You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons:

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikipedia.
This does not affect your ability to read Wikipedia pages.
Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong. Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.

The IP address or range 44.197.0.0/16 has been blocked (disabled) by ‪Blablubbs‬ for the following reason(s):

The IP address that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a web host provider or colocation provider. To prevent abuse, web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked from editing Wikipedia.
You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a proxy or VPN.
We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit. For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in.
If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to request an IP block exemption.

How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:
If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may appeal this block by adding the following text on your talk page: ((unblock|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. Place any further information here. ~~~~)). You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated. Your IP address can be determined here. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the unblock ticket request system. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.

Administrators: The IP block exemption user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a CheckUser needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at SPI Quick Checkuser Requests. Unblocking an IP or IP range with this template is highly discouraged without at least contacting the blocking administrator.

This block will expire on 10:52, 20 August 2024.

Even when blocked, you will usually still be able to edit your user talk page, as well as email administrators and other editors.

For information on how to proceed, please read the FAQ for blocked users and the guideline on block appeals. The guide to appealing blocks may also be helpful.

Other useful links: Blocking policy · Help:I have been blocked
Your IP address is in a range that has been blocked on all Wikimedia Foundation wikis. The block was made by ‪AntiCompositeNumber‬. The reason given is Open proxy/Webhost: Visit the FAQ if you are affected .
- Start of block: 13:55, 18 August 2022
- Expiry of block: 13:55, 18 November 2024
Your current IP address is 44.197.119.13. The blocked range is 44.197.0.0/16. Please include all above details in any queries you make. If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the No open proxies global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please post a request for review on Meta-Wiki. You could also send an email to the stewards VRT queue at stewards@wikimedia.org including all above details.

You can view and copy the source of this page:

((More citations needed|date=April 2010))
[[Image:Fiolstræde2.jpg|thumb|200px|The Central Hall of the University Library in [[Fiolstræde]]  ]]
The '''Copenhagen University Library''' ([[Danish language|Danish]]: Københavns Universitetsbibliotek) in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]], is the main [[research library]] of the [[University of Copenhagen]]. Founded in 1482, it is the oldest library in Denmark.

The old main building of the library is located in [[Fiolstræde]] in central Copenhagen. '''There is no public access to this library building.''' It was designed by [[Johan Daniel Herholdt]] and completed in 1861. A second library, known as the Copenhagen University Library North ((nowrap|(((coord|55.6971|12.5608|type:landmark_region:DK|display=inline|name=Copenhagen University Library North))),)) is located in Nørre Allé and is the library for natural sciences and medicine.

Since 1989, the Copenhagen University Library has been part of the [[Danish Royal Library|Royal Library of Denmark]] but it is administered through the KUBIS system.

==History==

===Earliest history===
In 1482, the University Library was established at the [[University of Copenhagen]] which had been founded three years earlier, when its vice-rector, Peder Albertsen, donated his book collection. One of the first buildings to house the library was the [[House of the Holy Ghost, Copenhagen|House of the Holy Ghost]]. In 1553, the first real library building, located at the site where the university's main building stands today, was inaugurated and it served its purpose for the next hundred years.

===The library in the Trinitatis Complex===
((See also|Rundetårn))
In the first decades of the 17th century, Copenhagen experienced strong building activity under [[Christian IV of Denmark|Christian IV]], popularly referred to as the Builder King due to his many architectural projects. There were plans both for the construction of a university chapel and a new [[astronomical observatory]] to replace [[Tycho Brahe]]'s [[Stjerneborg]] which had fallen into despair and been demolished after he had fallen out of favour and left the country. Ultimately the idea emerged to build one grand complex which was to hold both an observatory, a church and new premises for the university library.

Construction of the new building, known as the [[Trinitatis Complex]], started in 1637. First to be completed was the observatory at the top of what is today known as the [[Rundetårn|Round Tower]]. The new university library, located above the church and accessible only by the Round Tower's spiral ramp, was taken into use in 1652. In 1656, the [[Trinitatis Church]] was completed as the last part of the new trinity of science, knowledge and faith.

