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((Use dmy dates|date=October 2023))
((More citations needed|date=January 2021))
((Infobox royalty
|name             = Conrad II Otto
| image           = PecetKonradaIIOty.jpg
| caption         = Seal of Conrad II Otto
| succession      = [[List of Bohemian monarchs|Duke of Bohemia]]
| reign           = March 1189 – 9 September 1191
| coronation      = 
| full name       =
| predecessor     = [[Frederick, Duke of Bohemia|Frederick]]
| successor       = [[Wenceslaus II, Duke of Bohemia|Wenceslaus II]]

| spouse          = [[Hellicha of Wittelsbach]]
| spouses         = 
| issue           = 
| issue-link      =
| issue-pipe      = 
| dynasty         = [[Přemyslid dynasty|Přemyslid]]
| father          = [[Conrad II of Znojmo]]
| mother          = [[Marija of Rascia]]
| birth_date      = ((circa|1136))/1140
| birth_place     = 
| death_date      = 9 September 1191 (aged c. 51–55)
| death_place     = near [[Naples]], [[Kingdom of Sicily]]
| date of burial  =
| place of burial =
))
'''Conrad II Otto''' (((Lang-cs|Konrád II. Ota)); ((circa|1136))/1140<ref>((Cite web|url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/bohemia/bohemia1.html|title = Bohemia 1))</ref> – 9 September 1191), a member of [[Přemyslid dynasty]], was the first [[margrave of Moravia]] from 1182 to 1189 and [[duke of Bohemia]] from 1189 until his death.

==Family history==
Conrad was the son of count [[Conrad II of Znojmo]] and [[Marija of Rascia|Maria]], a daughter of Grand Prince [[Uroš I, Grand Prince of Serbia|Uroš I of Serbia]]. Conrad was the grandson of [[Luitpold of Znojmo|Luitpold]], the first ruler of the Přemyslid appanage of [[Znojmo]] in southern Moravia. Conrad's sister [[Helen of Znojmo]] became a [[List of Polish consorts|Polish duchess]] by her marriage to High Duke [[Casimir II the Just]].

==Rule over Znojmo==
After the death of his father in 1161, he assumed the rule over the Znojmo principality. In 1173 he occupied the lands of [[Brno]], which controlled more than the half of the Moravian territory (except for [[Olomouc]]) at that time. When in summer 1176 he also invaded the region north of the [[Danube]] that belonged to Duke [[Soběslav II, Duke of Bohemia|Soběslav II of Bohemia]], he became entangled in the duke's conflict with his nephew [[Frederick, Duke of Bohemia|Frederick]] (''Bedřich''). Conrad attacked churches and monasteries and was excommunicated by [[Pope Alexander III]].

After Frederick had again obtained the support of Emperor [[Frederick Barbarossa]], Conrad and Duke [[Leopold V, Duke of Austria|Leopold V of Austria]] joined him on his campaign into Moravia and the occupation of [[Prague]] in 1178. Frederick was re-installed as Bohemian duke and Conrad expected to be rewarded with Olomouc, however, his hopes were dashed.

==Margrave of Moravia==
Conrad took a chance on revenge when he rose against the unpopular Frederick in 1182. The duke fled from Prague and only with the emperor's consent was able to retain the Bohemian throne. At the same time, Frederick Barbarossa aimed at weakening his rule: he summoned the adversaries to the [[Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)|Imperial Diet]] at [[Regensburg]], where he appointed Conrad ruler of the united principalities of Znojmo, Brno and Olomouc, elevated to the [[Margraviate of Moravia]]. Deliberately or not, these measures only fuelled the internal Přemyslid quarrels. The conflict between the Bohemian and the Moravian branches culminated in a bloody battle at [[Loděnice (Brno-Country District)|Loděnice]] on 10 December 1185, after which both sides chose to enter into peace negotiations. Conrad and Frederick met at [[Nový Knín|Knín]], where the margrave recognised Frederick's suzerainty and was acknowledged in turn as ruler of Moravia by the duke and as his successor upon his death.

==Duke of Bohemia==
When Frederick died on 25 March 1189, Conrad was made duke with the unanimous support of the Bohemian nobility. He renounced his margravial title in order to unite the Bohemian and Moravian lands under his rule. In May of that year, he received the formal affirmation of the emperor. Conrad assumed an active role in Imperial politics, arbitrating in the conflict around the disputed succession of Margrave [[Otto II of Meissen]].
[[File:Jindřich VI. obléhá Neapol (1191).jpg|thumb|Bohemian forces (r.) besieging Naples, [[Peter of Eboli]], ''[[Liber ad honorem Augusti]]'', [[Palermo]], 1196]]
During his short reign in Bohemia, Duke Conrad was beholden to the nobles. He was forced to concede them a set of privileges by the ''iura Conradi'' (Czech: ''Statuta Konrádova''), the first Bohemian [[codex]] issued at [[Sadská]] in 1189. Among the concessions were these:
*freemen guaranteed against the abuses of the duke or the provincial courts under his [[župan]]s
*extension of the right of inheritance to the daughters and brothers of deceased lords
*confiscation of property only after a long legal procedure conforming to local custom.
In 1190, Conrad and his mother Maria founded the [[Premonstratensians|Premonstratensian]] Louka Abbey in Znojmo.

Released from the obligation of participating in the [[Third Crusade]], Conrad accompanied [[Emperor Henry VI|Henry VI]], the emperor's son, to [[Southern Italy]] as part of his attempt to conquer the [[Kingdom of Sicily]] from [[Tancred of Sicily|Tancred]] in right of Henry's wife [[Constance of Sicily|Constance]]. On the campaign, Conrad died of the [[Bubonic plague|plague]] in an Imperial military camp near besieged [[Naples]]. First buried in [[Monte Cassino]] Abbey, his mortal remains were later transferred to [[Prague]].

Conrad's marriage with [[Hellicha of Wittelsbach]] remained childless. He was succeeded by [[Wenceslaus II, Duke of Bohemia|Wenceslaus II]], a younger brother of late Duke Soběslav II of Bohemia.

== References ==
((Commons category))
((Reflist))

((S-start))
((S-hou|[[Přemyslid dynasty]]||((circa|1136))|9 September|1191))
|-
((s-new)) 
((s-ttl|title=[[Margrave of Moravia]]|years=1182–1189)) 
((s-vac|next=[[Vladislaus III, Duke of Bohemia|Vladislaus Henry]]))
((s-bef|before=[[Frederick, Duke of Bohemia|Frederick]])) 
((s-ttl|title=[[Duke of Bohemia]]|years=1189–1191)) 
((s-aft|after=[[Wenceslaus II, Duke of Bohemia|Wenceslaus II]]))
((S-end))

((Monarchs of Bohemia))
((Authority control))

((DEFAULTSORT:Conrad Ii, Duke Of Bohemia))
[[Category:Dukes of Bohemia]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:1191 deaths]]
[[Category:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic monarchs]]
[[Category:Czech people of Serbian descent]]
[[Category:12th-century deaths from plague (disease)]]
[[Category:12th-century people from Bohemia]]
[[Category:Monarchs of Bohemia]]

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