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((Short description|Town in Devon, England))
((Use dmy dates|date=October 2019))
((More citations needed|date=June 2010))
((Infobox UK place
|country =          England
|coordinates = ((coord|50.737883|-3.069354|display=inline,title))
|official_name =    Colyton
|static_image_name = Colyton-standrew.jpg
|static_image_caption = St. Andrew's church,<br>with its octagonal [[lantern tower]]
| population = 2,105
| population_ref = (2011)
 |shire_county =     [[Devon]]
|region =           South West England
|post_town = Colyton
|postcode_district =EX24
|postcode_area =    EX
|dial_code =        01297
|constituency_westminster= [[Tiverton and Honiton (UK Parliament constituency)|Tiverton and Honiton]]
|os_grid_reference=	SY245937))

'''Colyton''' is a town in [[Devon]], [[England]]. It is located within the [[East Devon]] local authority area, the river [[River Coly]] runs through it. It is ((convert|3|mi|0)) from [[Seaton, Devon|Seaton]] and ((convert|6|mi|0)) from [[Axminster]]. Its population in 1991 was 2,783, reducing to 2,105 at the [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 Census]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-southwestengland.php?cityid=E35000005|title=Town population 2011|access-date= 24 February 2015))</ref> Colyton is a major part of the Coly Valley [[electoral ward]]. The ward population at the above census was 4,493.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.ukcensusdata.com/coly-valley-e05003465#sthash.D0wLBiCb.dpbs|title=Coly Valley ward 2011|access-date=24 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304024002/http://www.ukcensusdata.com/coly-valley-e05003465#sthash.D0wLBiCb.dpbs|archive-date=4 March 2016|url-status=dead))</ref>

==Toponymy==
Colyton is first recorded in 964 as ''Culintona''. The name is thought to derive from a Celtic river name and the ((lang-ang|tun)), meaning "place". It is generally agreed to mean "farmstead by the [[River Coly]]".<ref>((cite book |last= Mills |first= A.D. |year= 2003 |title= Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names |page= 127 |publisher= Oxford University Press |location= Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-852758-9 ))</ref>

==History==
Colyton first appeared as an ancient village around 700 AD and features in the [[Domesday Book]] as ''Culitone''. The third code of law of King [[Edmund I]] was issued at Colyton in about 945. This helped to stabilize feudal society, by stating clearly its four pillars: kingship, lordship, family, and neighbourhood.<ref>((Cite ODNB|last=Williams|first=Ann|date=23 September 2004|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/8501|title=Edmund I))</ref> It grew into an important agricultural centre and market town with a [[corn mill]], [[saw mill]], [[iron]] [[foundry]] and an [[oak]] bark [[Tanning (leather)|tannery]] that is still functioning. Situated ((convert|0.5|mile|m)) to the north of the town was [[Colcombe Castle]], now demolished, a former seat of the Courtenay family, [[Earl of Devon|Earls of Devon]].

((multiple image
 | width = 130
 | footer = The front (left) and back faces of a gold [[florin (British coin)|half leopard]] coin of [[Edward III of England|Edward III]], minted in 1344 and found at Colyton.<ref>((cite web |url= https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/730465 |title= Finds record for: FASAM-638757 |author= Moorhead, S |access-date= 27 August 2022 |publisher= The Portable Antiquities Scheme))</ref>
 | image1 = Medieval coin, Edward III quarter-florin obverse (FindID 730465).jpg
 | alt1 = 
 | caption1 = 
 | image2 = Medieval coin, Edward III quarter-florin (FindID 730465).jpg
 | alt2 = 
 | caption2 = 
 ))
Following the [[attainder]] of the [[Marquis of Exeter]] the Courtenay lands [[escheat]]ed to the Crown, and those within Colyton were sold back for £1,000 to various residents of Colyton parish, as listed in a deed transcribed in the [[Letters and Papers of Henry VIII]] dated 6 January 1547, summarised as "John Clarke and others. Grant in free [[socage]], subject to rents etc. (specified), for l,000l., of the following lands (extents given) in the parish of Colyton, which are parcels of Colyton manor, Devon, and belonged to Henry Marquis of Exeter, attainted".<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/letters-papers-hen8/vol21/no2/pp388-453|title=Henry VIII: January 1547, 30-31 - British History Online|website=www.british-history.ac.uk|access-date=30 January 2018))</ref>  This was the origin of the [[Feoffee]]s of Colyton, who continued to hold in common various properties in the parish.<ref>See [[William Henry Hamilton Rogers|Rogers, William Henry Hamilton]], ''Memorials of the West, Historical and Descriptive, Collected on the Borderland of Somerset, Dorset and Devon'', Exeter, 1888, p.229 [https://archive.org/stream/memorialsofwesth00roge#page/228/mode/2up]</ref>

The town has been described as "the most rebellious town in Devon" due to the number of its inhabitants who joined the [[Monmouth Rebellion]] in 1685.<ref>((cite news|title=Revealed: the most family friendly place to live in Devon is Colyton|url=http://www.exeterexpressandecho.co.uk/revealed-family-friendly-place-live-devon-colyton/story-20061849-detail/story.html|access-date=4 July 2016|work=Express & Echo|date=11 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508003954/http://www.exeterexpressandecho.co.uk/Revealed-family-friendly-place-live-Devon-Colyton/story-20061849-detail/story.html|archive-date=8 May 2015|url-status=dead))</ref><ref>((cite web|url=http://www.colytonhistory.co.uk/colyton-history-rebel-list.php#|work=Colyton Parish History Society|title=Some Colyton Rebels and their Fate|access-date=27 May 2019))</ref>