Up through the 17th century, the University Library grew significantly, both with the inclusion of the [[Royal Danish Historiographer|Royal Historiographers]]' archives and [[Peder Hansen Resen#Resen's book collection|Peder Hansen Resen's book collection]] in 1685&ndash;87.<ref name="Gyldendal">((cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Kunst_og_kultur/Bog-_og_biblioteksv%C3%A6sen/Videnskabelige_og_faglige_biblioteker/Universitetsbiblioteket|title=Universitetsbiblioteket |publisher=Gyldendal|accessdate=2010-02-15))</ref> After this, the University surpassed the [[Danish Royal Library|Royal Library]] in size.

In the [[Copenhagen Fire of 1728]], the University Library was devastated and 30,000 volumes were lost to the flames. Only some materials which against the rules had been removed from the premises by students and professors were saved. After the fire the library was restored along with the rest of the Trinitatis Complex and steps were taken to build a new collection. In 1730, [[Árni Magnússon]] bequeathed his book and manuscript collection to the library. It included, most significantly, an extensive collection of Icelandic and other Nordic manuscripts which has since besome known as the [[Arnamagnæan Manuscript Collection]] after him.<ref name="Gyldendal"/> The library introduced loans in 1788.<ref name="Gyldendal"/>

In the  British [[Strategic bombing#Enemy morale|terror bombing]] of the civilian population of Copenhagen in the [[Battle of Copenhagen (1807)|Battle of Copenhagen]] in 1807, the University Library was only marginally damaged when a few grenades penetrated the roof of [[Trinitatis Church]]. Ironically, they landed in the library's section for morals and politics where they damaged a corner of [[Marsilius of Padua]]'s [[Defensor pacis]]. Fragments of the grenades are now exhibited in the Exhibition Hall on the first floor of the current University Library building in Fiolstræde.<ref name="Selskabet">((cite web|url=http://www.kobenhavnshistorie.dk/bog/kko/u/kko_u-2.html|title=Universitetsbiblioteket, Fiolstræde 1|publisher=Selskabet for Københavns Historie|accessdate=2010-02-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819125448/http://www.kobenhavnshistorie.dk/bog/kko/u/kko_u-2.html|archive-date=2014-08-19|url-status=dead))</ref>

===The library in Fiolstræde===
Up through the 19th century it became clear that the library's premises in the Trinitatis Complex were outdated. They had become too small and the unusual access along the Round Tower's helical corridor was also impractical. In 1856, the university held an [[architectural competition]] for the design of a new library on a site in [[Fiolstræde]], just behind the university's main building. The competition was won by [[Johan Daniel Herholdt]].<ref name="Selskabet"/> Construction started in 1857 and the new building was completed in 1861. The same year the astronomical observatory also moved to a specially designed building, the [[Østervold Observatory]], constructed on the city's [[Fortifications of Copenhagen (17th century)|old fortifications]] which were being decommissioned.

In 1867, the University Library was merged with the Classen Library, the third largest library in Copenhagen at the time with 30,000 volumes.

===The library in the 20th century===
In 1930, the University Library became an independent institution directly under the [[Education Minister of Denmark|Ministry of Education]]. Once again suffering from shortage of space, it was split into a First and Second Department in 1938. The latter moved to a new building at Nørre Allé to serve the [[University of Copenhagen Faculty of Science|Faculties of Science]] and [[University of Copenhagen Faculty of Health Sciences|Medicine]]. In 1989, the University Library's First Department, serving theology, the humanities and social sciences, was merged with the Royal Library. As of 1 January 2006, the University's Second Department was also merged with the Royal Library and changed its name to [[Copenhagen University Library North]]. Officially, the name was changed to the ''Royal Library, National Library and Copenhagen University Library''.

==Architecture==
[[Image:Herholdt lores.jpg|thumb|200px|Herholdt's University Library, the gable towards Frue Plads]]
Herholdt's University Library in Fiolstræde is built to a [[Gothic Revival architecture|Neo-Gothic]] design. Its strong use of red brick heralded a new, distinctive trend in [[Architecture of Denmark|Danish architecture]]<ref name="Selskabet"/> which was to characterize many of the large cultural and civic buildings of the preceding decades.

