The Book of Joshua lists almost 400 ancient Levantine city names (including alternative names and derivatives in the form of words describing citizens of a town) which refer to over 300 distinct locations in Israel, the West Bank, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. Each of those cities, with minor exceptions (e.g. Hamath, Gubla) is placed in one of the 12 regions, according to the tribes of Israel and in most cases additional details like neighbouring towns or geographical landmarks are provided. It has been serving as one of the primary sources for identifying and locating a number of Middle Bronze to Iron Age Levantine cities mentioned in ancient Egyptian and Canaanite documents, most notably in the Amarna correspondence.

The list of cities and suggested locations

City name References in the Hebrew Bible Location Notes
Hebrew Transliteration[1] English Strong's Nr Joshua All Tribe / Region Modern[2]
אבץ ʾbṣ Abez, Ebez H0077 Joshua 19:20 1 Issachar
אדם ʾdm Adam H0121 Joshua 3:16 1 ? (Located by the Jordan, near Zaretan, far from Jericho)
אדמה ʾdmh Adamah H0128 Joshua 19:36 1 Naphtali (a fortified city)
אדמי ʾdmy Adami H0129 Joshua 19:33 1 Naphtali
אדמים ʾdmym Adummim H0131 Joshua 15:7; 18:17 2 ? Judah? (a point of reference in describing the northern border of Judah and the southern border of Benjamin while mentioning Gilgal/Geliloth)
אדרה ʾdrh Adar, Addar H0146 Joshua 15:3 1 Judah (southern border; to the east of Hezron and Kadesh-Barnea)
אדרעי ʾdrʿy Edrei [of Naphtali] H0154 Joshua 19:37 1 Naphtali (a fortified city)
אדרעי ʾdrʿy Edrei [of Manasseh] H0154 Joshua 12:4; 13:12.31 7 Manasseh (east of Jordan, in Bashan) ? Der'a[3][4] 36°05′40″N 32°36′26″E / 36.09444°N 32.60722°E / 36.09444; 32.60722;[5] Izra?[3]
אזנות תבור ʾznwt tbwr Aznoth-Tabor H0243 Joshua 19:34 1 Naphtali (to the west of the Jordan river)
אילון ʾylwn Elon, Ajalon [of Dan 2] H0356 Joshua [10:12?;] 19:43 1 Dan
אילון ʾylwn Ajalon [of Dan 1] H0357 Joshua 10:12; 19:42; 21:24 10 Dan (a levitical city) ? Yalo, Khirbet Yalu[6]: 213–4 [7] 31°50′31″N 35°01′31″E / 31.84194°N 35.02528°E / 31.84194; 35.02528;[8]: 342  Tell Qiqa/Qoqa[6]: 213–4 [7] 31°50′23″N 35°01′25″E / 31.83972°N 35.02361°E / 31.83972; 35.02361[9]: 536 
אכזיב ʾkzyb Achzib [of Judah] H0392 Joshua 15:44 2 Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha)
אכזיבה ʾkzybh Achzib [of Asher], Achzibah H0392 Joshua 19:29 2 Asher (eastern border between Tyre and Achzib)
אכשף ʾkšp Achshaph H0407 Joshua 11:1; 12:20; 19:25 3 Asher (not very far from Hazor, Madon and Shimrom)
אלון ʾlwn Allon H0438 Joshua 19:33 1 Naphtali
אלמלך ʾlmlk Alammelech H0487 Joshua 19:26 1 Asher
אלף, האלף (h)ʾlp Eleph, Ha-Eleph H0507 Joshua 18:28 1 Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem)
אלתולד ʾltwld Eltolad H0513 Joshua 15:30; 19:4 2 Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
אלתקה ʾltqh Eltekeh H0514 Joshua 19:44; 21:23 2 Dan (a levitical city) ? Khirbet el-Mukenna'; Tell esh-Shalaf = Eltekon (H0515, Judah's) ?
אלתקן ʾltqn Eltekon H0515 Joshua 15:59 1 Judah (no important cities) = Eltekeh (H0514, Dan's) ?
אמם ʾmm Amam H0538 Joshua 15:26 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
אנחרת ʾnḥrt Anaharath H0588 Joshua 19:19 1 Issachar
אפק ʾpq Aphek, Aphik H0663 Joshua 12:18; 13:4; 19:30 9? Asher (south-western coastal territory of Asher) ? Tell Kurdana/ Qurdana[10]: 85  32°50′41″N 35°06′31″E / 32.84472°N 35.10861°E / 32.84472; 35.10861[10]: 99, 103 [11]
אפקה ʾpqh Aphekah H0664 Joshua 15:53 1 Judah (important cities: Hebron)
ארב ʾrb Arab H0694 Joshua 15:52 1 Judah (important cities: Hebron)
ארכי, הארכי (h)ʾrky Archi, Ha-Archi[12] H0757 Joshua 16:2 7 Ephraim (southern border, Ataroth region between Bethel and the lower Beth-Horon) ? Ein 'Arik[13] An inhabitant of a city of a similar name or members of a clan
אשדוד ʾšdwd Ashdod H0795 Joshua 11:22; 15:46.47 17 [22][14] Judah (by the sea; important cities: Ekron, Ashdod, Gaza) Tell Ashdod (near Ashdod) 31°45′21″N 34°39′29″E / 31.75583°N 34.65806°E / 31.75583; 34.65806[9]: 229–230 
אשדודי ʾšdwdy Ashdothite, Ashdodite[12] H0796 Joshua 13:3 5 Judah see Ashdod (H0795) An inhabitant of Ashdod (H0795)
אשנה ʾšnh Ashnah [of Judah 1] H0823 Joshua 15:33 1 Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)
אשנה ʾšnh Ashnah [of Judah 2] H0823 Joshua 15:43 1 Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha)
אשען ʾšʿn Eshean H0824 Joshua 15:52 1 Judah (important cities: Hebron)
אשקלונ ʾšqlwn Ashkelon[15] H0831 - 12 [13][14] Judah ? (one of the main Philistine cities) Tell Ashkelon 31°39′45″N 34°32′52″E / 31.66250°N 34.54778°E / 31.66250; 34.54778[9]: 231  Mentioned indirectly as Eshkalonite (H0832)
אשקלוני ʾšqlwny Eshkalonite[12] H0832 Joshua 13:3 1 Judah ? (one of the main Philistine cities) see Ashqelon (H0831) An inhabitant of Ashqelon (H0831)
אשר ʾšr Asher H0836 Joshua 17:7 2? Manasseh (not far? from Shechem) possibly not a city but the name of the Asher tribe
אשתאול ʾštʾwl Eshtaol H0847 Joshua 15:33; 19:41 7 Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah); Dan (border city between Dan and Judah?) ? Ishwa, Eshua[16] 31°46′50″N 35°00′42″E / 31.78056°N 35.01167°E / 31.78056; 35.01167[16]: 8 ; Khirbet Islin/ Eselin[16] 31°47′09″N 34°59′56″E / 31.78583°N 34.99889°E / 31.78583; 34.99889[16]: 8 ; Khirbet Deir/Dayr abu-Kabus, Tell Abu al-Qabus[16] 31°47′06″N 35°00′38″E / 31.78500°N 35.01056°E / 31.78500; 35.01056[16]: 8 ; Khirbet Deir Shubeib[16] 31°47′42″N 34°59′11″E / 31.79500°N 34.98639°E / 31.79500; 34.98639[16]: 8 ; Khirbet esh-Sheikh Ibrahim[16] 31°46′34″N 35°00′57″E / 31.77611°N 35.01583°E / 31.77611; 35.01583[16]: 8 ; Artuf[16] 31°46′04″N 35°00′08″E / 31.76778°N 35.00222°E / 31.76778; 35.00222[16]: 8 
אשתמה, אשתמע ʾštmh, ʾštmʿ Eshtemoh, Eshtemoa H0851 Joshua 15:50; 21:14 4 Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen; a levitical city) As-Samu[17] 31°24′03″N 35°04′02″E / 31.40083°N 35.06722°E / 31.40083; 35.06722
בארות bʾrwt Beeroth H0881 Joshua 9:17; 18:25 5 Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem; a city of Gibeonites alongside Gibeon, Chephirah and Kirjath-jearim)
באר שבע bʾr šbʿ Beer-Sheba H0884 Joshua 15:28; 19:2 34 Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) Tell es-Seba (near Beersheba) 31°14′41″N 34°50′27″E / 31.24472°N 34.84083°E / 31.24472; 34.84083
לבוא חמת lbwʾ ḥmt Lebo-Hamath H0935 + H2574 Joshua 13:5 11 Naphtali?, Manasseh? ? Tell Labweh (near Labweh) 34°11′51″N 36°20′32″E / 34.19750°N 36.34222°E / 34.19750; 36.34222[9]: 372–3  Possibly not a city but a geographical location
בזיותיה bzywtyh Bizjothjah H0964 Joshua 15:28 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
בטן bṭn Beten H0991 Joshua 19:25 1 Asher
בטנים bṭnym Betonim H0993 Joshua 13:26 1 Gad (east of Jordan)
בית און byt ʾwn Beth-Aven H1007 Joshua 7:2; 18:12 7 Benjamin ? (northern border of Benjamin's territory, between Jericho and Luz; near Ai, to the east of Bethel) ? Khirbet el-Maqatir[18]: 212  31°54′55″N 35°15′01″E / 31.91528°N 35.25028°E / 31.91528; 35.25028;[18]: 212  Beitin[18]: 224–228  31°55′36″N 35°14′23″E / 31.92667°N 35.23972°E / 31.92667; 35.23972;[18]: 207  et-Tell[18]: 222–3  31°55′01″N 35°15′41″E / 31.91694°N 35.26139°E / 31.91694; 35.26139;[18]: 205  Khirbet Nisieh[19] 31°53′48″N 35°13′45″E / 31.89667°N 35.22917°E / 31.89667; 35.22917;[20]: 23  formerly identified with: Khirbet Haiyan[18]: 222  31°54′15″N 35°16′10″E / 31.90417°N 35.26944°E / 31.90417; 35.26944;[18]: 222  Deir Dibwan[18]: 222  31°54′38″N 35°16′17″E / 31.91056°N 35.27139°E / 31.91056; 35.27139;[18]: 222  Burg Beitin[18]: 222  31°55′21″N 35°14′43″E / 31.92250°N 35.24528°E / 31.92250; 35.24528;[18]: 222  Burqa[18]: 223  31°53′46″N 35°15′15″E / 31.89611°N 35.25417°E / 31.89611; 35.25417;[18]: 223  Tell Maryam[18]: 223  31°52′10″N 35°16′06″E / 31.86944°N 35.26833°E / 31.86944; 35.26833;[18]: 223  Khirbet Tell el-'Askar[18]: 223  31°52′49″N 35°16′52″E / 31.88028°N 35.28111°E / 31.88028; 35.28111[18]: 223 
ביתאל bytʾl Bethel H1008 Joshua 7:2; 8:9.12.17; 12:9.16; 16:1-2; 18:13.22 72 Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho; southern border of Ephraim's territory, not far from Jericho; west of Beth-Aven and Ai; beside Ai; northern border of Benjamin's territory between Beth-Aven and Ataroth-Adar) ? Beitin 31°55′37″N 35°14′19″E / 31.92694°N 35.23861°E / 31.92694; 35.23861; Ras et-Tahuneh[18]: 205 [21] (in Al-Bireh) 31°54′30″N 35°12′44″E / 31.90833°N 35.21222°E / 31.90833; 35.21222 = Luz (H3870)
בית בעל מעון, בית מעון byt bʿl mʿwn, byt mʿwn Beth-Baal-Meon, Beth-Meon H1010 Joshua 13:17 2 Reuben (east of Jordan)
ביתדגון bytdgwn Beth-Dagon [of Judah] H1016 Joshua 15:41 1 Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)
ביתדגון bytdgwn Beth-Dagon [of Asher] H1016 Joshua 19:27 1 Asher (between Carmel and the valley of Jipthah-El, close to Zebulun's territory)
בית הישמות byt (h)yšmwt Beth-Jeshimoth, Beth-Ha-Jeshimoth H1020 Joshua 12:3; 13:20 4 Reuben (east of Jordan) Sweimeh, Jordan[22] 31°45′57.9″N 35°35′56.1″E / 31.766083°N 35.598917°E / 31.766083; 35.598917
ביתהמרכבות byt(h)mrkbwt Beth-Marcaboth, Beth-Ha-Marcaboth H1024 Joshua 19:5 2 Simeon within Judah (listed between Hormah, Ziklag and Hazar-Susah, Beth-Lebaoth) = Madmannah (H4086) ?
