Coronation Oath Act 1688[1]
Act of Parliament
Parliament of England
Long titleAn Act for Establishing the Coronation Oath.[2]
Citation1 Will. & Mar. c. 6
  • (Ruffhead: 1 Will. & Mar. Sess. 1. c. 6)
Dates
Royal assent9 April 1689
Status: Current legislation
Text of statute as originally enacted
Text of the Coronation Oath Act 1688 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

The Coronation Oath Act 1688 (1 Will. & Mar. c. 6) is an Act of the Parliament of England. It was passed in 1689.

The preamble noted that "by the Law and Ancient Usage of this Realm" the monarchs of England had taken a solemn oath at their coronation to maintain the statute laws and customs of the country and of its inhabitants, but the text of this oath had become partly meaningless over time, "framed in doubtful Words and Expressions with relation to ancient Laws and Constitutions at this time unknown".[3] It established a single uniform oath to be taken by future monarchs at their coronation, and also established that this oath was to be taken by William III and Mary II when they were crowned.

The oath was fundamentally different from the traditional coronation oath which recognized laws as being the grant of the king whereas the Act's oath sought to bind the king to rule according to the law agreed in Parliament.[4] At the forefront of the oath, then, is the distillation of the core principle of the Glorious Revolution of 1688, namely an assertion of the constitutional supremacy of Parliament, a principle that remains the basis of public law in the United Kingdom.[5] By delaying his coronation for 8 months after assuming his Kingship, Charles III thus delayed the taking of the oath and its public commitments. However this did not affect his formal legal powers, eg to assent to legislation from the moment he acceded to the crown.[6]

The oath was shorter than the one used in 1660, removing a number of awkward phrases and references to past monarchs; a significant alteration was the explicit inclusion of an oath to maintain "the true Profession of the Gospel and the Protestant Reformed Religion Established by Law", rather than the somewhat more vague promise to "Protect and Defend the Bishops and Churches under [my] Government."

Section 2 of the Act of Settlement 1701 reiterated the requirement to take the oath.[7] This Act mostly remains in force as of 2019. (Section 4, from "bee it" to "enacted that" was repealed by section 1(1) of, and Part I of the Schedule to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1888.)[8] The Scottish Claim of Right Act 1689 says that the monarch cannot "exercise the regal power until he or she swear the Coronation Oath."[9]

See also

References

  1. ^ The citation of this Act by this short title was authorised by section 5 of, and Schedule 2 to, the Statute Law Revision Act 1948. Due to the repeal of those provisions, it is now authorised by section 19(2) of the Interpretation Act 1978.
  2. ^ These words are printed against this Act in the second column of Schedule 2 to the Statute Law Revision Act 1948, which is headed "Title".
  3. ^ Raithby, John, ed. (1819). "William and Mary, 1688: An Act for Establishing the Coronation Oath. [Chapter VI. Rot. Parl. pt. 5. nu. 3.]". Statutes of the Realm. Vol. 6: 1685-94. pp. 56–57 – via British History Online. Whereas by the Law and Ancient Usage of this Realme the Kings and Queens thereof have taken a Solemne Oath upon the Evangelists at Their respective Coronations to maintaine the Statutes Laws and Customs of the said Realme and all the People and Inhabitants thereof in their Spirituall and Civill Rights and Properties BUT forasmuch as the Oath itselfe on such Occasion Administred hath heretofore beene framed in doubtfull Words and Expressions with relation to ancient Laws and Constitutions at this time unknowne To the end therefore that One Uniforme Oath may be in all Times to come taken by the Kings and Queens of this Realme and to Them respectively Administred at the times of Their and every of Their Coronation.
  4. ^ Harris, Tim (2006). Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy 1685 – 1720. Allen Lane. p. 349.
  5. ^ Jones, Phillip (2017). "The Coronation Oath: Right and Rite". Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  6. ^ House of Commons Library (19 April 2023). "Changes to the Coronation Oath". Retrieved 1 May 2023.
  7. ^ Act of Settlement 1701, section 2
  8. ^ The Chronological Table of the Statutes, 1235 - 2010. The Stationery Office. 2011. ISBN 978-0-11-840509-6. Part I. Page 68, read with pages viii and x.
  9. ^ Claim of Right at legislation.gov.uk

External links


Legislation of the United Kingdom
Coronation of the English, Scottish, and British monarchs
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