You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.195.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 09:46, 11 January 2025.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 January 2025
Your current IP address is 44.195.68.6. The blocked range is 44.195.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((More citations needed|date=June 2015))
The '''Cisalpine Club''' was an association of [[Roman Catholic]] [[layman|laymen]] formed in England in the 1790s to promote [[Cisalpinism]], and played a role in the public debate surrounding the progress of [[Catholic Emancipation]].

== Overview ==

The principles of Cisalpinism represented a reaction against the attitude hitherto traditional among Roman Catholics, which seems to have begun about the time of the death of [[James Francis Edward Stuart]], the "Old Pretender", in January 1766. Up to then they had been staunch [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]], and had looked to the restoration of the [[House of Stuart|Stuarts]] as the only chance for a revival of their faith. About this time, however, by what [[Joseph Berington]] called "one of those singular revolutions for which no cause can be assigned",<ref>[[Joseph Berington]], ''State and Behaviour of English Catholics in 1780'', p.134</ref> they gave up their former political aspirations, and accepted the reigning [[House of Hanover]].<ref name=Ward>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03780a.htm  Ward, Bernard. "Cisalpine Club." The Catholic Encyclopedia] Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 11 January 2019</ref>

One likely cause was that from January 1766 the Papacy did not recognise James's heir [[Charles Edward Stuart|Charles]] as a sovereign, which disconnected Catholicism from the Jacobite movement. Part of this reaction was a suspicion of the wisdom of their ecclesiastical rulers, who, they became convinced, had adopted in the past a needlessly strict attitude, opposed to English national aspirations and which (they contended) had been dictated by the Court of Rome.<ref name=Ward/> Bishop [[John Stonor (bishop)|John Talbot Stonor]], Vicar Apostolic of the Midland District, did much to persuade Catholics to accept the Hanoverian monarchy.

==Catholic Committee==
They reverted to the [[Oath of Allegiance (1606)|Oath of Allegiance]] of the reign of [[James I of England|King James I]], which they declared themselves willing to take, while some even maintained that the [[Oath of Supremacy]] could be interpreted in a sense not inconsistent with the Roman Catholic faith. These were the principles which animated the Catholic Committee (1782–92) in its struggle for [[Catholic emancipation]]. The two chief leaders were [[Robert Petre, 9th Baron Petre|Lord Petre]] and Sir John Throckmorton, both members of old [[recusancy|recusant]] families, who had suffered much in times past under the Penal Laws. They had the active assistance of [[Charles Butler (lawyer)|Charles Butler]], a lawyer, who acted as secretary to the committee. The greater number (though by no means all) of the Catholic aristocracy, who in those days were the practical supporters of religion, sympathized with them and, in a modified degree, some of the [[clergy]], especially in London. One bishop, [[Charles Berington]], was on their side, and [[Joseph Wilkes|Father Joseph Wilkes]], O.S.B., who was a member of the committee, went to great lengths in supporting them. [[James Talbot (priest)|Dr James Talbot]], [[Vicar Apostolic]] of the London District from 1781 to 1790, also allowed his name to be added and showed a weakness in opposing them which he regretted on his death-bed, and which made the task of his successor, Dr Douglass (1790–1812), a difficult one.<ref name=Ward/>

Towards the end of the year 1788, [[Charles Stanhope, 3rd Earl Stanhope|Lord Stanhope]], an [[Anglicanism|Anglican]], desiring to help the committee, and believing that their supposed [[Ultramontanism|Ultramontane]] principles, and in particular their accredited belief in the [[deposing power of the pope]], were the chief obstacles in their way, drew out a "Protestation" disclaiming these in unmeasured language. The committee adopted the Protestation and early in the following year called upon all Catholics to sign it. Butler admits that it was only with some difficulty that the bishops were induced to sign; but they did. Two of the bishops afterwards revoked their signatures and Milner, who was one of those who had signed, took an active part in opposing the committee.

