Clyde Roark Hoey
United States Senator
from North Carolina
In office
January 3, 1945 – May 12, 1954
Preceded byRobert R. Reynolds
Succeeded bySam Ervin
59th Governor of North Carolina
In office
January 7, 1937 – January 9, 1941
LieutenantWilkins P. Horton
Preceded byJohn C.B. Ehringhaus
Succeeded byJ. Melville Broughton
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from North Carolina's 9th district
In office
December 16, 1919 – March 3, 1921
Preceded byEdwin Y. Webb
Succeeded byAlfred L. Bulwinkle
Member of the North Carolina State Senate
In office
1902-1904
Member of the North Carolina House of Representatives
In office
1898-1902
Personal details
Born(1877-12-11)December 11, 1877
Shelby, North Carolina, U.S.
DiedMay 12, 1954(1954-05-12) (aged 76)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
SpouseMargaret Gardner Hoey

Clyde Roark Hoey (December 11, 1877 – May 12, 1954) was an American Democratic politician from North Carolina. He served in both houses of the state legislature and served briefly in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1919 to 1921. He was North Carolina's governor from 1937 to 1941. He entered the U.S. Senate in 1945 and served there until his death in 1954, only days before the Brown v. Board of Education decision. He was a segregationist.

Biography

Hoey (HOO-ee)[1] was born to Captain Samuel Alberta Hoey, a Confederate States Army officer, and Mary Charlotte Roark.[2][3] He attended school until age eleven. He worked on his family's farm and bought a weekly newspaper when he was 16. He was elected to the state legislature when he was twenty. He served as a state representative and then as a state senator.[4] He was elected in a special election to the United States House of Representatives to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Edwin Y. Webb who had accepted a federal judgeship. He defeated a Republican who opposed United States support for the League of Nations.[5] He served from 1919 to 1921.[3] He prosecuted the leaders of the 1929 Loray Mill strike for the murder of the Gastonia police chief.[6]

He was the 59th governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina from 1937 to 1941. In July 1937, he pardoned Luke Lea, a Tennessee politician and former U.S. senator, who had been paroled a year earlier.[7] His appointment of a black man to the board of trustees of a black college set a precedent.[8] Following the 1938 Gaines Supreme Court decision on racial segregation in higher education, he asked the North Carolina legislature to provide for segregated higher education for blacks. Though opposed to integrated education, he said that the people of the state "do believe in equality of opportunity in their respective fields of service" and that "the white race cannot afford to do less than simple justice to the Negro."[9] In a speech he gave before members of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, Hoey stated "Niggers are not entitled to civil rights and will never get them. There were no niggers on the Mayflower."[10][better source needed]

In 1940, Hoey quietly opposed a third term for FDR.[11] When he believed that President Franklin D. Roosevelt would not seek a third term, Hoey rejected the favorite son role for which the state legislature had recommended him and supported the presidential candidacy of Secretary of State Cordell Hull.[12]

Hoey won election to the U.S. Senate in 1944.[13] He served from 1945 until his death in 1954.

Hoey's politics were those of a conservative Democrat. He opposed Harry S. Truman's attempt to make the Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC) permanent. He promised to filibuster the effort as an attack on "the rights of every businessman in America."[14] He supported the President's threats against striking railroad workers in December 1946.[15] In the 1948 election, he supported Truman over the alternative, Strom Thurmond.[16]

He supported President Truman's refusal to allow Congress access to records of government employees' loyalty investigations.[4]

In 1950, Hoey opposed statehood for Hawaii because he thought it "inconceivable" to allow a territory with "only a small percentage of white people" to become a state. He advocated independence for Hawaii and cited U.S. treatment of Cuba and the Philippines as precedents.[17]

From 1949 to 1952 he headed the Investigations Subcommittee of the Committee on Expenditures in Executive Departments. He conducted hearings into the role of "five percenters", government influence peddlers. In 1950 he chaired an investigation that resulted in a report, known as the Hoey Report, released in December of that year that said all of the government's intelligence agencies "are in complete agreement that sex perverts [meaning, primarily, gay men] in Government constitute security risks.".[18] Douglas Charles characterizes Hoey's involvement in the committee as reluctant, due to fears that the issue could become hyperbolic, leaving chief counsel Francis Flanagan as the actual driving force behind the Hoey Report [19] The 1957 Crittenden Report, a review by the U.S. Navy, criticized it: "No intelligence agency, as far as can be learned, adduced any factual data before that committee with which to support these opinions."[20]

Hoey married Bessie Gardner, sister of North Carolina Governor O. Max Gardner. They had three children. His wife died in 1942.[4] He was a lifelong member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South and taught Sunday school classes.[21] He was also a member of the Freemasons, Odd Fellows, Woodmen of the World, and the Knights of Pythias.[21]

Hoey died at his desk in his Washington, D.C., office.[4] Sam Ervin was appointed to his seat in June 1954.

