The A63 Selby to Hull road and the Hull-Selby railway line pass roughly east–west through the parish; the A163 Market Weighton road, and the route of the former Selby-Market Weighton-Driffield railway line pass through the northern part of the parish. The parish is predominately agricultural land at around 5 metres (16 ft) above sea level.[3] At the time of the 2001 UK census, Cliffe parish had a population of 1,143,[4] increasing to 1,267 at the 2011 Census.[1]
Cliffe has a public house (the New Inn), a butcher's shop and a mini-mart. The post office closed in 2007, although there is one at Hemingbrough.[citation needed]
Cliffe Voluntary Controlled Primary School received a grade 1 (outstanding) 2009 Ofsted inspection report.[5]
History
Archaeological evidence of humans living in the area dating back to the Iron Age or British Roman age has been found in the area between and around Cliffe and Cliffe Common; the evidence suggested rectangular enclosures thought to be part of a field system, as well as ditched enclosures, and roundhouses.[6] Evidence of permanent human habitation in the medieval period has also been found, suggesting ridge and furrow farming.[7]
Cliffe, Cliffe Common
Cliffe is recorded in the Domesday survey as being part of the manor of Howden.[8] In the Middle Ages the village was in the Ouse and Derwentwapentake of the East Riding of Yorkshire. With the hamlet of Lund it formed the township of Cliffe cum Lund in the large ancient parish of Hemingbrough. Until the later Middle Ages Cliffe was on the banks of the River Ouse, but the river changed course when a meander was broken through.
In the medieval period much of the land was in the possession of the Bishops of Durham, passing to the Bishopric of Ripon in 1836. The remainder of the land passed through various hands, with part becoming of the manor of Turnham Hall.[9]
Cliffe Primary School (2009)
A school was established in 1708 with the bequeathal of £200 by Mary Waud. A school house was subsequently built, and, after further endowments, it was enlarged in 1835.[9]
Non-conformist chapels were established in 1825 (Wesleyan, with Sunday school, closed 1968) and 1842 (Primitive Methodist, deregistered 1942).[9]
A seed milling and crushing business was established at Cliffe in around 1840, the business ceased after the 1870s. By the 1890s maltings had been established at Cliffe and at Cliffe Common, near to the railway lines, both remained in business into the second half of the 20th century.[9]
During the First World War a 3" anti-aircraft battery was installed at cliffe.[10]
From 1960 senior education was carried out at the secondary school in Barlby; the Cliffe school was still educating pupils in 1973, with 65 students.[9]
The township of Cliffe cum Lund became a separate civil parish in 1866. In 1883 the hamlet of Newhay, which in medieval times had been on the south bank of the Ouse in the West Riding, was transferred from the parish of Drax. In 1935 the civil parish of Cliffe cum Lund was abolished and merged with the parish of South Duffield to form the new parish of Cliffe.[11]
Railways
Former station building of Cliffe Common
The Hull and Selby Railway arrived in Cliffe in 1848, and a station was opened in the village as Cliffe Common Gate. It was later renamed Cliffe Common. The station closed in 1954, and the line closed in 1965.[12]
The Derwent Valley Light Railway opened in 1913 a branch from Cliffe Common; it closed to passengers in 1926;[13] the section between Wheldrake and Cliffe Common closed completely in 1965.[14]
South Duffield
South Duffield (2006)
South Duffield was also a township in the ancient parish of Hemingbrough. There was a manor at South Duffield, now evidenced by an earthwork.[15] The present South Duffield Hall dates from the late 1700s.[16]
At South Duffield remains of previous activity included a former brick tower mill used for grain dating from c. 1800.[17]
The Selby-Market Weighton railway line arrived in 1848, passing north of the village – a station (Duffield Gate railway station) was opened north of the village, which closed in 1884.[18]
A school was built in 1881. From 1960 secondary students were educated at Barlby, and the school closed in 1962.[18]
South Duffield became a separate civil parish in 1866. The civil parish was abolished in 1935.
Turnham Hall
There was a manor house at Turnham Hall (also Turneham or Thurnham)[citation needed] west of Cliffe on the banks of the Ouse as early as 1327. The house was moated at one time.[19] A licence to crenellate was received by John Pylkyngton in 1477.[20]
The current farm at Turnham Hall dates from the late 1700s to 1820.[21][22][23]
Whitemoor Mine was developed in the 1970s as part of the Selby coalfield, after closure in the 21st century the above ground site was redeveloped as Whitemoor Business Park.
^Baggs, A. P.; Kent, G. H. R.; Purdy, J. D. (1976). K. J. Allison (ed.). "Hemingbrough". A History of the County of York East Riding: Volume 3, Ouse and Derwent Wapentake, and Part of Harthill Wapentake. Victoria County History. pp. 37–47. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
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