בית העמק byt (h)ʿmq Beth-Emek, Beth-Ha-Emek H1025 Joshua 19:27 1 Asher (near the valley of Jipthah-El, close to Zebulun's territory)
בית הערבה byt (h)ʿrbh Beth-Arabah, Beth-Ha-Arabah [of Judah] H1026 Joshua 15:61 1 Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi) = Beth-Arabah [of Benjamin] (H1026) ?
בית הערבה byt (h)ʿrbh Beth-Arabah, Beth-Ha-Arabah [of Benjamin] H1026 Joshua 15:6; 18:22 2 Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho; northern border of Judah, close to Beth-Hoglah and the Jordan river) = Beth-Arabah [of Judah] (H1026) ?
בית הרם byt hrm Beth-Aram, Beth-Haram H1027 Joshua 13:27 1 Gad (east of Jordan)
ביתחגלה bytḥglh Beth-Hoglah H1031 Joshua 15:6; 18:19.21 3 Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho; southern border of Benjamin and northern border of Judah; closest to the Jordan river) ? Deir Hajla area:[23] 'Ain Ḥajla[24] 31°49′41″N 35°30′44″E / 31.82806°N 35.51222°E / 31.82806; 35.51222 (optionally Dir Hg'la 31°49′23″N 35°30′26″E / 31.82306°N 35.50722°E / 31.82306; 35.50722 or Deir Hijleh 31°49′13″N 35°30′05″E / 31.82028°N 35.50139°E / 31.82028; 35.50139)[25]
בית חורן עליון byt ḥwrn ʿlywn Beth-Horon the upper H1032 + H5945 Joshua (10:10-11?;) 16:5; (21:22?) 11 or 4 Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, not far from Ataroth-Addar; a levitical city?) Beit 'Ur al-Fawqa[26] 31°53′09″N 35°06′51″E / 31.88583°N 35.11417°E / 31.88583; 35.11417
בית חורן תחתון byt ḥwrn tḥtwn Beth-Horon the lower H1032 + H8481 Joshua (10:10-11?;) 16:3; 18:13-14; (21:22?) 13 or 6 Ephraim (southern border, between Bethel, Ataroth and Gezer; northern border of Benjamin's territory between Luz-Bethel, Ataroth-Adar and Kiriath-Jearim; a levitical city?) Beit Ur al-Tahta[26] 31°53′42″N 35°05′01″E / 31.89500°N 35.08361°E / 31.89500; 35.08361
בית לבאות byt lbʾwt Beth-Lebaoth H1034 Joshua 19:6 1 Simeon within Judah (listed after Hormah, Ziklag and before Ain, Rimmon) = Lebaoth (H3822) ?
בית לחם byt lḥm Bethlehem [of Zebulun] H1035 Joshua 19:15 1? Zebulun
בית נמרה byt nmrh Beth-Nimrah H1039 Joshua 13:27 2 Gad (east of Jordan)
ביתענות bytʿnwt Beth-Anoth H1042 Joshua 15:59 1 Judah (no important cities)
ביתענת bytʿnt Beth-Anath H1043 Joshua 19:38 3 Naphtali (a fortified city; not far from Beth-Shemesh)
בית פלט byt plṭ Beth-Pelet H1046 Joshua 15:27 2 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
בית פעור byt pʿwr Beth-Peor H1047 Joshua 13:20 4 Reuben (east of Jordan)
בית פצץ byt pṣṣ Beth-Pazzez H1048 Joshua 19:21 1 Issachar
ביתצור bytṣwr Beth-Zur H1049 Joshua 15:58 2? Judah (no important cities) Khirbet et-Tubeiqa 31°35′00″N 35°06′00″E / 31.58333°N 35.1°E / 31.58333; 35.1
ביתשאן bytšʾn Beth-Shean H1052 Joshua 17:11.16 9 Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher) Tell Beisan, Tell el-Husn[27] 32°30′16″N 35°30′11″E / 32.50444°N 35.50306°E / 32.50444; 35.50306[28]
ביתשמש bytšmš Beth-Shemesh [of Judah] H1053 Joshua 15:10; 21:16 16 Judah (northern border, between Kirjath-Jearim and Timnah; a levitical city) Tell er-Rumeileh (near Beit Shemesh) 31°45′03″N 34°58′31″E / 31.75083°N 34.97528°E / 31.75083; 34.97528[9]: 256–7 
ביתשמש bytšmš Beth-Shemesh [of Issachar] H1053 Joshua 19:22 1 Issachar? = Beth-Szemesh [of Naphtali] (H1053) ?
ביתשמש bytšmš Beth-Shemesh [of Naphtali] H1053 Joshua 19:38 3 Naphtali (a fortified city)
ביתתפוח byttpwḥ Beth-Tappuah H1054 Joshua 15:53 1 Judah (important cities: Hebron) Taffuh[29] 31°32′21″N 35°3′11″E / 31.53917°N 35.05306°E / 31.53917; 35.05306
בלה blh Balah H1088 Joshua 19:3 1 Simeon within Judah = Baalah (H1173) ?
במות בעל, במות bmwt bʿl, bmwt Bamoth-Baal, Bamoth H1120 Joshua 13:17 4 Reuben (east of Jordan)
בניברק bnybrq Bene-Berak H1139 Joshua 19:45 1 Dan
בעל גד bʿl gd Baal-Gad H1171 Joshua 11:17; 12:7; 13:5 3 Manasseh?, Naphtali? (in the valley of Lebanon under Mount Hermon, on the west side of the Jordan river)
בעלה bʿlh Baalah [of Judah 1] H1173 Joshua 15:9.10 3 Judah (northern border between Jerusalem and Beth-Shemesh) see Kiriath-Jearim (H7157) = Kiriath-Jearim (H7157)
בעלה bʿlh Baalah [of Judah 2] H1173 Joshua 15:29 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) = Balah (H1088, Simeon's) ?
בעלות bʿlwt Bealoth H1175 Joshua 15:24 2 or 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
בעלת bʿlt Baalath H1191 Joshua 19:44 3 Dan
בעלת באר bʿlt bʾr Baalath-Beer H1192 Joshua 19:8 1 Simeon (within Judah?, in the Negev?)
בעשתרה bʿštrh Beesh-Terah H1203 Joshua 21:27 1 Manasseh (east of the Jordan river; a levitical city)
בצקת bṣqt Bozkath H1218 Joshua 15:39 2 Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)
בצר bṣr Bezer H1221 Joshua 20:8; 21:36 4 Reuben (on the east side of the Jordan; not far from Jericho?; a city of refuge; a levitical city)
בתול btwl Bethul H1329 Joshua 19:4 1 Simeon within Judah (listed between Azem, Eltolad and Hormah, Ziklag) = Chesil (H3686) ?
גבל gbl Gebal[15] H1380 - 1 [3][14] Asher ? Mentioned indirectly as Giblite (H1382)
גבלי gbly Giblite, Gebalite[12] H1382 Joshua 13:5 2 Asher ? see Gebal/Gubla (H1380) An inhabitant of Gebal/Gubla (H1380)
גבע gbʿ Geba, Gaba H1387 Joshua 18:24; 21:17 18 Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho; a levitical city) ? Jaba'[30] (near Jerusalem) 31°51′27″N 35°15′40″E / 31.85750°N 35.26111°E / 31.85750; 35.26111?
גבעה gbʿh Gibeah [of Judah] H1390 Joshua 15:57 43 or 1 Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah) = Gibeah [of Benjamin] (H1390) ?
גבעון gbʿwn Gibeon H1391 Joshua 9:3.17; 10:1-2.4-6.10.12.41; 11:19; 18:25; 21:17 37 Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem; a levitical city; a city of Gibeonites alongside Chephirah, Beeroth and Kirjath-jearim; a big city, yet not a royal city of Canaanites) Al Jib 31°50′52″N 35°10′59″E / 31.84778°N 35.18306°E / 31.84778; 35.18306
גבעת gbʿt Gibeath H1394 Joshua 18:28 1 Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem) ?Giv'at Ye'arim[31] 31°47′14.47″N 35°5′20.25″E / 31.7873528°N 35.0889583°E / 31.7873528; 35.0889583 = Gibeah [of Benjamin] (H1390) ?
גבתון gbtwn Gibbethon H1405 Joshua 19:44; 21:23 6 Dan (a levitical city) ? Tall Mlat, Tell el-Melat, Tel Malot[32]: 182  31°51′23″N 34°51′55″E / 31.85639°N 34.86528°E / 31.85639; 34.86528;[33] Ras Abu Hamid/Humeid31°54′12″N 34°53′28″E / 31.90333°N 34.89111°E / 31.90333; 34.89111;[6]: 149 [32]: 182  formerly identified with Gibbiah, Kibbiah, Qibya[34] 31°58′36″N 35°00′42″E / 31.97667°N 35.01167°E / 31.97667; 35.01167[35]
גדר gdr Geder H1445 Joshua 12:13 1 ? Judah? (listed between Gezer, Debir and Hormah, Arad) = Gedor (H1446)?, = Gederah (H1449)?, = Gederoth (H1450)?
גדור gdwr Gedor H1446 Joshua 15:58 3 Judah (no important cities)
גדרה (h)gdrh Gederah, Ha-Gederah H1449 Joshua 15:36 2 Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)
גדרות gdrwt Gederoth H1450 Joshua 15:41 2 Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)
גדרתים gdrtym Gederothaim H1453 Joshua 15:36 1 Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)
גלון, גולן glwn, gwln Golan H1474 Joshua 20:8; 21:27 4 Manasseh (in Bashan, east of the Jordan river; a city of refuge; a levitical city)
גזר gzr Gezer H1507 Joshua 10:33; 12:12; 16:3.10; 21:21 15 Ephraim (southern border city closest to the Mediterranean Sea; a levitical city; not far from Lachish) Tell el-Jezer (near Karmei Yosef) 31°51′34″N 34°55′12″E / 31.85944°N 34.92000°E / 31.85944; 34.92000
גלגל, הגלגל (h)glgl Gilgal 1 [of Judah?] H1537 Joshua 4:19-20; 5:9-10; 9:6; 10:6-7.9.15.43; 14:6; 15:7 40? ? Judah? (a point of reference in describing the northern border of Judah between Debir and Jerusalem, not far from the Jordan river, not far from Jericho - "on the eastern border of Jericho", "on the wilderness of Jericho"; mentioned alongside Adummim; all night's march distance from Gibeon) ? Tell/Khirbet el-Mafjar/Mefjir[6]: 269 [36][37] (in Jericho) 31°52′30″N 35°27′54″E / 31.87500°N 35.46500°E / 31.87500; 35.46500[38]; Ṣuwwanet eth-Thaniya/Jiser Abu Ghabush[36] (in Jericho) 31°52′55″N 35°27′23″E / 31.88194°N 35.45639°E / 31.88194; 35.45639;[39] Nitla, Khirbet en-/Tell Jaljul (Galgala), Tell Jeljul, Birket Jiljulieh[40] (in Jericho) 31°51′06″N 35°29′17″E / 31.85167°N 35.48806°E / 31.85167; 35.48806[41]; Gilgal Argaman 32°09′40″N 35°30′45″E / 32.16111°N 35.51250°E / 32.16111; 35.51250 = Geliloth (H1553) ?; Gilgal 2 (H1537) ?
