more contemporary and include more English.

==Subgenres==
The origin of chutney being in the Caribbean has meant that it's been in close contact with different peoples, traditions, and other musical styles since its inception. According to the government of [[Trinidad and Tobago]], roughly 35% of the country's population is of Indian descent, another 34% of African descent, and the remaining 31% composed of a mix of European, Chinese, Middle Eastern, and other ancestry. This has allowed chutney to fuse with other genres and/or to implement new instruments into its own style, creating an array of syncretic subgenres including ragga chutney, chutney-bhangra, chutney hip-hop, soca-bhangra,  and [[chutney soca]].

[[Chutney soca]] is the most notable of these, as it has become virtually indistinguishable from what is considered normal chutney in recent years. [[Drupatee Ramgoonai]] coined the term with the release of her album, "Chatnee Soca," in 1987. The style had an emphasis on Hindi lyrics and the beats of the [[dholak]] and [[dhantal]]. It was further popularized by the 1994 album, "Soca Chutney," by Sonny Mann. It was credited as the best selling Indo-Caribbean album ever, with its title track hitting the top of charts not only in the Caribbean, but in the United States, Canada, and England.

Modern chutney soca, like many chutney subgenres, has incorporated more use of keyboards, drum machines, and other electronic instruments.

== References ==
((Reflist))

===General references===
* Broughton, Simon, and Mark Ellingham. "Trinidad: Chutney." World music: the Rough guide : [an A-Z of the music, musicians and discs.. London: The Rough Guides, 2000. 527-530. Print.
* Ingram, Amelia. [http://aingram.web.wesleyan.edu/chutney.html "What is Chutney Music?."] An Exploration of Music and Culture in Trinidad. N.p., n.d. Web. 3 May 2011. [[Wesleyan University]]
* Manuel, Peter, Kenneth M. Bilby, and Michael D. Largey. Caribbean currents: Caribbean music from rumba to reggae. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995. Print.
* Manuel, Peter. "Chutney and Indo-Trinidadian cultural identity." Popular Music 17 (1998): 21-43. Print.
* Ramnarine, Tina Karina. ""Indian" Music in the Diaspora: Case Studies of "Chutney" in Trinidad and in London." British Journal of Ethnomusicology 5 (1996): 133-153. Print.  [https://www.jstor.org/stable/3060870 subscription-only link] from [[JSTOR]]
*Poppelwell, Georgia. [https://www.caribbean-beat.com/issue-22/chutney-phenomenon#axzz5UqbrfxCD "The Chutney Phenomenon."] Caribbean Beat Magazine. (1996)
*Sriskandarajah, Ike. [https://www.npr.org/2015/11/04/454692325/indian-folk-music-brought-to-trinidad-looks-for-fans-outside-the-caribbean Indian Folk Music Brought To Trinidad Looks For Fans Outside The Caribbean]. [[National Public Radio|NPR]]. (2015).

((Calypso music))
((Folk music|state=collapsed))
((Authority control))

[[Category:Chutney music]]
[[Category:Trinidad and Tobago styles of music]]
[[Category:Guyanese music]]
[[Category:Indo-Caribbean culture]]
[[Category:Folk music genres]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Chutney music (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Calypso music (edit)
Template:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Cleanup (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Color (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:DMC (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:DMCA (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Dated maintenance category (articles) (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:FULLROOTPAGENAME (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Folk music (edit)
Template:Hlist (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Infobox music genre (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:More footnotes needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Multiple issues (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Multiple issues/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Music of Trinidad and Tobago (edit)
Template:Music of sidebar (view source) (semi-protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Ns has subpages (view source) (protected)
Template:Original research (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:SDcat (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:SUBJECTSPACE formatted (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Short description (view source) (protected)
Template:Short description/lowercasecheck (view source) (protected)
Template:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Template other (view source) (protected)
Template:Use Trinidad and Tobago English (edit)
Template:Use Trinidadian English (edit)
Template:Use dmy dates (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Disambiguation/templates (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Infobox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:InfoboxImage (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:List (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Ns has subpages (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Pagetype/disambiguation (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype/setindex (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Pagetype/softredirect (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:SDcat (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Sidebar/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:TableTools (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Wikitext Parsing (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Chutney music.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chutney_music"