==The church==
[[File:St Andrew's Church, Colyton - geograph.org.uk - 128580.jpg|thumb|upright|St Andrew's Church]]
The [[Church of England parish church]] of St Andrew's, is a Grade I [[listed building]].<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-87923-church-of-st-andrew-colyton-devon#.WGZXOfmLTmY|title=Church of St Andrew, Colyton, Devon |website=www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk |access-date=30 January 2018))</ref> A [[Anglo-Saxons|Saxon]] church occupied the site of St Andrew's until replaced by the present [[Norman Architecture|Norman]] church in the 11th century. The 14th century octagonal [[lantern tower]] is said to have been used as a beacon for ships on the once navigable [[River Axe, Devon|River Axe]], to the east, although there is doubt that the tower may be seen at all from the river. The nearby vicarage, Brerewood House, is a Grade II listed building<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/101098505-brerewood-housethe-vicarage-colytondates|title=Brerewood House the Vicarage, Colyton, Devon |website=www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk|access-date=30 January 2018))</ref> from about 1529.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.heritagegateway.org.uk/Gateway/Results_Single.aspx?uid=MDV11321&resourceID=104 |title=Heritage Gateway - Results |website=www.heritagegateway.org.uk |access-date=30 January 2018))</ref>

==Other notable features==
[[File:Tram in Colyton Station, Devon (geograph 4182976).jpg|thumb|Seaton Tramway at Kingsdon]]
[[Colyton Grammar School]] dates from 1546 and once occupied the part-medieval building now known as the Old Church House. In 1927 it moved to [[Colyford]], a small village within the Colyton parish. The school has made headlines in recent years as the first school to opt-out of local authority control and gain [[Grant-maintained school|grant-maintained]] status and for achieving very high rankings in national examination league tables.

[[Seaton Tramway]] terminates at nearby Kingsdon on the other side of the River Coly. Colyton Station was opened in 1868 and was originally part of the [[Seaton branch line|Seaton Branch line]], which connected [[Seaton, Devon|Seaton]], [[Colyford]] and Colyton with the main line at [[Seaton Junction railway station|Seaton Junction]]. When the line closed in 1966, Modern Electric Tramways Ltd purchased the section between Seaton Riverside and Colyton, and Seaton Tramway was established in 1970. The line was extended in stages and Colyton was reached in 1980. The original station building has been restored and extended, and now houses the Tramway's ticket office, gift shop and Tram Stop Restaurant. The Tramway is open daily from Easter until the end of October, with a more limited service running at other times.

In 2018 the town made international news following an anonymous letter of complaint about a resident airing her laundry outside.<ref>((cite news|url=https://metro.co.uk/2018/06/13/colyton-washing-wars-town-hang-laundry-street-protest-anonymous-letter-7626464|work=[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]|title=Colyton washing wars as town hang laundry in the street in protest at anonymous letter|first=Richard|last=Hartley-Parkinson|date=13 June 2018))</ref><ref>((cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/06/13/world/europe/laundry-rebellion-england.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|title=A Town Airs Its Laundry, and Is Proud of It|first=Kimiko|last=de Freytas-Tamura|date=13 June 2018))</ref><ref>((cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/the-laundry-revolution-who-knew-a-woman-hanging-clothes-outside-her-house-could-cause-a-rebellion/articleshow/64618005.cms|work=[[The Economic Times]]|title=The laundry revolution: Who knew a woman hanging clothes outside her house could cause a rebellion|location=India|date=17 June 2018))</ref> The letter, claiming to be written "on behalf of local business", inspired other residents and businesses to hang underwear outside properties in the town in solidarity with the letter's recipient.<ref>((cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-devon-44452491|work=[[BBC News]]|title=Colyton airs laundry in support of washing line mum|date=12 June 2018))</ref> In 2019 townsfolk held the first annual "Raising of the Pants" festival to commemorate the controversy.<ref>((cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/m0005b23/the-one-show-24052019|work=[[BBC One]]|title=The One Show|date=24 May 2019))</ref>

The town is on the route of the [[East Devon Way]] footpath.


==Transport==

Bus service 885 serves Colyton on its route between Beer and Axminster via Seaton.<ref>((cite web | url = https://avmtbustimes.wixsite.com/mysite/timetables | title = Timetables | year = 2023 | website = AVMT buses | access-date = 2023-08-06))</ref> The X30 provides links to Seaton and Exeter.<ref>((cite web | url = https://www.devon.gov.uk/news/new-bus-services-launched-with-improvement-plan-funding/ | title = New bus services launched with improvement plan funding | date = 2023-05-09 | website = [[Devon County Council]] | access-date = 2023-08-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230510110909/https://www.devon.gov.uk/news/new-bus-services-launched-with-improvement-plan-funding/ | archive-date = 2023-05-10))</ref>

The [[Seaton Tramway]] also reaches Colyton, at the [[Colyton tram stop]], although this is more tourism-based rather than regular transport.

==Historic estates==
Historic estates within the parish include:
*[[Great House, Colyton|Great House]], seat of the [[Yonge baronets|Yonge family]]
*[[Old Shute House|Shute]], seat of the [[Pole Baronets|Pole family]]
*[[Colcombe Castle]], seat of the Courtenays, [[Earl of Devon|Earls of Devon]], later of the Poles of Shute

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
((Commons category|Colyton, Devon))
*[http://www.colytonhistory.co.uk/ Colyton Parish History Society]

((East Devon))
((Devon))
((authority control))

[[Category:Towns in Devon]]
[[Category:Civil parishes in Devon]]
[[Category:East Devon District]]

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