גלגל glgl Gilgal 2 [of ?] H1537 Joshua 12:23 1? ? (a king of this place was defeated by Joshua, it is listed between Jokneam of Carmel, Dor and Tirzah) ? Jaljulia 32°09′13″N 34°57′06″E / 32.15361°N 34.95167°E / 32.15361; 34.95167?; Jiljilia 32°01′39″N 35°13′11″E / 32.02750°N 35.21972°E / 32.02750; 35.21972? = Gilgal 1 (H1537) ?
גלה glh Giloh H1542 Joshua 15:51 2 Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen)
glylwt Geliloth H1553 Joshua 18:17 1 ? Judah? (a point of reference in describing the southern border of Benjamin between Jerusalem and Beth-Hoglah, not far from the Jordan river; mentioned alongside Adummim) = Gilgal (H1537) ?
גשן gšn Goshen H1657 Joshua (10:41?; 11:16?;) 15:51 3? Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen)
גת gt Gath H1661 Joshua 11:22 33 [43][14] Judah ? (one of the main Philistine cities) ? Tell es-Safi (near Luzit) 31°41′59″N 34°50′49″E / 31.69972°N 34.84694°E / 31.69972; 34.84694; Tell 'Areini (near Kiryat Gat) 31°36′42″N 34°47′07″E / 31.61167°N 34.78528°E / 31.61167; 34.78528; Tell Hamid, Ras Abu Humeid (near Ramla) 31°54′11″N 34°53′28″E / 31.90306°N 34.89111°E / 31.90306; 34.89111; Tell en-Nejileh, Tel Nagila (between Ahuzam and Beit Kama) 31°30′08″N 34°45′28″E / 31.50222°N 34.75778°E / 31.50222; 34.75778
גתה חפר gth ḥpr Gittah-Hepher H1662 Joshua 19:13 2 Zebulun (Zebulun's eastern? border, not far from Japhia)
גתי gty Gittite[12] H1663 Joshua 13:3 10 Judah ? (one of the main Philistine cities) see Gath (H1661) An inhabitant of Gath (H1661)
גתרמון gtrmwn Gath-Rimmon [of Dan] H1667 Joshua 19:45; 21:24 3 Dan (a levitical city) ? Tel Gerisa, Tell Jerisheh; Tell Abu Zeitun
גתרמון gtrmwn Gath-Rimmon [of Manasseh] H1667 Joshua 21:25 1 Manasseh (a levitical city; west of Jordan)
דבר dbr Debir [of Judah 1] H1688 Joshua 10:38-39; 11:21; 12:13; 15:15.49; 21:15 11? Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen; a levitical city) ? Khirbet Rabud[42][43] 31°25′57″N 35°00′54″E / 31.43250°N 35.01500°E / 31.43250; 35.01500;[9]: 446  Tell Beit Mirsim[44] 31°27′20″N 34°54′39″E / 31.45556°N 34.91083°E / 31.45556; 34.91083[9]: 251  = Kirjath-Sannah (H7158), = Kirjath-Sepher (H7158), = Debir [of Judah 2?] (H1688) ?
דבר dbr Debir [of Judah 2?] H1688 Joshua (10:38-39?; 11:21?; 12:13?;) 15:7; (21:15?;) 1? ? Judah? (a point of reference in describing the northern border of Judah between Gilgal and Beth-Arabah) = Debir [of Judah 1] (H1688) ?
דבר dbr Debir [of Gad] H1688 Joshua 13:26 1? Gad (east of Jordan) = Debir [of Judah 2] (H1688) ?
הדברת (h)dbrt Daberath, Ha-Daberath [of Zebulun] H1705 Joshua 19:12 1? Zebulun (Zebulun's southern? border, between Sarid, Chisloth-Tabor and Japhia) = Daberath [of Issahar] ?
דברת dbrt Daberath [of Issahar] H1705 Joshua 21:28 2? Issahar (a levitical city) Daburiyya[45] 32°41′31″N 35°22′18″E / 32.69194°N 35.37167°E / 32.69194; 35.37167 = Daberath [of Zebulun] ?
דבשת dbšt Dabbasheth H1708 Joshua 19:11 1 Zebulun (Zebulun's border, between Sarid, Maralah and Jokneam)
דומה dwmh Dumah H1746 Joshua 15:52 1? Judah (important cities: Hebron)
דאר dʾr Dor H1756 Joshua 11:2; 12:23; 17:11 7 Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher) ? Khirbet/Tell el-Burj[46] 32°36′59″N 34°54′59″E / 32.61639°N 34.91639°E / 32.61639; 34.91639[47]
דיבון dybwn Dibon H1769 Joshua 13:9.17 10? Reuben (east of Jordan) ? Tell Dhiban, Tall Dhiban[48] 31°30′06″N 35°46′37″E / 31.50167°N 35.77694°E / 31.50167; 35.77694[49]
דימונה dymwnh Dimonah H1776 Joshua 15:22 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
דלען dlʿn Dilean H1810 Joshua 15:38 1 Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)
דמנה dmnh Dimnah H1829 Joshua 21:35 1 Zebulun (a levitical city)
דן dn Dan H1835 Joshua 19:47 24 Dan (within Naphtali's territory?) Tell el-Qadi/Kadi (near Dan) 33°14′55″N 35°39′11″E / 33.24861°N 35.65306°E / 33.24861; 35.65306 = Leshem (H3959)
דנה dnh Dannah H1837 Joshua 15:49 1 Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen)
זיף zyp Ziph [of Judah 1] H2128 Joshua 15:24 1? Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) ? Khirbet ez-Zeifeh[50] 31°00′52″N 34°58′48″E / 31.01444°N 34.98000°E / 31.01444; 34.98000[50]
זיף zyp Ziph [of Judah 2] H2128 Joshua 15:55 8? Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah) ? Tell Zif[50][51] 31°28′27″N 35°07′34″E / 31.47417°N 35.12611°E / 31.47417; 35.12611[50]; Khribet Ziph[52] 31°28′31″N 35°08′06″E / 31.47528°N 35.13500°E / 31.47528; 35.13500[53]
זנוח znwḥ Zanoah 1, Shfela of Judah H2182 Joshua 15:34 4? Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah) Khirbet Zanûa on the ground of Moshav Zanoah[54] 31°43′55.91″N 34°59′57.12″E / 31.7321972°N 34.9992000°E / 31.7321972; 34.9992000
זנוח znwḥ Zanoah 2, Hill Country of Judah H2182 Joshua 15:56 1? Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah)
חברון ḥbrwn Hebron H2275 Joshua 10:3.5.23.36.39; 11:21; 12:10; 14:13-15; 15:13.54; 20:7; 21:11.13 63 Judah (important cities: Hebron; Caleb's inheritance, not far from Debir; a city of refuge; a levitical city for Kohathites; one of the cities in the Jerusalem coalition: Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon) Jabla al Rahama (in Hebron) 31°31′26″N 35°06′14″E / 31.52389°N 35.10389°E / 31.52389; 35.10389 = Kiriath-Arba (H7153)
חדשה ḥdšh Hadashah H2322 Joshua 15:37 1 Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)
חלן ḥln Holon H2473 Joshua 15:51; 21:15 2 Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen; a levitical city)
חלחול ḥlḥwl Halhul H2478 Joshua 15:58 1 Judah (no important cities) Halhul 31°34′44″N 35°05′57″E / 31.57889°N 35.09917°E / 31.57889; 35.09917
חלי ḥly Hali H2482 Joshua 19:25 1 Asher Tel Hali Ha-Ma'aravi[55]
חלף ḥlp Heleph H2501 Joshua 19:33 1 Naphtali
חלקת ḥlqt Helkath H2520 Joshua 19:25; 21:31 2 Asher (a levitical city)
חמון ḥmwn Hammon H2540 Joshua 19:28 2 or 1 Asher (northern border?)
חמטה ḥmṭh Humtah H2547 Joshua 15:54 1 Judah (important cities: Hebron)
חמת ḥmt Hamath [unassigned] H2574 Joshua 13:5 36 or 25 ? (north of Damascus) Hama Castle area (in Hama) 35°08′11″N 36°44′58″E / 35.13639°N 36.74944°E / 35.13639; 36.74944
חמת ḥmt Hammath [of Naphtali] H2575 Joshua 19:35 1 Naphtali (a fortified city) Hamat Tiberias[56] 32°46′6.51″N 35°32′54.43″E / 32.7684750°N 35.5484528°E / 32.7684750; 35.5484528 = Hammoth-Dor (H2576) ?
ḥmt dʾr Hammoth-Dor H2576 Joshua 21:32 1 Naphtali (a levitical city) = Hammath [of Naphtali] (H2575) ?
חנתן ḥntn Hannathon H2615 Joshua 19:14 1 Zebulun (Zabulun's northern border) Tel Hanaton 32°47′08″N 35°15′25″E / 32.78556°N 35.25694°E / 32.78556; 35.25694
חסה ḥsh Hosah H2621 Joshua 19:29 1 Asher (eastern border between Tyre and Achzib) Tell Rashidiyeh or Khirbet el-Hos,[57] today both in Lebanon, one S of Tyre, see here, the other SE of it, see here.
חפר ḥpr Hepher H2660 Joshua 12:17 2 or 1 ? (a king of this city was defeated by Joshua)
חפרים ḥprym Haphraim H2663 Joshua 19:19 1 Issachar
חצור ḥṣwr Hazor [of Judah 1] H2674 Joshua 15:23 1? Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
חצור ḥṣwr Hazor [of Judah 2] H2674 Joshua 15:25 1? Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) see Hezron (H2696) = Hezron (H2696), = Kerioth[-Hezron] (H7152) ?
חצור ḥṣwr Hazor [of Naphtali] H2674 Joshua 11:1.10-11.13; 12:19; 19:36 12 Naphtali (a fortified city) Tell el Qedah, Khirbet Waqqas 33°01′03″N 35°34′05″E / 33.01750°N 35.56806°E / 33.01750; 35.56806[9]: 328 
חצור חדתה ḥṣwr ḥdth Hazor Hadattah, Hazor-hadattah H2675 Joshua 15:25 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
חצר גדה ḥṣr gdh Hazar-Gaddah H2693 Joshua 15:27 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
חצרון ḥṣrwn (qrywt ḥṣrwn ?) Hezron H2696 Joshua 15:3.25 2 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; southern border, to the east of Kadesh-Barnea) = Hazor [of Judah 2] (H2674), = Kerioth[-Hezron] (H7152) ?
חצר סוסה ḥṣr swsh Hazar-Susah H2701 Joshua 19:5 1 Simeon within Judah (listed between Hormah, Ziklag, Beth-Marcaboth and Beth-Lebaoth) = Sansannah (H5578) ?