Herholdt's design is inspired by western European, particularly northern Italian, cathedral architecture. The columns with their [[beehive|hive]]-like terminations as well as other features are inspired by the Church of San Fermo in [[Verona]].<ref name="Selskabet"/> The building's gable towards Frue Plads is intended as a continuation of the seven triangular gables of the University which faces the square. The central hall and corridor were decorated by [[Georg Hilker]], one of the premier Danish decorative painters of the time.<ref name="Selskabet"/>

The building was the first in Denmark to have a structural system of [[cast iron]]. This was a requirement to prevent future fires and Herholdt was inspired by [[the Crystal Palace]] at the [[The Great Exhibition|Great Exhibition of 1851]] in London which he had visited during a stay in England .<ref name="Selskabet"/> Another source of inspiration was the [[Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève]] in Paris which had been built 1843 to 1859 with a similar underlying structure.<ref name="Selskabet"/>

==Cultural references==
* In the 2015 drama film ''[[The Danish Girl (film)|The Danish Girl]]'', Copenhagen University Library was used as location for a scene in Paris where [[Lili Elbe]] ([[Eddie Redmayne]]) retreats to a library to do research about her condition.<ref>((cite web|url=http://www.visitdenmark.com/denmark/tour-danish-girl-locations|title=Tour The Danish Girl locations|website=visitdenmark.dk|accessdate=9 October 2017))</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery> 
Fiolstræde4.jpg
Fiolstræde1.jpg
Fiolstræde3.jpg
Copenhagen University Library interior 2.jpg
Copenhagen University Library interior 1.jpg
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Classen Library]]

==References==
((Reflist))

==External links==
* [https://archive.today/20140922233852/http://www.arkitekturbilleder.dk/bygning-153 Images] on Arkitekturbilleder.dk

((Johan Daniel Herholdt))

((GeoGroupTemplate))
((Authority control))
((Coord|55.6804|12.5729|type:landmark_region:DK|display=title))

[[Category:1482 establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:1480s establishments in Denmark]]
[[Category:1861 establishments in Denmark]]
[[Category:Academic libraries in Denmark]]
[[Category:Gothic Revival architecture in Copenhagen|University Library]]
[[Category:Historicist architecture in Copenhagen|University Library]]
[[Category:Infrastructure completed in 1861]]
[[Category:Libraries established in the 15th century]]
[[Category:Libraries in Copenhagen|University Library]]
[[Category:University of Copenhagen|Library]]

Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page (help):

Copenhagen University Library (edit)
Template:Ambox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Cite web (view source) (protected)
Template:Coord (view source) (protected)
Template:Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:GeoGroup (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:GeoGroupTemplate (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Hlist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:Johan Daniel Herholdt (edit)
Template:Main other (view source) (protected)
Template:More citations needed (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Nowrap (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist (view source) (protected)
Template:Reflist/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Template:See also (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tooltip (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Tooltip/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno (view source) (protected)
Template:Yesno-no (view source) (template editor protected)
Template:Yesno-yes (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Arguments (view source) (protected)
Module:Authority control (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/auxiliary (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Authority control/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Category handler (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/blacklist (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Category handler/shared (view source) (protected)
Module:Check for unknown parameters (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1 (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/COinS (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist (view source) (protected)
Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Coordinates (view source) (protected)
Module:Coordinates/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:EditAtWikidata (view source) (protected)
Module:Find sources (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/config (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/links (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Find sources/templates/Find sources mainspace (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Format link (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Hatnote list (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Labelled list hatnote (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Math (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/ambox.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Message box/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/config (view source) (protected)
Module:Namespace detect/data (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/configuration (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbar/styles.css (view source) (protected)
Module:Navbox (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/configuration (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:Navbox/styles.css (view source) (template editor protected)
Module:String (view source) (protected)
Module:Unsubst (view source) (protected)
Module:Yesno (view source) (protected)

Return to Copenhagen University Library.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copenhagen_University_Library"