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View of Indira Gandhi Canal
Indira Gandhi Canal was necessitated by water scarcity in Thar Desert, covering western part of Rajasthan.
Mount Abu in Sirohi district
Mount Abu is one of the coolest places in Rajasthan.
Aerial view Udaipur and Aravali hills.

The climate of Rajasthan in northwestern India is generally arid or semi-arid and features fairly hot temperatures over the year with extreme temperatures in both summer and winter. The hottest months are May and June. The monsoon season is from July to September; however, rainfall remains moderate.[1]

History

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Under the Köppen climate classification the greater part of Rajasthan falls under Hot Desert (BWh) and remaining portions of the state falls under Hot Semi Arid (BSh); the climate of the state ranges from arid to semi-arid. Rajasthan receives low and variable rainfalls and thereby is prone to droughts. As Rajasthan is the dry and hot state, Unbelievable hailstorm covered Nagaur, Rajasthan in a thin snow-like icy blanket in December 2019. Later on, it is clarified that this is not a snowfall but a hailstorm, endorse by western disturbances. The climate has changed in winters like never before.[2]

Seasons

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Summer

Due to the Desert Geography, frequently climb above 40 to 45 degrees Celsius in most places. Due to its location, summers are the longest season in Rajasthan. In this time tourist activities are very low.

Winter

The cold weather commences early in October and ends around the end of February and sometimes the temperatures reach nearly 2-degree Celsius [*record in 1964 in JAIPUR the temperature reached 0-degree Celsius on 13 December.]

Monsoon

The state has two distinct periods of rainfall: rainfall due to the South-West Monsoon after summer and rainfall due to Western Disturbances.

Temperature

Average temperatures in various cities of Rajasthan(°C)
Winter
(Jan - Feb) 		Summer
(Mar – May) 		Monsoon
(Jun – Sep) 		Post-monsoon
(Oct – Dec) 		Year-round
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Avg
Jaipur(Highest)[3] 22.4 25.0 31.0 37.1 40.3 39.3 34.1 32.4 33.8 33.6 29.2 24.4 31.9
Jaipur(Lowest)[3] 08.4 10.8 16.0 21.8 25.9 27.4 25.8 24.7 23.2 19.4 13.8 9.2 18.8

Precipitation

Average precipitation in various cities of Rajasthan(mm)
— Winter
(Jan – Feb) 		a Summer
(Mar – May) 		Monsoon 1
(Jun – Sep) 		Monsoon 2
(Oct – Dec) 		Year-round
City Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Total
Jaipur[3] 7.0 10.6 3.1 4.9 17.9 63.4 223.3 205.9 66.3 25.0 3.9 4.2 637.4

Disasters

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Drought and famine

Rajasthan receives low and variable rainfalls and thereby is prone to droughts. Availability of water is less due to the absence of rivers and lakes.

Floods

Occasional floods in cities due to improper drainage occurs. Sometimes floods also occur in western Rajasthan due to impervious base rocks.

Pollution

In some industrial and urban centers pollution has been reported occasionally.