Legacy

In 1974, journalist Jonathan Daniels assessed Hoey's politics as "always satisfactory to conservative interests without being abrasive to New Dealers."[22]

Three university buildings in North Carolina were named for Hoey, but have been renamed. The first renaming was in July 2019, when, given Hoey's history of segregationist advocacy and use of racist language in a public address, his name was removed from North Carolina Central University's administration building and replaced with that of the university's African-American founder, James E. Shepard.[23] Hoey Hall, a dormitory at Appalachian State University,[24] and Hoey Auditorium, on the campus of Western Carolina University ,[25] were renamed in June 2020, as part of the name changes due to the George Floyd protests. According to a unanimous vote of the trustees of Western Carolina, "Hoey's espoused racist views are contrary to this university's core values of diversity and equality."[25]

See also

References

  1. ^ "U.S. At War: Hoey for Buncombe". Time. June 5, 1944. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  2. ^ Prominent People of North Carolina: Brief Biographies of Leading People for Ready Reference Purposes. Asheville, NC: Evening News Pub. Co. 1906. p. 2.
  3. ^ a b "GOVERNOR CLYDE ROARK HOEY, 1936-1941, n.d." State Archives of North Carolina. April 27, 2012. p. 1. Retrieved January 29, 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d "Senator Hoey, 76, is Dead in Capital. Former Governor of North Carolina Succumbs at His Office. Took Post in 1945". The New York Times. May 13, 1954. Archived from the original on March 23, 2017. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
  5. ^ The New York Times: "North Carolina Elects Democrat to Congress". December 17, 1919 Archived July 29, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, accessed May 2, 2011
  6. ^ Irons, Janet Christine (2000). Testing the New Deal: The General Textile Strike of 1934 in the American South. University of Illinois Press. p. 167. ISBN 9780252068409.
  7. ^ "Milestones, Jul. 12, 1937". Time. July 12, 1937. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
  8. ^ Augustus M. Burns III, "Graduate Education for Blacks in North Carolina, 1930–1951", in The Journal of Southern History, vol. 46, no. 2 (May 1980), 209
  9. ^ Bill Weaver and Oscar C. Page, "The Black Press and the Drive for Integrated Graduate and Professional Schools", in Phylon, vol. 43, no. 1 (1982) 19n22
  10. ^ "Clyde Hoey Was a Racist Whose Name Still Adorns a Building at North Carolina Central University". February 8, 2019.
  11. ^ Grayson, 283
  12. ^ The New York Times: " April 19, 1940 Archived July 22, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, accessed May 2, 2011
  13. ^ The New York Times: Hoey Tops Opponents by 100,000", May 29, 1944 Archived July 22, 2018, at the Wayback Machine, accessed May 2, 2011
  14. ^ Grayson, 290
  15. ^ Grayson, 291
  16. ^ Grayson, 296
  17. ^ Ann K. Ziker, "Segregationists Confront American Empire: The Conservative White South and the Question of Hawaiian Statehood, 1947–1959", in Pacific Historical Review, vol. 76, no. 3 (August 2007), 462–3
  18. ^ David K. Johnson, The Lavender Scare: The Cold War Persecution of Gays and Lesbians in the Federal Government (University of Chicago Press, 2004), 101–2, 114–5
  19. ^ Douglas Charles, "Hoover's War on Gays: Exposing the FBI's 'Sex Deviates' Program" (University Press of Kansas, 2015), 86
  20. ^ Jennifer Terry, An American Obsession: Science, Medicine, and Homosexuality in Modern Society (University of Chicago Press, 1999), 347
  21. ^ a b "The Duplin times. (Warsaw, N.C.) 1933-1963, October 17, 1935, Image 8 · North Carolina Newspapers".
  22. ^ A. G. Grayson, "North Carolina and Harry Truman, 1944—1948", in Journal of American Studies, vol. 9, no. 3 (December 1975), 284
  23. ^ Stancill, Jane (February 27, 2019). "NCCU removes name of segregationist Hoey from its administrative building". News & Observer. Archived from the original on May 31, 2019. Retrieved July 6, 2020.
  24. ^ Broyles, Emily (June 2, 2020). "App State removes Hoey, Lovill residence hall signs amid name change". The Appalachian.
  25. ^ a b Studenc, Bill (June 29, 2020). "WCU board removes name 'Hoey' from campus auditorium". Western Carolina University. Archived from the original on June 29, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2020.

External links

Party political offices Preceded byJohn C. B. Ehringhaus Democratic nominee for Governor of North Carolina 1936 Succeeded byJ. Melville Broughton Preceded byRobert Rice Reynolds Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from North Carolina(Class 3) 1944, 1950 Succeeded bySam Ervin U.S. House of Representatives Preceded byEdwin Y. Webb Member of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom North Carolina's 9th congressional district 1919–1921 Succeeded byAlfred L. Bulwinkle Political offices Preceded byJohn C.B. Ehringhaus Governor of North Carolina 1937–1941 Succeeded byJ. Melville Broughton U.S. Senate Preceded byRobert Rice Reynolds U.S. senator (Class 3) from North Carolina 1945–1954 Served alongside: Josiah W. Bailey, William B. Umstead,Joseph M. Broughton, Frank P. Graham, Willis Smith,Alton Asa Lennon Succeeded bySam Ervin
Governors and lieutenant governors of North Carolina
United States senators from North Carolina
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