חצר שועל ḥṣr šwʿl Hazar-Shual H2705 Joshua 15:28; 19:3 4 Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
חוקקה ḥwqqh Hukkok H2712 Joshua 19:34 2 or 1 Naphtali (south-western corner? with Zebulun on the south, Asher on the west and Judah on Jordan towards the east?) ? Huqoq 32°53′5″N 35°28′44″E / 32.88472°N 35.47889°E / 32.88472; 35.47889
חרם ḥrm Horem H2765 Joshua 19:38 1 Naphtali (a fortified city)
חרמה ḥrmh Hormah H2767 Joshua 12:14; 15:30; 19:4 9 Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) ? Tell el-Milh, Tel Malhata[58] 31°13′02″N 35°01′33″E / 31.21722°N 35.02583°E / 31.21722; 35.02583;[59] Hirbet el-Mesas, Khirbet el-Meshash, Tel Masos[58] 31°13′00″N 34°58′00″E / 31.21667°N 34.96667°E / 31.21667; 34.96667;[60] Tell el-Khuweilifeh, Tel Halif[58][61] 31°22′58″N 34°51′59″E / 31.38278°N 34.86639°E / 31.38278; 34.86639[62]
חשבון ḥšbwn Heshbon H2809 Joshua 9:10; 12:2.5; 13:10.17.21.26-27; 21:39 38 Reuben, later Gad (east of Jordan, border between Reuben and Gad; a levitical city of Gad) Tell Ḥesbān (in Hisban) 31°48′03″N 35°48′32″E / 31.80083°N 35.80889°E / 31.80083; 35.80889
חשמון ḥšmwn Heshmon H2829 Joshua 15:27 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
טלם ṭlm Telem H2928 Joshua 15:24 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
יבוס ybws Jebus[15] H2982 - 4 [45][14] Benjamin, Judah see Jerusalem (H3389) = Jerusalem (H3389). Mentioned indirectly as Jebusi (H2983)
יבוסי, היבוסי (h)ybwsy Jebusi, Ha-Jebusi[12] H2983 Joshua 15:8; 18:16.28 41 Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem; northern border of Judah, southern border of Benjamin), Judah (eventually) see Jerusalem (H3389) = Jerusalem (H3389), also an inhabitant of Jebus (H2982)
יבלעם yblʿm Ibleam H2991 Joshua 17:11 3 Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher) ? Khirbet Belameh/ Bel'ameh/ Balameh, Sheikh Mansur[63][64] 32°26′45″N 35°17′29″E / 32.44583°N 35.29139°E / 32.44583; 35.29139;[9]: 241  Yubla, Khirbet Yebla[64] 32°34′33″N 35°28′10″E / 32.57583°N 35.46944°E / 32.57583; 35.46944[65]
יבנאל ybnʾl Jabneel [of Judah] H2995 Joshua 15:11 1 Judah (northern border, west or north-west of Ekron, between mount Baalah and the Mediterranean Sea) Tel Yavne[66] south of the modern village of Yavne 31°51′58″N 34°44′47″E / 31.86611°N 34.74639°E / 31.86611; 34.74639
יבנאל ybnʾl Jabneel [of Naphtali] H2995 Joshua 19:33 1 Naphtali
יגור ygwr Jagur H3017 Joshua 15:21 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
ידאלה ydʾlh Idalah H3030 Joshua 19:15 1 Zebulun
יהד yhd Jehud H3055 Joshua 19:45 1 Dan Tell Yehud (Tell Al-Yahudiya)[67] within the modern city od Yehud
יהצה yhṣh Jahaza, Jahaz H3096 Joshua 13:18; 21:36 9 Reuben (east of Jordan; a levitical city) ? Hirbet al-Mudayyina[68] 31°35′19″N 35°54′28″E / 31.58861°N 35.90778°E / 31.58861; 35.90778[68]; Hirbet Libb[68] 31°36′23″N 35°45′41″E / 31.60639°N 35.76139°E / 31.60639; 35.76139[68]; Galul, Tell Jalul[68] 31°43′10″N 35°51′21″E / 31.71944°N 35.85583°E / 31.71944; 35.85583[68]; Umm al-Walid[68] 31°38′47″N 35°53′42″E / 31.64639°N 35.89500°E / 31.64639; 35.89500[68]
יזרעאל yzrʿʾl Jezreel [of Judah] H3157 Joshua 15:56 2? Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah)
יזרעאל yzrʿʾl Jezreel [of Issachar] H3157 Joshua 17:16; 19:18 32? Issachar (near Manasseh's and Ephraim's territory) Tell Jezreel (near Yizre'el, Zir'in) 32°33′28″N 35°19′41″E / 32.55778°N 35.32806°E / 32.55778; 35.32806
יוטה ywṭh Juttah H3194 Joshua 15:55; 21:16 2 Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah; a levitical city)
ינוחה ynwḥh Janohah, Janoah H3239 Joshua 16:6-7 2 Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, between Taanath-Shiloh and Jericho)
ינים, ינום ynym, ynwm Janim, Janum H3241 Joshua 15:53 1 Judah (important cities: Hebron)
יעזר yʿzr Jazer H3270 Joshua 13:25; 21:39 13 Gad (east of Jordan; a levitical city) ? Khirbat Jazzir,[69] Hirbet Gazzir[70]: 140–141  (south of Al-Salt) 32°00′17″N 35°44′21″E / 32.00472°N 35.73917°E / 32.00472; 35.73917?;[71] Khirbet es-Sar[69][70]: 140  (west of Amman) 31°56′42″N 35°49′47″E / 31.94500°N 35.82972°E / 31.94500; 35.82972;[71][72] Khirbet es-Sireh[69][70]: 140  (west of Amman) 31°57′25″N 35°48′53″E / 31.95694°N 35.81472°E / 31.95694; 35.81472;[71][72] Yahuz/Yajuz/Yaguz[69][70]: 140  32°01′21″N 35°55′16″E / 32.02250°N 35.92111°E / 32.02250; 35.92111;[71] Kom Yahuz/Yajuz[69] 32°01′54″N 35°54′38″E / 32.03167°N 35.91056°E / 32.03167; 35.91056;[71] Khirbat al-Yadudeh[69][70]: 140  31°50′47″N 35°54′46″E / 31.84639°N 35.91278°E / 31.84639; 35.91278;[73][74] Beit Zerah, Hirbet Bet Zer'a;[69][70]: 140  Tell el-'Areme[70]: 141 
יפו ypw Japho H3305 Joshua 19:46 4 ? (border of Dan's territory ran to the south? of the city) Tell of Jaffa
יפיע ypyʿ Japhia H3309 Joshua 19:12 1 Zebulun (Zebulun's southern? border, between Chisloth-Tabor, Daberath and Gittah-Hepher)
יפלטי, היפלטי (h)yplṭy Japhleti, Ha-Japhleti[12] H3311 Joshua 16:3 1 Ephraim (southern border, between Bethel, Ataroth and the lower Beth-Horon) inhabitants of a city of a similar name or members of a clan
יפתח yptḥ Jiphtah, Jephthah H3316 Joshua 15:43 1 Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha)
יפתחאל yptḥʾl Jipthah-El [a valley] H3317 Joshua 19:14.27 2 Zebulun (border between Asher and Zebulun) a valley, but possibly also a city of the same name
יקדעם yqdʿm Jokdeam H3347 Joshua 15:56 1 Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah)
יקנעם yqnʿm Jokneam H3362 Joshua 12:22; 19:11; 21:34 3 Zebulun (Zebulun's border, north-western? corner; in Carmel; a levitical city) Tel Yokneam[75] in the northern part of the modern city of Yokneam Illit 32°39′51″N 35°06′6.3″E / 32.66417°N 35.101750°E / 32.66417; 35.101750
יקתאל yqtʾl Joktheel H3371 Joshua 15:38 1 Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)
יראון yrʾwn Iron H3375 Joshua 19:38 1 Naphtali (a fortified city)
ירושלם yrwšlm Jerusalem H3389 Joshua 10:1.3.5.23; 12:10; 15:8.63; 18:28 643 Benjamin (initially; group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem; northern border of Judah; not very far from Ai, Gibeon; one of the cities in the Jerusalem coalition: Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon), Judah (eventually) City of David[76]: 166  (in Jerusalem) 31°46′26″N 35°14′09″E / 31.77389°N 35.23583°E / 31.77389; 35.23583 = Jebusi (H2983)
יריחו yryḥw Jericho H3405 Joshua 2:1-3; 3:16; 4:13.19; 5:10.13; 6:1-2.25-26; 7:2; 8:2; 9:3; 10:1.28.30; 12:9; 16:1.7; 18:12.21; 20:8; 24:11 57 Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho; north-eastern border of Benjamin's territory; south-eastern border of Ephraim's territory; not far from the Jordan river) Tell es-Sultan[77][78][79] (in Jericho) 31°52′16″N 35°26′39″E / 31.87111°N 35.44417°E / 31.87111; 35.44417
ירמוח yrmwt Jarmuth [of Judah] H3412 Joshua 10:3.5.23; 12:11; 15:35 6 Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah; one of the cities in the Jerusalem coalition: Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon) ? Khirbet el-Yarmuk, Tel Yarmuth[80] 31°42′31″N 34°58′30″E / 31.70861°N 34.97500°E / 31.70861; 34.97500[81]
ירמוח yrmwt Jarmuth [of Issachar] H3412 Joshua 21:29 1 Issachar (a levitical city)
ירפאל yrpʾl Irpeel H3416 Joshua 18:27 1 Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem)
יתיר ytyr Jattir H3492 Joshua 15:48; 21:14 4 Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen; a levitical city)
יתלה ytlh Jethlah H3494 Joshua 19:42 1 Dan
יתנן ytnn Ithnan H3497 Joshua 15:23 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
כבול kbwl Cabul H3521 Joshua 19:27 1 Asher
כבון kbwn Cabbon H3522 Joshua 15:40 1 Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)
כנרת knrt Chinnereth H3672 Joshua (11:2?;) 19:35 3? Naphtali (a fortified city) Tel el-'Oreimeh (Arab.)/Tel Kinrot (hebr.)[82] (northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee)

32°51′38″N 35°30′26″E / 32.86056°N 35.50722°E / 32.86056; 35.50722

כסיל ksyl Chesil H3686 Joshua 15:30 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed between Azem, Eltolad and Hormah, Ziklag) = Bethul (H1329, Simeon's) ?
כסולת, הכסולת (h)kswlt Chesulloth H3694 Joshua 19:18 1 Issachar
כסלון kslwn Chesalon, Kesalon H3693 Joshua 15:10 2 Judah Tel Kesalon, just north of Moshav Kesalon[83][84]

31°46′26″N 35°2′58″E / 31.77389°N 35.04944°E / 31.77389; 35.04944

כסלת תבר kslt tbr Chisloth-Tabor H3696 Joshua 19:12 1 Zebulun (Zebulun's southern? border, not far from Sarid)
כפירה, הכפירה (h)kpyrh Chephirah, Ha-Chephirah H3716 Joshua 9:17; 18:26 4 Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem; a city of Gibeonites alongside Gibeon, Beeroth and Kirjath-jearim)
כפרהעמנה, כפרהעמני kpr(h)ʿmnh, kpr(h)ʿmny Chephar Ammoni, Kephar Ha-Ammoni H3726 Joshua 18:24 1 Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho)
כרמל krml Carmel [of Judah] H3760 Joshua 15:55 7 Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah) ? Khirbet el-Kirmil[85]: 433  31°25′21″N 35°07′52″E / 31.42250°N 35.13111°E / 31.42250; 35.13111[85]: 433 
כרמל krml Carmel [of Asher] H3760 Joshua 19:26 1 Asher possibly only a mountain and not a city
כתליש ktlyš Kithlish H3798 Joshua 15:40 1 Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)
לבאות lbʾwt Lebaoth H3822 Joshua 15:32 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed after Hormah, Ziklag and before Ain, Rimmon) = Beth-Lebaoth (H1034, Simeon's) ?
