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((Short description|Postage stamp sold in strips one stamp wide))
((Refimprove|date=December 2009))
[[Image:Stamp US 1954 2c Jefferson coil pair.jpg|right|thumb|This 2-cent coil stamp of the US 1954 Liberty series was used heavily throughout the 1950s and 60s.]]
[[File:SG558 4d 1957 Scouts Coil Strip.jpg|right|thumb|A coil strip of British 1957 Scouting [[commemorative stamp]]s with the trimming of the perforations on one side clearly visible.]]
[[Image:Stamp US 1917 3c Washington perf10h line pair.jpg|right|120px|thumb|A vertical coil pair with a joint line, US 1917.]]
A '''coil stamp''' is a type of [[postage stamp]] sold in strips one stamp wide. The name derives from the usual handling of long strips, which is to coil them into rolls, in a manner reminiscent of [[adhesive tape]] rolls. A large percentage of modern stamps are sold in coil form, because they are more amenable to mechanized handling in large quantities than either [[Sheet of stamps|sheet stamp]]s or [[Postage stamp booklet|booklet stamp]]s.

==Origins==
Coil stamps first appeared at the beginning of the 20th century.

==In Sweden==
While in most countries coil production is restricted to the workaday stamps used in large quantities, [[Sweden]] has produced coil versions of most of their stamps since 1920.

==In the United Kingdom==
In the UK, coil stamps first appeared in 1907, to supply newly installed [[stamp vending machine]]s. As these were cut from complete sheets, they are perforated on all four sides. As each stamp was worth either a half or one old [[penny]] and 240 pence made up one [[pound sterling]], the coils were in rolls of 960 or 480 each.

==In the United States==
In the [[United States]], [[vending machine]] companies began to experiment with the automated dispensing of stamps. Early efforts to break sheets into strips manually did not work well, since they were prone to tearing and jamming, and soon the companies began to request [[imperforate]] sheets from the post office, cutting those into strips and punching holes of various shapes between each stamp. A variety of these "private coils" is known, some quite rare.

The first US government-produced coils appeared in 1908, produced by pasting together enough imperforate sheets to make rolls of 500 or 1,000 stamps, cutting them into strips and perforating between. The 1-cent, 2-cent and 5-cent values in the Series of 1902 (Second Bureau Issue) were produced in coil versions, but relatively few copies exist because in late 1908 the series was superseded by the Washington-Franklin Issues.  As a result, all Second Bureau coils are quite rare.  Even the most common, the horizontal 2-cent coil, can fetch as much as US$2000, while the much rarer, the 1-cent vertical coil, brought $130,000 at an auction in 2009, and the even rarer 2-cent vertical coil (only eight copies are known) would surely sell for considerably more, should one become available.<ref>[http://www.siegelauctions.com/lot_grd.php?btnSubmit=Search&sale_no=&lot_no=&fastsale=on&sdate1=01%2F01%2F1930&sdate2=10%2F11%2F2011&lotclass=All&majgroup=United+States&cat_supgroup=U.S.+Stamps&subgroup=All&lot_catfk=All&catselect=eq&srtorder=316&pfoper=gt&pfgrade=&gandor=or&pseoper=gt&psegrade=&symbol%5B%5D=All&realized1=&realized2=&keyword=&recsperpage=10&sea_name=&pscolumn=default&sortord=DESC&calledfrom=lkp&sea_emailflag=on&pscolumn=default&sortord=DESC&calledfrom=lkp Siegel Power Search]</ref>

Later a [[rotary press]] was adopted, which eliminated the pasting stage. The cylindrical plate used on a rotary press has a seam where ink tends to accumulate, resulting in [[joint line pair]]s.

==Perforations==
The perforations of coil stamps are usually found along the right and left sides ("vertical perf"), but they have also been produced with perforations along the top and bottom ("horizontal perf"). Longer perforations on one side than the other, and separation by cutting rather than tearing, are indications that a stamp may have come from a coil.

==Recent innovations==
A recent innovation enabled by [[Pressure sensitive adhesive|self-adhesive]] technology is the '''linerless coil stamp'''. While most [[self-adhesive stamp]]s have backing paper, linerless coils are like a roll of adhesive tape. Such rolls tend to be enormous, with thousands of stamps, and tend to be used only by large mailing operations.

==See also==
* [[1935 Irish 2d coil stamp]] An experimental Irish stamp.
* [[Plate number coil]]
* [[Coil waste]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==Further reading==
* Armstrong, Martin A. ''The Coil Issues of the United States, 1906-1938''. Lawrenceville, N.J.: M.A. Armstrong Enterprises: Trenton Pub. Co., 1980 124p.
* Jaffé, Hans H. and R.E. Kuntz. ''Coils: A Worldwide Catalog = Roulettes = Rollenmarken''. Cincinnati: H. Jaffé, 1980 84p.
* Rudd, Charles D. ''Coil Stamps: Introduction, Development and Uses''. Christchurch: Selwyn Stamps, 1995 ((ISBN|0-473-02952-9)) 89p.

== External links ==
* [http://www.gbstamprolls.com The £sd Postage Stamps of Great Britain Issued in Rolls]

((DEFAULTSORT:Coil Stamp))
[[Category:Philatelic terminology]]

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