== Relief ==
The result of their labours was the [[Roman Catholic Relief Act 1791]].  In the first draft there had been an "Oath of Declaration, Protestation and Allegiance", based on the Protestation of 1789, but going to even greater lengths.  This oath was definitely condemned by the bishops, led by [[Charles Walmesley]], in 1789 and 1791.  After a sharp conflict it was removed from the bill during its passage through Parliament, and the Irish Oath of 1774 substituted.  As the act in its final state failed to embody the principles of the Protestation, a new society was formed to perpetuate these, under the title of '''The Cisalpine Club'''.  Others besides the members of the Catholic Committee were invited to join the club. The declared object of the club was "...to resist any ecclesiastical interference, which may militate against the freedom of English Catholics."<ref name=jwa>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UwtKAAAAMAAJ&dq=Cisalpine+Club&pg=PA196 Amherst, William J., ''The History of Catholic Emancipation and the Progress of the Catholic Church in the British Isles'', vol. I, K. Paul Trench & Company, 1886, p. 194]</ref> Dissatisfied with the club's failure to come to an amicable relationship with the apostolic vicars, a few prominent members split off to form the '''Roman Catholic Club'''.<ref name=Andrews>[https://books.google.com/books?id=yx4EAAAAQAAJ&dq=Cisalpine+Club&pg=PA333 "some Account of the Proceedings of the Cisalpines", ''The Orthodox journal and Catholic monthly intelligencer'', (William Eusebius Andrews, ed.) 1818, p. 332]</ref>

The membership usually numbered between forty and fifty.  They met four or five times a year, during the London season, each meeting being preceded by a dinner. At a meeting in the latter part of 1795, no business was entered in the minutes other than to authorize the secretary to lay in a hogshead of claret.<ref name=Amherst>[https://books.google.com/books?id=VBMJAQAAIAAJ&dq=Cisalpine+Club&pg=PA337 Amherst S.J., W.J., "The Minute book of the Cisalpine Club", ''The Dublin Review'', Vol. 112, (Nicholas Patrick Wiseman, ed.), W. Spooner, 1893, p. 321]((PD-notice))</ref>

At first they took an active part in Catholic affairs, though consistently disclaiming any representative character. In several ways they succeeded in guarding Catholic interests, and by their influence [[St Mary's College, Oscott|a school was established at Oscott]], directed by a governing body of laymen though the headmaster was a priest, appointed by the bishop.  After a few years, however, the Cisalpine Club ceased to perform any active work, and developed into a mere dining club. As the membership increased, it seems their Cisalpine principles diminished. It soon ceased to act all a body having any influence in Catholic affairs.<ref name=jwa/>

At the beginning the bishops had naturally viewed it askance, although its members were often the chief supporters of Catholic charities. A meeting held in March 1796 took up a collection for destitute French emigres in London.<ref name=Amherst/>  A motion was passed in May 1801: "It was ordered that whenever the usual day of meeting of the club shall be a fast day, the secretary shall appoint the following Tuesday for the meeting of the club."<ref name=Amherst/> As there was no provision in the club's rules to expel a member, in 1808, in order to exclude a particular individual the members all agreed to withdraw their names from membership and reconvene later as a newly constituted group. However, the person they would oust laid claim, as the sole member left of the soon to be defunct organization, to the club's assets, which consisted of whatever wine still remained in the cellar.<ref name=Andrews/>

As time went on, their Cisalpine tendencies became less and less marked, and they got on good terms with Bishop [[William Poynter]] (1803–1826), who only regretted the name of the club. [[Daniel O'Connell]] had been proposed for membership, but at the May 1829 meeting was [[Blackballing|blackballed]], because of an apparent slight to the English Catholic Association.<ref name=Amherst/> Soon after the passing of the [[Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829]] the members re-formed themselves into a new club in 1830, which they called the "Emancipation Club", and which continued for seventeen more years before finally dissolving.

==See also==
* [[Thomas Weld (of Lulworth)]]
* [[John Milner (bishop)|John Milner]]

==Notes==
((reflist))

==References==
((Catholic|wstitle=Cisalpine Club))

[[Category:Defunct clubs and societies of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:History of Catholicism in England]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Cisalpine Club (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Catholic (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Catholic Encyclopedia (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite Catholic Encyclopedia (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite encyclopedia (view source) (protected)
Template:Cite wikisource/make link (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:PD-notice (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Source-attribution (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Template wrapper (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Cisalpine Club.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisalpine_Club"