לבנה lbnh Libnah H3841 Joshua 10:29.31-32.39; 12:15; 15:42; 21:13 16 or 15 Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha; a levitical city; not far from Makkedah and Lachish) ? Tell Zeita[86][87]: 45–6  (near Gal On) 31°37′45″N 34°49′49″E / 31.62917°N 34.83028°E / 31.62917; 34.83028; Tell Burnat[87]: 45–6, 55–6  (near Beit Nir) 31°37′47″N 34°52′24″E / 31.62972°N 34.87333°E / 31.62972; 34.87333[88]
לוזה lwzh Luz H3870 Joshua 16:2; 18:13 7 Benjamin (southern border of Ephraim's territory and northern border of Benjamin's territory between Beth-Aven and Ataroth-Adar; the former name of Bethel and, possibly, a twin city of Bethel) see Bethel (H1008) = Bethel (H1008)
לחמס lḥms Lahmas H3903 Joshua 15:40 1 Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)
לכיש lkyš Lachish H3923 Joshua 10:3.5.23.31-35; 12:11; 15:39 24 Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah; one of the cities in the Jerusalem coalition: Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon; not far from Libnah, Gezer and Eglon) ? Tell ed-Duweir[89] (near Lakhish) 31°33′55″N 34°50′55″E / 31.56528°N 34.84861°E / 31.56528; 34.84861; Tell Eitun/ Eiton[89] 31°29′20″N 34°55′42″E / 31.48889°N 34.92833°E / 31.48889; 34.92833;[90] formerly identified with Tell el-Hesi (near Shalva) 31°32′51″N 34°43′49″E / 31.54750°N 34.73028°E / 31.54750; 34.73028
לקום lqwm Lakkum H3946 Joshua 19:33 1 Naphtali (not far from the Jordan river)
לשם lšm Leshem H3959 Joshua 19:47 2 Dan (within Naphtali's territory?) see Dan (H1835) = Dan (H1835)
מגדו mgdw Megiddo H4023 Joshua 12:21; 17:11 12 Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher) Tell al Mutesellim, just north of kibbutz Megiddo 32°35′08″N 35°11′04″E / 32.58556°N 35.18444°E / 32.58556; 35.18444[9]: 394–5 
מגדלאל mgdlʾl Migdal-El H4027 Joshua 19:38 1 Naphtali (a fortified city)
מגדלגד mgdlgd Migdal-Gad H4028 Joshua 15:37 1 Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)
מדון mdwn Madon H4068 Joshua 11:1; 12:19 2 ? (not very far from Hazor of Naphtali, Shimrom of Zebulun and Achshaph of Asher)
מדין mdyn Middin H4081 Joshua 15:61 1 Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi)
מדמנה mdmnh Madmannah, Madmen H4086 Joshua 15:31 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed between Hormah, Ziklag and Sansannah, Lebaoth) = Beth-Marcaboth (H1024, Simeon's) ?
מולדה mwldh Moladah H4137 Joshua 15:26; 19:2 4 Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
מפעת, מיפעת mpʿt, mypʿt Mephaath H4158 Joshua 13:18; 21:37 4 Reuben (east of Jordan; a levitical city)
מחנים mḥnym Mahanaim H4266 Joshua 13:26.30; 21:38 13 Gad (east of Jordan; border between Gad and Manasseh; a levitical city) ? Tell/Tullul edh-Dhahab el-Gharbi[70]: 146–8 [91] 32°11′09″N 35°41′12″E / 32.18583°N 35.68667°E / 32.18583; 35.68667;[92] Tell Hajjaj[70]: 146–8  32°08′58″N 35°41′31″E / 32.14944°N 35.69194°E / 32.14944; 35.69194[9]: 311 [70]: 139 ; Khirbet Mahneh[70]: 146 [91] 32°21′48″N 35°45′16″E / 32.36333°N 35.75444°E / 32.36333; 35.75444?; Tell er-Ruheil, Tall Rehil[70]: 146  32°11′18″N 35°48′27″E / 32.18833°N 35.80750°E / 32.18833; 35.80750;[9]: 453  Khirbet Saleikhat, Maqbarat es Sleikhat[91]32°19′53″N 35°35′54″E / 32.33139°N 35.59833°E / 32.33139; 35.59833;[9]: 386  'Ajlun[91] 32°19′45″N 35°45′15″E / 32.32917°N 35.75417°E / 32.32917; 35.75417?
מידבא mydbʾ Medeba H4311 Joshua 13:9.16 5 Reuben (east of Jordan)
מי הירקון my (h)yrqwn Me-Jarkon, Me-Ha-Jarkon H4313 Joshua 19:46 1 Dan
מכמתת, המכמתת (h)mkmtt Michmethah, Ha-Michmethah [of Ephraim] H4366 Joshua 16:6 1? Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, between the upper Beth-Horon and Taanath-Shiloh) = Michmethah [of Manasseh] (H0836) ?
מכמתת, המכמתת (h)mkmtt Michmethah, Ha-Michmethah [of Manasseh] H4366 Joshua 17:7 1? Manasseh (not far from Shechem, not far from Ephraim's border) = Michmethah [of Ephraim] (H0836) ?
מעון mʿwn Maon H4584 Joshua 15:55 5? Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah) Khirbet Ma'in (Tell Maon)[93] (3 km west of moshav Maon) 31°24′34″N 35°08′02″E / 31.40944°N 35.13389°E / 31.40944; 35.13389
מעלה עקרבים mʿlh ʿqrbym Maaleh-Acrabbim H4610 Joshua 15:3 3 Judah (southern border, a place between Kadesh-Barnea and the Dead Sea) a mountain?
מערה mʿrh Mearah H4632 Joshua 13:4 1 Asher ? (beside Sidon)
מערת mʿrt Maarath H4638 Joshua 15:59 1 Judah (no important cities)
מצה, המצה (h)mṣh Mozah, Ha-Mozah H4681 Joshua 18:26 1 Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem) Tel Mozah within the village area of modern Motza 31°47′40″N 35°09′50″E / 31.794452°N 35.163778°E / 31.794452; 35.163778
מצפה, המצפה (h)mṣph Mizpeh, Ha-Mizpeh [of Judah] H4708 Joshua 15:38 1?? Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah) = Mizpeh [of Benjamin] (H4708) ?
מצפה, המצפה (h)mṣph Mizpeh, Ha-Mizpeh [of Benjamin] H4708 Joshua 18:26 1?? Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem) = Mizpeh [of Judah] (H4708) ?
מצפה, המצפה (h)mṣph Mizpeh, Ha-Mizpeh [of Manasseh?, Naphtali?] H4709 Joshua 11:3.8 2?? Manasseh?, Naphtali? (under Mount Hermon) Possibly not a city
מקדה mqdh Makkedah H4719 Joshua 10:10.16-17.21.28-29; 12:16; 15:41 9 Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah; not far from Libnah) ? Khirbet el-Kôm/ Qom[88][94] at al-Kum 31°31′57″N 34°57′46″E / 31.53250°N 34.96278°E / 31.53250; 34.96278;[95] Mughar[88] 31°50′23″N 34°46′58″E / 31.83972°N 34.78278°E / 31.83972; 34.78278?;[88] Deir edh/ed-Dhibban[88] 31°40′23″N 34°53′33″E / 31.67306°N 34.89250°E / 31.67306; 34.89250?;[88] Tell es-Safi[88] 31°41′59″N 34°50′49″E / 31.69972°N 34.84694°E / 31.69972; 34.84694; Khirbet el-Kheishum[88] 31°43′43″N 34°57′13″E / 31.72861°N 34.95361°E / 31.72861; 34.95361?;[88] Tell Bornat/ Burnat[88] 31°37′47″N 34°52′24″E / 31.62972°N 34.87333°E / 31.62972; 34.87333;[88] Khirbet Beit Maqdum[88] 31°31′40″N 34°58′04″E / 31.52778°N 34.96778°E / 31.52778; 34.96778;[88] Qal'at el-Muwaqdah[88] 31°55′29″N 35°00′33″E / 31.92472°N 35.00917°E / 31.92472; 35.00917?[88]
מראשה mrʾšh Mareshah H4762 Joshua 15:44 6 Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha) Tell Sandahanna[96] 31°35′34″N 34°53′54″E / 31.59278°N 34.89833°E / 31.59278; 34.89833[97]
מרעלה mrʿlh Maralah H4831 Joshua 19:11 1 Zebulun (Zebulun's border, between Sarid and Dabbasheth, Jokneam)
משאל mšʾl Misheal, Mishal H4861 Joshua 19:26; 21:30 2 Asher (not far from Carmel; a levitical city)
משרפת מים mšrpt mym Misrephoth-Maim H4956 Joshua 11:8; 13:6 2 Asher ? (not far from Sidon)
נבשן (h)nbšn Nibshan, Ha-Nibshan H5044 Joshua 15:62 1 Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi)
נהלל nhll Nahallal, Nahalal H5096 Joshua 19:15; 21:35 3 Zebulun (a levitical city)
נעה, הנעה (h)nʿh Neah, Ha-Neah H5269 Joshua 19:13 1 Zebulun (Zabulun's eastern? border)
נעיאל nʿyʾl Neiel H5272 Joshua 19:27 1 Asher (between the valley of Jipthah-El and Cabul)
נעמה nʿmh Naamah H5279 Joshua 15:41 1 Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah) ? Tel beside kibbutz Na'an[98]
נערתה nʿrth Naarath H5292 Joshua 16:7 1 Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, not far from Jericho)
נציב nṣyb Nezib H5334 Joshua 15:43 1 Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha)
נקב, הנקב (h)nqb Nekeb, Ha-Nekeb H5346 Joshua 19:33 1 Naphtali
סכות skwt Succoth H5523 Joshua 13:27 14 or 13 Gad (east of Jordan) ? Deir Alla[99]: 46  32°11′48″N 35°37′15″E / 32.19667°N 35.62083°E / 32.19667; 35.62083
סככה skkh Secacah H5527 Joshua 15:61 1 Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi)
סלכה slkh Salcah H5548 Joshua 12:5; 13:11 4 ? Manasseh? (east of Jordan; former territory of Og, king of Bashan)
סנסנה snsnh Sansannah H5578 Joshua 15:31 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed between Hormah, Ziklag, Madmannah and Lebaoth) = Hazar-Susah (H2701, Simeon's) ?
עבדון ʿbdwn Abdon H5658 Joshua 21:30 2 Asher (a levitical city)
עברן ʿbrn Hebron, Ebron H5683 Joshua 19:28 1 Asher (northern border?)