Climate data

Climate data for Jaipur (Köppen BSh)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 31.7
(89.1) 		36.7
(98.1) 		42.8
(109.0) 		44.9
(112.8) 		49.0
(120.2) 		47.2
(117.0) 		46.7
(116.1) 		41.7
(107.1) 		41.7
(107.1) 		40.0
(104.0) 		36.4
(97.5) 		31.5
(88.7) 		49.0
(120.2)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 27.2
(81.0) 		31.4
(88.5) 		37.1
(98.8) 		41.9
(107.4) 		44.3
(111.7) 		43.7
(110.7) 		39.4
(102.9) 		36.1
(97.0) 		37.5
(99.5) 		36.9
(98.4) 		33.1
(91.6) 		28.3
(82.9) 		44.8
(112.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.6
(72.7) 		25.7
(78.3) 		31.6
(88.9) 		37.4
(99.3) 		40.7
(105.3) 		39.6
(103.3) 		34.6
(94.3) 		32.7
(90.9) 		34.2
(93.6) 		33.8
(92.8) 		29.3
(84.7) 		24.5
(76.1) 		32.2
(90.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 8.6
(47.5) 		11.4
(52.5) 		16.8
(62.2) 		22.2
(72.0) 		26.5
(79.7) 		27.7
(81.9) 		26.1
(79.0) 		24.8
(76.6) 		23.6
(74.5) 		19.6
(67.3) 		14.0
(57.2) 		9.5
(49.1) 		19.2
(66.6)
Mean minimum °C (°F) 3.8
(38.8) 		6.1
(43.0) 		11.3
(52.3) 		16.7
(62.1) 		20.9
(69.6) 		22.2
(72.0) 		23.1
(73.6) 		22.3
(72.1) 		20.8
(69.4) 		15.2
(59.4) 		9.1
(48.4) 		4.8
(40.6) 		3.5
(38.3)
Record low °C (°F) −2.2
(28.0) 		−2.2
(28.0) 		3.3
(37.9) 		9.4
(48.9) 		15.6
(60.1) 		19.1
(66.4) 		20.6
(69.1) 		18.9
(66.0) 		15.0
(59.0) 		11.1
(52.0) 		3.3
(37.9) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−2.2
(28.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 5.9
(0.23) 		10.2
(0.40) 		4.4
(0.17) 		7.1
(0.28) 		12.2
(0.48) 		61.9
(2.44) 		190.5
(7.50) 		203.4
(8.01) 		79.6
(3.13) 		19.4
(0.76) 		1.9
(0.07) 		3.8
(0.15) 		600.3
(23.63)
Average rainy days 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.9 1.3 4.2 9.4 9.8 4.8 1.2 0.2 0.3 34.3
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 37 29 21 17 19 33 60 67 50 31 34 39 36
Average dew point °C (°F) 6
(43) 		7
(45) 		7
(45) 		8
(46) 		12
(54) 		19
(66) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		21
(70) 		13
(55) 		9
(48) 		6
(43) 		13
(55)
Average ultraviolet index 5 7 9 11 12 12 12 12 10 8 6 5 9
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[4][5][6] Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)[7]
Source 2: Weather Atlas[8]
Climate data for Jodhpur (Köppen BWh/BSh)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 31.2
(88.2) 		36.0
(96.8) 		41.6
(106.9) 		45.0
(113.0) 		48.9
(120.0) 		47.8
(118.0) 		42.6
(108.7) 		40.3
(104.5) 		42.5
(108.5) 		40.6
(105.1) 		37.5
(99.5) 		32.3
(90.1) 		48.9
(120.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 24.5
(76.1) 		27.4
(81.3) 		33.4
(92.1) 		38.4
(101.1) 		41.2
(106.2) 		40.0
(104.0) 		35.2
(95.4) 		33.5
(92.3) 		34.9
(94.8) 		35.8
(96.4) 		31.2
(88.2) 		26.9
(80.4) 		33.5
(92.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 9.6
(49.3) 		11.7
(53.1) 		17.3
(63.1) 		22.6
(72.7) 		26.5
(79.7) 		27.8
(82.0) 		26.4
(79.5) 		25.4
(77.7) 		23.9
(75.0) 		20.1
(68.2) 		14.7
(58.5) 		11.2
(52.2) 		19.8
(67.6)
Record low °C (°F) 1.8
(35.2) 		0.7
(33.3) 		4.4
(39.9) 		15.6
(60.1) 		15.4
(59.7) 		20.0
(68.0) 		21.0
(69.8) 		21.2
(70.2) 		18.4
(65.1) 		12.5
(54.5) 		5.8
(42.4) 		1.7
(35.1) 		0.7
(33.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 4.0
(0.16) 		4.0
(0.16) 		1.3
(0.05) 		4.8
(0.19) 		17.4
(0.69) 		40.0
(1.57) 		120.5
(4.74) 		111.8
(4.40) 		49.9
(1.96) 		6.9
(0.27) 		1.9
(0.07) 		0.5
(0.02) 		362.9
(14.29)
Average rainy days 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.6 1.2 2.1 6.5 5.9 2.6 0.6 0.2 0.0 21.0
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 27 24 22 19 20 33 52 58 45 29 32 33 32
