Coenobita perlatus

Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Malacostraca
Order:	Decapoda
Suborder:	Pleocyemata
Infraorder:	Anomura
Family:	Coenobitidae
Genus:	Coenobita
Species:	C. perlatus
Binomial name
*Coenobita perlatus* H. Milne-Edwards, 1837 ^[1]

Coenobita perlatus is a species of terrestrial hermit crab. It is known as the strawberry hermit crab because of its reddish-orange colours. It is a widespread scavenger across the Indo-Pacific, and wild-caught specimens are traded to hobby aquarists.

Description

Adults may grow to a typical length of 80 mm (3.1 in) and weight of 80 g (2.8 oz), and inhabit discarded gastropod shells.^[2] They are coloured red or orange; this has led to the species' common name of strawberry hermit crab.^[3] C. perlatus and the other members of Coenobita should not be considered easy pets, as the conditions they need in the wild are difficult and expensive to set up in captivity. Even ideal captive conditions still considerably shorten their life, and they never reproduce.

Distribution

C. perlatus lives in a wide swathe of the Indo-Pacific, from Indonesia, Mauritius, Seychelles, and Aldabra in the west to Samoa in the east.^[4] In Australia, the species is limited to Christmas Island, the Cocos Islands, the Great Barrier Reef, and the Coral Sea Islands Territory.^[2] In the wild, animals may live for 25–30 years, but in captivity they only live for 1–4 years and do not reproduce.^[4]

Ecology and behaviour

C. perlatus keeps a supply of water in the shell it inhabits. It returns to the sea at night to refresh its water, and it performs osmoregulation by taking appropriate quantities of sea water and fresh water.^[5] In the heat of the day, it can bury itself in damp sand as a means of thermoregulation and to prevent water loss.^[6] It can also withdraw into its shell and close the aperture with its claws.^[6]

C. perlatus is an efficient scavenger, to the extent that the low numbers of carrion-breeding flies on many islands have been attributed to the presence of C. perlatus.^[7] It has also been observed to use its claws to pinch the live flesh from the invasive land snail Achatina fulica.^[8]

Eggs are brooded inside the shell that the female inhabits, but are released into the sea.^[6]

Taxonomic history

C. perlatus was originally described in 1837 by Henri Milne-Edwards, based on material from Mauritius.^[2]

Pets

C. perlatus is the rarest of the six species that are frequently found in the hobby aquarium trade.^[3]

References

^ Patsy McLaughlin. P. McLaughlin (ed.). "Coenobita perlatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837". World Paguroidea database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Species Coenobita perlatus H. Milne Edwards, 1837". Australian Faunal Directory. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. January 30, 2009. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
^ ^a ^b Audrey Pavia (2006). "What is a hermit crab?" (PDF). Hermit Crab: Your Happy Healthy Pet. pp. 13–22. ISBN 978-0-471-79379-3.
^ ^a ^b Noelle McKenzie (1999). "Coenobita perlatus". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
^ Colin Little (1990). "Life on land". The terrestrial invasion: an ecophysiological approach to the origins of land animals. Cambridge studies in ecology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 201–246. ISBN 978-0-521-33669-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Coastal Monsoon". South Australian Museum. Archived from the original on September 3, 2006. Retrieved April 15, 2010.
^ Joseph C. Britton & Brian Morton (1993). "Are there obligate marine scavengers?". In Brian Morton (ed.). The marine biology of the South China Sea: proceedings of the First International Conference on the Marine Biology of Hong Kong and the South China Sea, Hong Kong, 28 October-3 November 1990, Volume 2. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 357–392. ISBN 978-962-209-355-3.
^ P. D. Srivastava (1992). Problem of land snail pests in agriculture: a study of the giant African snail. Concept Publishing Company. p. 168. ISBN 978-81-7022-435-8.