עגלון ʿglwn Eglon H5700 Joshua 10:3.5.23.34.36-37; 12:12; 15:39 8 Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah; one of the cities in the Jerusalem coalition: Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, Eglon; not far from Lachish and Hebron) ? Tel Eiton/ Eitun Aaton/ Eton/ Aitun[90] 31°29′20″N 34°55′42″E / 31.48889°N 34.92833°E / 31.48889; 34.92833;[90] Tel Hasi, Tell el-Hesi[90] (near Tel Ajlan) 31°32′01″N 34°43′50″E / 31.53361°N 34.73056°E / 31.53361; 34.73056;[90] Tel Beit Mirsim[90] 31°27′20″N 34°54′39″E / 31.45556°N 34.91083°E / 31.45556; 34.91083[9]: 251 [90]
עדיתים ʿdytym Adithaim H5723 Joshua 15:36 1 Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)
עדלם ʿdlm Adullam H5725 Joshua 12:15; 15:35 8 Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah) ? Khirbet Sheik Madkur/ Madkhur, Khurbet esh-Sheikh Madkour, ʿAīd el Mâ, `Eîd el Mieh[9]: 484 [100] 31°38′59″N 35°00′09″E / 31.64972°N 35.00250°E / 31.64972; 35.00250[9]: 484 
עדעדה ʿdʿdh Adadah H5735 Joshua 15:22 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
עדר ʿdr Eder H5740 Joshua 15:21 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
עוים ʿwym Avites[12] H5757 Joshua 13:3 3 Judah ? (Philistia) Inhabitants of Ivvah/Avva (H5755) or Avim (H5761)
עוים (h)ʿwym Avim, Ha-Avim H5761 Joshua 18:23 1 Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho)
עזה ʿzh Gaza, Azzah H5804 Joshua 10:41; 11:22; 15:47 21 [23][14] Judah (by the sea; important cities: Ekron, Ashdod, Gaza) ? Tell Harube, Tell 'Azza/Gaza[9]: 300–301 [101] (in Gaza City) 31°30′21″N 34°27′39″E / 31.50583°N 34.46083°E / 31.50583; 34.46083; formerly identified with Tall al-Ajjul 31°28′04″N 34°24′16″E / 31.46778°N 34.40444°E / 31.46778; 34.40444
עזקה ʿzqh Azekah H5825 Joshua 10:10-11; 15:35 7 Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah) Tell Zakariya/ Zakariyeh[102]: 74–5  31°42′02″N 34°56′10″E / 31.70056°N 34.93611°E / 31.70056; 34.93611[102]: 75 
עזתי ʿzty Gazathite[12] H5841 Joshua 13:3 2 Judah see Gaza (H5804) An inhabitant of Gaza (H5804)
עטרות ʿṭrwt Ataroth [of Ephraim 2] H5852 Joshua 16:7 1 Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, between Taanath-Shiloh, Janohah and Jericho) = Ataroth [of Ephraim 1] (H5852) ?, = Ataroth-Addar (H5853) ?
עטרות ʿṭrwt Ataroth [of Ephraim 1] H5852 Joshua 16:2 1 Ephraim (southern border, between Bethel and the lower Beth-Horon) ? 'Atara 32°00′09″N 35°12′23″E / 32.00250°N 35.20639°E / 32.00250; 35.20639 = Ataroth [of Ephraim 2] (H5852) ?, = Ataroth-Addar (H5853) ?
עטרות אדר ʿṭrwt ʾdr Ataroth-Addar H5853 Joshua 16:5; 18:13 2 Ephraim?, Benjamin? (Ephraim's eastern border, not far from the upper Beth-Horon; northern border of Benjamin's territory between Luz-Bethel and the lower Beth-Choron)
עי, העי (h)ʿy Ai, Ha-Ai H5857 Joshua 7:2-5; 8:1-3.9-12.14.17-18.20-21.23-26.28-29; 9:3; 10:1-2; 12:9 38 or 36 Benjamin? (beside Bethel; a small town near Beth-Aven, to the east of Bethel) ? Et-Tell (near Deir Dibwan) 31°55′00″N 35°15′41″E / 31.91667°N 35.26139°E / 31.91667; 35.26139; Khirbet el-Maqatir[9]: 384 [18]: 230  (between Deir Dibwan and Beitin) 31°54′55″N 35°14′59″E / 31.91528°N 35.24972°E / 31.91528; 35.24972; Khirbet Haiyan[103] 31°54′18″N 35°16′17″E / 31.90500°N 35.27139°E / 31.90500; 35.27139; Khirbet Nisya/Nisieh[20][21] (near Psagot) 31°53′48″N 35°13′45″E / 31.89667°N 35.22917°E / 31.89667; 35.22917[20]: 23 
עיים ʿyym Iim H5864 Joshua 15:29 2 or 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
עין ʿyn Ain H5871 Joshua 15:32; 19:7; 21:16 4 Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; a levitical city)
עין גדי ʿyn gdy En-Gedi H5872 Joshua 15:62 6 Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi) ? Tell el-Jurn, Tel Goren[104] 31°27′54″N 35°23′21″E / 31.46500°N 35.38917°E / 31.46500; 35.38917[105]
עין גנים ʿyn gnym En-Gannim [of Judah] H5873 Joshua 15:34 1 Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)
עין גנים ʿyn gnym En-Gannim [of Issachar] H5873 Joshua 19:21; 21:29 2 Issachar (a levitical city)
עין דר ʿyndr Endor H5874 Joshua 17:11 3 Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher)
עין חדה ʿyn ḥdh En-Haddah H5876 Joshua 19:21 1 Issachar
עין חצור ʿyn ḥṣwr En-Hazor H5877 Joshua 19:37 1 Naphtali (a fortified city)
עינם, העינם (h)ʿynm Enam, Ha-Enam, Enaim H5879 Joshua 15:34 2 Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)
עין תפוח ʿyn tpwḥ En-Tappuah H5887 Joshua 17:7 1 Ephraim ?, Manasseh ? (border between Ephraim and Manasseh) = Tappuah [Ephraim's city in Manasseh's territory] (8599) ?
עירהמלח ʿyr(h)mlḥ Ir Melach, Ir Ha-Melach (City of Salt) H5898 Joshua 15:62 1 Judah ("in the wilderness"; important cities: En-Gedi)
עיר שמש ʿyr šmš Ir-Shemesh H5905 Joshua 19:41 1 Dan
עלמון ʿlmwn Almon H5960 Joshua 21:18 1 Benjamin (a levitical city)
עמה ʿmh Ummah H5981 Joshua 19:30 1 Asher (south-eastern coastal territory of Asher)
עמעד ʿmʿd Amad H6008 Joshua 19:26 1 Asher
ענב ʿnb Anab H6024 Joshua 11:21; 15:50 2 Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen)
ענים ʿnym Anim H6044 Joshua 15:50 1 Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen)
ענתות ʿntwt Anathoth H6068 Joshua 21:18 13 Benjamin (a levitical city) ? 'Anata[106] 31°48′33″N 35°15′29″E / 31.80917°N 35.25806°E / 31.80917; 35.25806?; Ras el-Kharrubeh[107] 31°48′06″N 35°15′12″E / 31.80167°N 35.25333°E / 31.80167; 35.25333??;[107] Khirbet Deir es-Sidd[108] 31°48′36″N 35°16′30″E / 31.81000°N 35.27500°E / 31.81000; 35.27500[108]
עפני (h)ʿpny Ophni, Ha-Ophni H6078 Joshua 18:24 1 Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho)
עפרה ʿprh Ophrah H6084 Joshua 18:23 7 or 1 Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho) ? Taybeh, et-Taiyibeh/ Taiyiba/ Taiyibe/ Tayyibeh[85]: 121 [109] 31°57′09″N 35°18′10″E / 31.95250°N 35.30278°E / 31.95250; 35.30278[110]; Beitin[20]: 21–2  31°55′37″N 35°14′19″E / 31.92694°N 35.23861°E / 31.92694; 35.23861
עצם ʿṣm Azem H6107 Joshua 15:29; 19:3 3 Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
עצמונה ʿṣmwnh Azmon H6111 Joshua 15:4 3 Judah (southern border; to the west of the river of Egypt, not far from the Mediterranean Sea)
עקרון ʿqrwn Ekron H6138 Joshua 13:3; 15:11.45.46; 19:43 22 [24][14] Judah (by the sea; important cities: Ekron, Ashdod, Gaza; northern border of Philistia?; near Judah's northern border); Dan (border city between Dan and Judah?) ? Khirbet el-Muqanna (near Yad Binyamin) 31°46′44″N 34°51′00″E / 31.77889°N 34.85000°E / 31.77889; 34.85000; formerly identified with Aqir 31°51′40″N 34°49′23″E / 31.86111°N 34.82306°E / 31.86111; 34.82306, Zikrin 31°39′48″N 34°51′38″E / 31.66333°N 34.86056°E / 31.66333; 34.86056, Qatra 31°49′19″N 34°46′39″E / 31.82194°N 34.77750°E / 31.82194; 34.77750
עקרוני ʿqrwny Ekronite[12] H6139 Joshua 13:3 2 Judah (one of the main Philistine cities) see Ekron (H6138) An inhabitant of Ekron (H6138)
הערבה (h)ʿrbh Arabah, Ha-Arabah H6160 Joshua 18:18 2? Benjamin? (southern border of Benjamin, close to Beth-Hoglah and the Jordan river) = Beth-Arabah [of Benjamin] (H1026) ?
ערד ʿrd Arad H6166 Joshua 12:14 4 Judah?
ערוער ʿrwʿr Aroer [of Reuben] H6177 Joshua 12:2; 13:9.16 15 or 14 Reuben (east of Jordan, on the bank of the river Arnon, in the middle of the river) ? Khirbet 'Ara'ir[111][112] at 'Ara'ir 31°28′16″N 35°49′10″E / 31.47111°N 35.81944°E / 31.47111; 35.81944
ערוער ʿrwʿr Aroer [of Gad] H6177 Joshua 13:25 2 or 1 Gad (east of Jordan, not far from Rabbah of Amon)
עשן ʿšn Ashan H6228 Joshua 15:42; 19:7 4 Simeon within Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha)
עשתרות ʿštrwt Ashtaroth H6252 Joshua 9:10; 12:4; 13:12.31 12 Manasseh (east of Jordan; in Bashan) ? Tell Ashtarah[113] 32°48′15″N 36°00′56″E / 32.80417°N 36.01556°E / 32.80417; 36.01556;[9]: 232  Al-Shaykh Saad, Sheikh Sa'ad as Karnaim[114] 32°50′11″N 36°02′10″E / 32.83639°N 36.03611°E / 32.83639; 36.03611[8]: 336 
עתה קצין ʿth qṣyn Ittah-Kazin H6278 Joshua 19:13 1 Zebulun (Zebulun's eastern? border)
עתר ʿtr Ether H6281 Joshua 15:42; 19:7 2 Simeon within Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha)
פרה (h)prh Parah, Ha-Pharah H6511 Joshua 18:23 1 Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho)
צדים, הצדים (h)ṣdym Ziddim, Ha-Ziddim H6661 Joshua 19:35 1 Naphtali (a fortified city)
צידון, צידון רבה ṣydwn (rbh) Sidon (the great) H6721 (+ H7227) Joshua 11:8; 19:28 21 [37][14] Asher (north-western border) Saint Louis Castle area[9]: 500  at Sidon 33°33′38″N 35°22′14″E / 33.56056°N 35.37056°E / 33.56056; 35.37056
צידנים ṣydnym Sidonians[12] H6722 Joshua 13:4.6 16 Asher see Sidon (H6721) Inhabitants of Sidon (H6721)
ציער ṣyʿr Zior H6730 Joshua 15:54 1 Judah (important cities: Hebron)
צלע ṣlʿ Zelah H6762 Joshua 18:28 2 Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem)
צמרים ṣmrym Zemaraim H6787 Joshua 18:22 1 Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho)
צנן ṣnn Zenan H6799 Joshua 15:37 1 Judah (important cities: Lachish, Eglon, Makkedah)
צעננים ṣʿnnym Zaanannim H6815 Joshua 19:33 2 Naphtali
צפון ṣpwn Zaphon H6829 Joshua 13:27 1 Gad (east of Jordan)
צקלג ṣqlg Ziklag H6860 Joshua 15:31; 19:5 15 Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) ? Tell esh-Shari'ah, Tell Sera'[115][116] 31°23′26″N 34°40′40″E / 31.39056°N 34.67778°E / 31.39056; 34.67778;[9]: 474  Tell el-Hesi[115][116] 31°32′51″N 34°43′49″E / 31.54750°N 34.73028°E / 31.54750; 34.73028; Tell el-Khuweilifeh, Tel Halif[115][116] 31°22′59″N 34°51′58″E / 31.38306°N 34.86611°E / 31.38306; 34.86611; Tell 'Areini[116] (near Kiryat Gat) 31°36′42″N 34°47′07″E / 31.61167°N 34.78528°E / 31.61167; 34.78528; Tell en-Nejileh, Tel Nagila[116] (between Ahuzam and Beit Kama) 31°30′08″N 34°45′28″E / 31.50222°N 34.75778°E / 31.50222; 34.75778; Khirbet Meshash, Tel Masos[115] 31°12′47″N 34°58′00″E / 31.21306°N 34.96667°E / 31.21306; 34.96667; Tell es-Seba[115] (near Beersheba) 31°14′41″N 34°50′27″E / 31.24472°N 34.84083°E / 31.24472; 34.84083; Khirbet Zuheilikah/Zuheiliqah[116] 31°25′51″N 34°37′59″E / 31.43083°N 34.63306°E / 31.43083; 34.63306?[117]
צר ṣr Zer, Tyre [of Naphtali] H6863 Joshua 19:35 1 Naphtali (a fortified city)
צר ṣr Tyre [of Asher] H6865 Joshua 19:29 42 Asher (eastern border) Tyre 33°16′15″N 35°11′40″E / 33.27083°N 35.19444°E / 33.27083; 35.19444
צרעה ṣrʿh Zoreah, Zorah H6881 Joshua 15:33; 19:41 10 Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah); Dan (border city between Dan and Judah?) ? Tel Tzora/ Tzar'a/ Tsar'a, (Tell) Sar'a[118] 31°46′31″N 34°59′08″E / 31.77528°N 34.98556°E / 31.77528; 34.98556
צרת השחר ṣrt (h)šḥr Zareth-Shahar, Zareth-Ha-Shahar H6890 Joshua 13:19 1 Reuben (east of Jordan)
צרתן ṣrtn Zaretan H6891 Joshua 3:16 3 ? (Located by the Jordan river, near Adam, far from Jericho)
קבצאל qbṣʾl Kabzeel H6909 Joshua 15:21 3 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
קבצים qbṣym Kibzaim H6911 Joshua 21:22 1 Ephraim (a levitical city)
קדמת qdmt Kedemoth H6932 Joshua 13:18; 21:37 4 Reuben (east of Jordan; a levitical city)
קדש qdš Kedesh [of Judah] H6943 Joshua 15:23 1? Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) = Kedesh Barnea (H6947) ?