Average dew point °C (°F) 6
(43) 		7
(45) 		7
(45) 		8
(46) 		12
(54) 		19
(66) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		21
(70) 		13
(55) 		9
(48) 		6
(43) 		13
(55)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 303.8 291.0 288.3 279.0 285.2 132.0 96.1 120.9 180.0 232.5 270.0 294.5 2,773.3
Mean daily sunshine hours 9.8 10.3 9.3 9.3 9.2 4.4 3.1 3.9 6.0 7.5 9.0 9.5 7.6
Average ultraviolet index 5 7 9 11 12 12 12 12 10 8 6 5 9
Source 1: India Meteorological Department (sun 1971–2000)[9][10][11][12] Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)[13]
Source 2: Weather Atlas[14]
Climate data for Bikaner (Köppen BWh)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 32.9
(91.2) 		37.2
(99.0) 		42.8
(109.0) 		47.2
(117.0) 		49.4
(120.9) 		48.9
(120.0) 		47.8
(118.0) 		43.4
(110.1) 		43.9
(111.0) 		42.2
(108.0) 		38.5
(101.3) 		33.5
(92.3) 		49.4
(120.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.4
(74.1) 		26.6
(79.9) 		32.4
(90.3) 		38.4
(101.1) 		42.0
(107.6) 		41.6
(106.9) 		38.6
(101.5) 		37.3
(99.1) 		37.6
(99.7) 		36.2
(97.2) 		31.1
(88.0) 		25.6
(78.1) 		34.2
(93.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1) 		10.9
(51.6) 		16.7
(62.1) 		22.6
(72.7) 		27.4
(81.3) 		29.3
(84.7) 		28.4
(83.1) 		27.2
(81.0) 		25.7
(78.3) 		20.2
(68.4) 		13.6
(56.5) 		8.3
(46.9) 		19.8
(67.6)
Record low °C (°F) −4.0
(24.8) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		8.3
(46.9) 		13.7
(56.7) 		17.8
(64.0) 		20.5
(68.9) 		20.6
(69.1) 		16.5
(61.7) 		7.6
(45.7) 		0.6
(33.1) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−4.0
(24.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 6.2
(0.24) 		9.0
(0.35) 		8.4
(0.33) 		7.4
(0.29) 		29.4
(1.16) 		39.6
(1.56) 		92.5
(3.64) 		54.5
(2.15) 		25.6
(1.01) 		12.3
(0.48) 		1.0
(0.04) 		2.4
(0.09) 		288.4
(11.35)
Average rainy days 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.8 2.3 5.0 3.5 2.0 0.4 0.2 0.2 19.1
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 33 27 20 15 17 27 45 47 37 25 30 35 30
Average dew point °C (°F) 3
(37) 		5
(41) 		7
(45) 		9
(48) 		13
(55) 		19
(66) 		23
(73) 		23
(73) 		20
(68) 		12
(54) 		8
(46) 		5
(41) 		12
(54)
Average ultraviolet index 5 6 7 9 9 9 8 8 8 7 6 4 7
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[15][16] Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)[17]
Source 2: Weather Atlas[18]
Climate data for Jaisalmer (Köppen BWh)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 35.8
(96.4) 		37.8
(100.0) 		42.3
(108.1) 		45.8
(114.4) 		48.0
(118.4) 		49.2
(120.6) 		47.0
(116.6) 		43.3
(109.9) 		43.3
(109.9) 		42.2
(108.0) 		38.8
(101.8) 		34.4
(93.9) 		49.2
(120.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.8
(74.8) 		27.3
(81.1) 		33.3
(91.9) 		39.1
(102.4) 		41.9
(107.4) 		40.9
(105.6) 		38.1
(100.6) 		36.6
(97.9) 		37.1
(98.8) 		36.5
(97.7) 		31.3
(88.3) 		25.4
(77.7) 		34.3
(93.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 7.4
(45.3) 		10.8
(51.4) 		18.1
(64.6) 		21.8
(71.2) 		24.8
(76.6) 		25.8
(78.4) 		25.3
(77.5) 		25.0
(77.0) 		24.2
(75.6) 		19.4
(66.9) 		14.0
(57.2) 		8.8
(47.8) 		18.6
(65.5)
Record low °C (°F) −5.9
(21.4) 		−4.4
(24.1) 		3.4
(38.1) 		10.6
(51.1) 		15.1
(59.2) 		17.2
(63.0) 		20.1
(68.2) 		19.1
(66.4) 		12.9
(55.2) 		8.3
(46.9) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−5.9
(21.4)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 1.3
(0.05) 		5.2
(0.20) 		3.3
(0.13) 		7.2
(0.28) 		7.2
(0.28) 		21.0
(0.83) 		59.2
(2.33) 		72.2
(2.84) 		19.3
(0.76) 		3.0
(0.12) 		0.7
(0.03) 		2.1
(0.08) 		201.6