קדש qdš Kedesh [of Naphtali] H6943 Joshua 12:22; 19:37; 20:7; 21:32 11? Naphtali (a fortified city; in Galilee; a city of refuge; a levitical city) ? Tell Qadas/ Qades[6]: 295  (near Ramot Naftali) 33°06′36″N 35°31′51″E / 33.11000°N 35.53083°E / 33.11000; 35.53083;[8]: 348  Khirbet el-Kidish/ Qedish/ Qadish[6]: 295  (near Poria Illit) 32°44′03″N 35°33′17″E / 32.73417°N 35.55472°E / 32.73417; 35.55472;[8]: 341  some passages might refer to Tell Abu Qudeis[6]: 295  32°33′34″N 35°12′59″E / 32.55944°N 35.21639°E / 32.55944; 35.21639[8]: 350 
קדש ברנע qdš brnʿ Kadesh Barnea H6947 Joshua 10:41; 14:6.7; 15:3 10 Judah (southern border) ? Tell el-Qudeirat[119] 30°38′53″N 34°25′21″E / 30.64806°N 34.42250°E / 30.64806; 34.42250;[119] 'Ain el-Qudeirat[120] 30°38′33″N 34°24′49″E / 30.64250°N 34.41361°E / 30.64250; 34.41361;[121] 'Ain Qadeis/Kadeis[120] 30°35′03″N 34°29′09″E / 30.58417°N 34.48583°E / 30.58417; 34.48583;[122] 'Ain al-Qusaima/Quseima[120] 30°40′00″N 34°22′00″E / 30.66667°N 34.36667°E / 30.66667; 34.36667;[123] El Muweilah[120] 30°41′09″N 34°19′12″E / 30.68583°N 34.32000°E / 30.68583; 34.32000;[124] formerly identified with Petra[125] = Kedesh [of Judah] (H6943) ?
קטח qṭḥ Kattath H7005 Joshua 19:15 1 Zebulun
קין (h)qyn Cain, Ha-Cain H7014 Joshua 15:57 1 Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah)
קינה qynh Kinah H7016 Joshua 15:22 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag)
קנה qnh Kanah H7071 Joshua 19:28 1 Asher (northern border?)
קעילה qʿylh Keilah H7084 Joshua 15:44 17 Judah (important cities: Libnah, Keilah, Achzib, Maresha) Khirbet Qila (at Qila) 31°36′50″N 35°00′10″E / 31.61389°N 35.00278°E / 31.61389; 35.00278[9]: 359 
קציץ, עמק קציץ qṣyṣ, ʿmq qṣyṣ Keziz, Emek-Keziz H7104, H6010+H7104 Joshua 18:21 1 Benjamin (group A; important cities: Bethel, Jericho)
קריות qrywt (qrywt ḥṣrwn ?) Kerioth (Kerioth-Hezron?) H7152 Joshua 15:25 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) = Hezron (H2696) ?
קריתארבע qrytʾrbʿ Kirjath-Arba H7153 Joshua 14:15; 15:13.54; 20:7; 21:11 9 Judah (important cities: Hebron; a city of refuge; a levitical city for Kohathites) see Hebron (H2275) = Hebron (H2275)
קריתבעל qrytbʿl Kiriath-Baal H7154 Joshua 15:60; 18:14 2 Judah (important cities: Kiriath-Jearim; border between Judah and Benjamin - south-western corner of Benjamin's territory) see Kiriath-Jearim (H7157) = Kiriath-Jearim (H7157)
קריתים qrytym Kirjathaim H7156 Joshua 13:19 6 Reuben (east of Jordan) ? Khirbat al-Qureijat[126]: 122  31°31′54″N 35°52′49″E / 31.53167°N 35.88028°E / 31.53167; 35.88028?;[126]: 122  Khirbat al-Qureiyeh[126]: 122–3  31°42′55″N 35°40′30″E / 31.71528°N 35.67500°E / 31.71528; 35.67500?;[127] Qaryat al-Mekhaiyet, Khirbat

Mukhayyat[126]: 122–3  31°44′56″N 35°44′37″E / 31.74889°N 35.74361°E / 31.74889; 35.74361[128]

קרית qryt Kirjath H7157 Joshua 18:28 1 Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem) = Kiriath-Jearim (H7157, Judah's) ?
קריתיערים qrytyʿrym Kiriath-Jearim H7157 Joshua 9:17; 15:9.60; 18:14-15; [18:28?] 19 Judah, Benjamin? (important cities: Kiriath-Jearim; border between Judah and Benjamin - south-western corner of Benjamin's territory; a city of Gibeonites alongside Gibeon, Chephirah and Beeroth) ? Deir el Azar 31°48′39″N 35°05′59″E / 31.81083°N 35.09972°E / 31.81083; 35.09972[9]: 440  = Kiriath-Baal (H7154), = Baalah [of Judah 1] (H1173), = Kirjath (H7157) ?
קריתספר qrytspr Kirjath-Sepher H7158 Joshua 15:15-16 4 Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen) see Debir [of Judah 1] (H1688) = Debir [of Judah 1] (H1688)
קריתסנה qrytsnh Kirjath-Sannah H7158 Joshua 15:49 1 Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen) see Debir [of Judah 1] (H1688) = Debir [of Judah 1] (H1688)
קרקעה, הקרקעה (h)qrqʿh Karkaa, Ha-Karkaa H7173 Joshua 15:3 1 Judah (southern border; to the east of Adar, Hezron and Kadesh-Barnea)
קרתה qrth Kartah H7177 Joshua 21:34 1 Zebulun (a levitical city)
קרתן qrtn Kartan H7178 Joshua 21:32 1 Naphtali (a levitical city)
קשיון qšywn Kishion H7191 Joshua 19:20; 21:28 2 Issachar (a levitical city)
ראמת rʾmt Ramoth H7216 Joshua 20:8; [21:38] 4 Gad (in Gilead; a city of refuge; a levitical city) see Ramoth Gilead (H7433) = Ramoth (H7433)
רבה (h)rbh Rabbah, Ha-Rabbah [of Judah] H7237 Joshua 15:60 1 Judah (important cities: Kiriath-Jearim)
רבה rbh Rabbah, Rabbah [of Ammonites] H7237 Joshua 13:25 14 Ammonites Jabal al-Qal'a[69] (in Amman) 31°57′17″N 35°56′03″E / 31.95472°N 35.93417°E / 31.95472; 35.93417
רבית, הרבית (h)rbyt Rabbith, Ha-Rabbith H7245 Joshua 19:20 1 Issachar
רחב rḥb Rehob [of Asher 1] H7340 Joshua 19:28; (21:31?) 6 or 1 Asher (northern border?; a levitical city?) ? Tell al-Balat[129]: 71  33°06′53″N 35°17′26″E / 33.11472°N 35.29056°E / 33.11472; 35.29056[130]; Khirbat al-ʿAmri[131] 33°03′59″N 35°08′18″E / 33.06639°N 35.13833°E / 33.06639; 35.13833???;[132] formerly identified with Hunin[133]
רחב rḥb Rehob [of Asher 2] H7340 Joshua 19:30; (21:31?) 1? Asher (south-eastern coastal territory of Asher; a levitical city?) ? Tell Bir al-Gharbi, Tel Bira[129]: 71–2  32°54′04″N 35°10′09″E / 32.90111°N 35.16917°E / 32.90111; 35.16917[10]: 99 
ראמת rʾmt Ramath, Ramath-Negev H7414 Joshua 19:8 1? Simeon (within Judah?, in the Negev?)
רמה, הרמה (h)rmh Ramah, Ha-Ramah [of Benjamin] H7414 Joshua 18:25 33? Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem) ? Al-Ram 31°51′13″N 35°14′00″E / 31.85361°N 35.23333°E / 31.85361; 35.23333
רמה, הרמה (h)rmh Ramah, Ha-Ramah [of Asher] H7414 Joshua 19:29 1? Asher (eastern border between Sidon and Tyre)
רמה, הרמה (h)rmh Ramah, Ha-Ramah [of Naphtali] H7414 Joshua 19:36 1? Naphtali (a fortified city)
רמון rmwn Rimmon, Remmon H7417 Joshua 15:32; 19:7 8 or 4 Simeon within Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag) ? Khirbet Umm er-Ramamin[134] (Khirbet Raymond?) 31°22′19″N 34°51′55″E / 31.37194°N 34.86528°E / 31.37194; 34.86528;[135] Ain-Urtās/Artās?[136]
רמון המתאר rmwn (h)mtʾr Rimmon-Methoar, Remmon-Ha-Methoar H7417 Joshua 19:13 3 Zebulun (Zabulun's eastern? border)
רמת rmt Remeth H7432 Joshua 19:21 1 Issachar
רמת, רמת גלעד rmt, rmt glʿd Ramoth, Ramoth Gilead H7433 Joshua [20:8;] 21:38 21 Gad (in Gilead; a city of refuge; a levitical city) ? Khirbat al Rumaythah, Tell er-Rumeit[137] (near Ar Ramtha) 32°29′59″N 36°00′53″E / 32.49972°N 36.01472°E / 32.49972; 36.01472 = Ramoth (H7216)
רמת המצפה rmt (h)mṣph Ramath-Mizpeh, Ramath-Ha-Mizpeh H7434 Joshua 13:26 1 Gad (east of Jordan)
הרקון (h)rqwn Rakkon, Ha-Rakkon H7542 Joshua 19:46 1 Dan
רקם rqm Rekem H7552 Joshua 18:27 1 Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem)
רקת rqt Rakkath H7557 Joshua 19:35 1 Naphtali (a fortified city)
שבמה šbmh Sibmah H7643 Joshua 13:19 6 Reuben (east of Jordan)
שבע šbʿ Sheba H7652 Joshua 19:2 1 Simeon within Judah (listed alongside Moladah) = Shema (H8090) ?