(7.94)
Average rainy days 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.2 3.3 3.2 1.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 12.0
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) 31 26 22 19 21 29 45 50 39 26 27 31 31
Average dew point °C (°F) 7
(45) 		10
(50) 		13
(55) 		14
(57) 		17
(63) 		22
(72) 		24
(75) 		24
(75) 		23
(73) 		18
(64) 		13
(55) 		9
(48) 		16
(61)
Average ultraviolet index 5 6 8 8 9 8 8 8 8 7 6 4 7
Source 1: India Meteorological Department[19][20] Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005-2015)[21]
Source 2: Weather Atlas[22]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Rajasthan: temperature, climate & weather".
  2. ^ "Watch | is it Snowing in Rajasthan? Mind-Boggling Video Goes Viral on Twitter". 15 December 2019.
  3. ^ a b c "Jaipur Climatological Table Period: 1971–2000". India Meteorological Department. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
  4. ^ "Station: Jaipur (Sanganer) Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 343–344. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  5. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M180. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
  6. ^ "Jaipur (Sanganer)(42348)". India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
  7. ^ "Climate & Weather Averages in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India". Time and Date. Retrieved 18 July 2022.
  8. ^ "Climate and monthly weather forecast Jaipur, India". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  9. ^ "Station: Jodhpur RS/RW Climatological Table 1971–2000" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1971–2000. India Meteorological Department. October 2011. pp. 365–366. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  10. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M183. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  11. ^ "Highest Maximum Temperature (°C) Ever Recorded" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  12. ^ "Table 3 Monthly mean duration of Sun Shine (hours) at different locations in India" (PDF). Daily Normals of Global & Diffuse Radiation (1971–2000). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 6 April 2020.
  13. ^ "Climate & Weather Averages in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India". Time and Date. Retrieved 22 July 2022.
  14. ^ "Climate and monthly weather forecast Jodhpur, India". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  15. ^ "Station: Bikaner(P.B.O) Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 151–152. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  16. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M176. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  17. ^ "Climate & Weather Averages in Bikaner, Rajasthan, India". Time and Date. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  18. ^ "Climate and monthly weather forecast Bikaner, India". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
  19. ^ "Station: Jaisalmer Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 345–346. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  20. ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M181. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  21. ^ "Climate & Weather Averages in Jaisalmer, Rajasthan, India". Time and Date. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
  22. ^ "Climate and monthly weather forecast Jaisalmer, India". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 13 June 2022.
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