שברים, השברים (h)šbrym Shebarim, Ha-Shebarim H7671 Joshua 7:5 1 Benjamin?, Judah? (not very far from Ai, probably to the east of Ai)
שוכה šwkh Socoh [of Judah 1] H7755 Joshua 15:35 6 Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah) ? Khirbet esh-Shuwaikah/Shuweikeh[102]: 77  + Khirbet 'Abbad[138] 31°40′55″N 34°58′26″E / 31.68194°N 34.97389°E / 31.68194; 34.97389;[139] formerly identified with Tell Zakariya[102]: 77  31°42′02″N 34°56′10″E / 31.70056°N 34.93611°E / 31.70056; 34.93611[102]: 75 
שוכה šwkh Socoh [of Judah 2] H7755 Joshua 15:48 1 Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen) ? Khirbet Shuweikeh[138] 31°24′13″N 35°00′18″E / 31.40361°N 35.00500°E / 31.40361; 35.00500[140]
שונם šwnm Shunem H7766 Joshua 19:18 3 Issachar
שחצומה, שחצימה šḥṣwmh, šḥṣymh Shahazimah H7831 Joshua 19:22 1 Issachar
שטים, השטים (h)šṭym Shittim H7851 Joshua 2:1; 3:1 5 ? (a place on the east side of the Jordan river, not far from Jericho)
שיאן šyʾn Shihon H7866 Joshua 19:19 1 Issachar
שיחור šyḥwr Sihor H7883 Joshua 13:3 2 ? (southern Canaan, "before the face of Egypt")
שיחור לבנח šyḥwr lbnḥ Shihor-libnath H7884 Joshua 19:26 1 Asher (not far from Carmel)
שלה šlh Shiloh H7887 Joshua 18:1.8-10; 19:51; 21:2; 22:9.12 32 ? Ephraim? Khirbet Seilun (near Shilo) 32°03′21″N 35°17′23″E / 32.05583°N 35.28972°E / 32.05583; 35.28972
שכם škm Shechem H7927 Joshua 17:7; 20:7; 21:21; 24:1.25.32 49 or 48 Ephraim (not far from Michmethah, not far from the border between Ephraim and Manasseh?; a city of refuge; a levitical city; an Israelite meeting place at the end of Joshua's life) Tell Balata (in Balata) 32°12′49″N 35°16′56″E / 32.21361°N 35.28222°E / 32.21361; 35.28222
שכרונה škrwnh Shicron H7942 Joshua 15:11 1 Judah (northern border, west or north-west of Ekron, not far from mount Baalah)
שלחים šlḥym Shilhim H7978 Joshua 15:32 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed between Lebaoth and Ain, Rimmon) = Sharuhen (H8287, Simeon's) ?
שמיר šmyr Shamir H8069 Joshua 15:48 3 Judah ("in the mountains"; important cities: Debir, Goshen)
שמע šmʿ Shema H8090 Joshua 15:26 1 Judah (southwestern territory bordering Edom; group A, important cities: Beersheba, Hormah, Ziklag; listed alongside Moladah) = Sheba (H7652, Simeon's) ?
שמרון šmrwn Shimrom H8110 Joshua 11:1; 19:15 2 Zebulun (not very far from Hazor, Madon and Achshaph) = Shimron-Meron (H8112) ?
שמרון מראון šmrwn mrʾwn Shimron-Meron H8112 Joshua 12:20 1 ? (the king of this city was defeated by Joshua) = Shimrom (H8110) ?
שעלבין šʿlbyn Shaalabbin H8169 Joshua 19:42 3 Dan kibbutz Sha'alavim, former village Salbit[141]
שורים šʿrym Sharaim H8189 Joshua 15:36 3 or 2 Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)
שרוחן šrwḥn Sharuhen H8287 Joshua 19:6 1 Simeon within Judah (listed between Beth-Lebaoth and Ain, Rimmon) = Shilhim (H7978) ?
לשרון lšrwn Lasharon H8289 Joshua 12:18 1? ? (the king of this city was defeated by Joshua)
שריד šryd Sarid H8301 Joshua 19:10.12 2 Zebulun (Zebulun's border - south-western? corner) Tell Shadud[142] just east of kibbutz Sarid 32°39′42″N 35°14′0″E / 32.66167°N 35.23333°E / 32.66167; 35.23333
תאנת שלה tʾnt šlh Taanath-Shiloh H8387 Joshua 16:6 1 Ephraim (Ephraim's eastern border, between the upper Beth-Horon, Michmethah and Janohah, Jericho)
תבור tbwr Tabor H8396 Joshua 19:22 1 to 4 Issachar
תמנה tmnh Timnah H8553 Joshua 15:10.57 11? Judah (important cities: Gibeah, Timnah; northern border, between Beth-Shemesh and Ekron) ? Tell el-Batashi[143] 31°47′05″N 34°54′40″E / 31.78472°N 34.91111°E / 31.78472; 34.91111;[144] formerly identified with Khirbet Tibneh[143] 31°44′40″N 34°56′03″E / 31.74444°N 34.93417°E / 31.74444; 34.93417?[139][145] = Thimnathah (H8553, Dan's) ?
תמנתה tmnth Thimnathah H8553 Joshua 19:43 1 Dan = Timnah (H8553, Judah's) ?
תמנתסרח tmntsrḥ Timnathserah H8556 Joshua 19:50; 24:30 3 Ephraim (Joshua's inheritance; on the north of the hill of Gaash)
תענך tʿnk Taanach H8590 Joshua 12:21; 17:11; 21:25 7 Manasseh (west of Jordan, among Issachar and Asher; a levitical city) Tell Ta'annek/Tiinik[146] 32°31′15″N 35°13′11″E / 32.52083°N 35.21972°E / 32.52083; 35.21972[9]: 509 
תפוח tpwḥ Tappuah [of Judah] H8599 Joshua (12:17?;) 15:34 2 or 1 Judah ("in the valley"; important cities: Eshtaol, Zoreah, Engannim, Tappuah, Jarmuth, Adullam, Socoh 1, Azekah)
תפוח tpwḥ Tappuah [of Ephraim] H8599 Joshua (12:17?;) 16:8; 17:8 4 or 3 Ephraim (northern border of Ephraim, located between Ephraim and Manasseh's territories) = En-Tappuah (H5887) ?
תראלה trʾlh Taralah H8634 Joshua 18:27 1 Benjamin (group B; important cities: Gibeon, Ramah, Mizpeh, Jerusalem)
תרצה trṣh Tirzah H8656 Joshua 12:24 14 ? (a king of this city was defeated by Joshua) ?[147]: 116  Tell el-Far'ah (North)[148][149][150]: 142  32°17′14″N 35°20′15″E / 32.28722°N 35.33750°E / 32.28722; 35.33750

See also

References

  1. ^ Academic style consonantal transliteration following Society of Biblical Literature (2014). "TRANSLITERATING AND TRANSCRIBING ANCIENT TEXTS". The SBL Handbook of Style. Atlanta, Georgia: Society of Biblical Literature. p. 56. doi:10.2307/j.ctt14bs6ct.9. ISBN 9781589839656. JSTOR j.ctt14bs6ct.
  2. ^ Coordinates provided using the Palestine grid system (publications prior to 1994) have been converted to the World Geodetic System ("EPSG:4326 WGS 84") using the "EPSG.io: Coordinate Systems Worldwide" (Klokan Technologies GmbH) online converter (with "EPSG:7142 Palestine 1923 / Palestine Grid modified" as the source). Coordinates described by the Israeli Transverse Mercator (works published after 1993) have been converted using the "EPSG:2039 Israel 1993 / Israeli TM Grid" as the source.
  3. ^ a b Porter, J. L. (1863). "Edrei". In Smith, William (ed.). A Dictionary of the Bible: Comprising Its Antiquities, Biography, and Natural History. Vol. 1. John Murray. pp. 491–2. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
  4. ^ Douglas, J. D.; Tenney, Merrill C. (2011) [1987]. "Edrei". Zondervan Illustrated Bible Dictionary. Zondervan. p. 388. ISBN 9780310492351. Retrieved 2018-06-09.
  5. ^ Nelson, Richard D. (2004) [2002]. Deuteronomy: A Commentary. The Old Testament Library. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 52. ISBN 9780664229542.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Junkkaala, Eero Kalevi (2006). Three Conquests of Canaan (PDF). Åbo Akademi University Press. ISBN 978-9517653350. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-26. Retrieved 2018-05-26.
  7. ^ a b Langston, Scott M. (2000). "Aijalon". In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Amsterdam University Press. p. 37. ISBN 9789053565032. Retrieved 2018-06-04.
  8. ^ a b c d e Goren, Yuval; Finkelstein, Israel; Na'aman, Nadav (2004). Inscribed in Clay, Provenance Study of the Amarna Tablets and Other Ancient Near Eastern Texts. Monograph series. Vol. 23. Emery and Claire Yass Publications in Archaeology. ISBN 9789652660206.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Kennedy, Titus Michael (2013). A Demographic Analysis of Late Bronze Age Canaan: Ancient Population. Estimates and Insights through Archaeology (PhD). University of South Africa. hdl:10500/13257.
  10. ^ a b c Lehmann, Gunnar (2001). "Phoenicians in Western Galilee: First Results of an Archaeological Survey in the Hinterland of Akko". In Mazar, Amihai (ed.). Studies in the Archaeology of the Iron Age in Israel and Jordan. Journal of the Study of the Old Testament, Supplement. Vol. 331. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press. ISBN 9781841272030.
  11. ^ "EPSG.io: Coordinate Systems Worldwide (1605.2500)". Klokan Technologies GmbH. Retrieved 2018-06-05.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k A word (esp. describing citizens or inhabitants) derived from a given town's name
  13. ^ Some assume, that it is the place of Archi. (Johnson,Siegfried S.: Art. 'Archite', Anchor Bible Dictionary 1 (1992) p. 369, ISBN 978-0300140019)
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h Including derived words, esp. those describing citizens or inhabitants or a given town
  15. ^ a b c The city's name is not mentioned in the book of Joshua directly but its derivative (esp. a word describing the town's citizens) is used.
  16. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Chesnut, Owen D. (2006). The Location of Biblical Eshtaol (MA). Jerusalem University College. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-08-27. Retrieved 2019-01-27.
  17. ^ Negev, Avraham; Gibson, Shimon (2001) [1972]. Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land. New York, London: The Continuum Publishing Group. p. 167f. ISBN 9780826485717.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Wood, Bryant G. (2008). "The Search for Joshua's Ai" (PDF). In Hess, Richard S.; Klingbeil, Gerald A.; Ray, Paul J. (eds.). Critical Issues in Early Israelite History. Bulletin for Biblical Research Supplement. Vol. 3. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 9781575068046.
  19. ^ McKinny, Chris (2015). "Dividing the Spoil - A Discussion of the Identifications of Beth-Aven, Emek-Keziz and Zemaraim in the Territory of Benjamin". In Tavger, Aharon; Amar, Zohar; Billig, Miriam (eds.). In the Highland's Depth - Ephraim Range and Binyamin Research Studies. Vol. 5. pp. 10*–32*. ISBN 9781575068046.
  20. ^ a b c d Livingston, David Palmer (1989). Khirbet Nisya 1979-1986: a Report on Six Seasons of Excavation (PhD). Andrews University. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-05-26.
  21. ^ a b Livingston, David P. (1994). "Further Considerations on the Location of Bethel at El-Bireh". Palestine Exploration Quarterly. 126 (2): 154–159. doi:10.1179/peq.1994.126.2.154.
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